Parental Educational Background Research Articles

Test Anxiety Among Czech Pupils in Lower-Secondary Education

Test anxiety remains a compelling focus of contemporary research. This attention may be, in part, due to the continued reliance on high-stakes testing, which plays a pivotal role in students' academic trajectories. Our research had several objectives. Given the lack of research on test anxiety in the Czech Republic, our primary aim was to adapt and validate the Children's Test Anxiety Scale (CTAS) on a sample of 740 lower-secondary students (ages 13-15). The results demonstrated adequate construct validity, supporting the three-factor model of the CTAS. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between test anxiety, academic self-concept, and educational outcomes alongside other demographic variables. Our findings revealed a strong negative correlation linking students' academic self-concept and test anxiety. Although no direct correlation emerged between test anxiety and educational outcomes, a linear regression indicated a significant shift: educational outcomes (grades) became significant predictors when considered in conjunction with academic selfconcept. Additionally, our study confirmed a significant impact of gender on test anxiety levels (girls exhibited higher test anxiety than boys) and a modest but significant correlation with parental educational background.

Factors influencing self-regulated learning ability among Medical undergraduates in China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundSelf-regulated learning (SRL) is the core purpose of lifelong learning and the precondition for medical staff to continuously adapt to and excel in their current and future positions. Good SRL abilities positively impact the academic performance and clinical skills of medical students. Despite its importance, the factors influencing SRL among medical students in China remain under-explored. This study investigates these factors among Chinese medical undergraduates.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of undergraduate students at all four medical universities in Guangxi, using a questionnaire developed and tailored by Zude Zhu. Responses from 2,179 Chinese medical undergraduate students were included in the analyses. The data were collected using the College Student SRL Questionnaire which consisted of 69 items rated on a 6-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (very inconsistent) to 6 (very consistent), and scored by calculating the mean and standard deviation. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22.0 (IBM SPSS Corp).ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that registered residence, specialty, educational system, parental educational background, parenting style, annual household income, parental occupation, grade point average (GPA), engagement in SRL activities, and participation in SRL training were significantly associated with SRL scores (p < 0.05 for all). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed that educational system (“5 + 3”-year) (p < 0.001; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 9.842 to 15.686), mother’s occupation (staff of government agency/institution) (p < 0.001; 95% CI, − 3.798 to − 2.081), GPA (p < 0.001; 95% CI, − 10.009 to − 5.712), engagement in SRL activities (p = 0.001; 95% CI, − 11.903 to − 3.162), and participation in SRL training (p < 0.001; 95% CI, − 15.966 to − 9.972) were positively related to SRL abilities in medical students.ConclusionsFurther studies are necessary to identify additional external (e.g., academic environment, parents’ expectations for their children) and internal factors (e.g., student cadres or not, interest in medicine or not, whether there is a clear career planning) affecting SRL abilities. Initiating relevant training early in the college career could enhance SRL capabilities in medical students.

The Impact of Parental Education on Childrens Future Income

Abstract: This study examines the casual effect of parental educational achievement and family background on educational outcome and income for children. In addition, the study tests the parental education as an instrumental variable for childrens education. The 2022 United States General Social Survey (GSS2022) has been used as the dataset. This article uses Mincer earning function and instrumental variable regression to generate the outcomes between parental status, parental educational achievement, and the outcomes for children. The result indicates that the impact of parental educational achievement and advantage family background on income for children is negligible. The result also shows that the education has a significant effect on income. Furthermore, the study finds out that there is significant correlation between parental educational achievement and the educational achievement for children. In addition, the advantage family background has a significant impact on educational attainment for children. Moreover, the instrumental variable regression outcomes indicate that the difference between IV regression and OLS regression is small. This research uses the latest dataset to find out the casual effects of family background and parental education on childrens education and future income.

Parental Factors and Pupils’ School Readiness in Umuahia North Local Government Area, Abia State

This study investigated the influence of parental factors and pupils’ school readiness in Umuahia North Local Government Area. To achieve this purpose, three specific objectives and corresponding research questions were also raised to guide the study, three null hypotheses were postulated to guide the study and were tested at .05 level of significance. The descriptive survey research design was employed and used for this study. The population of the study was 4500 ECC II pupils with parents. Purposive and simple random sampling was used to select a sample size of 450 ECC II pupils with parents. Parental’ Factors Questionnaire (PFQ), for parents and Pupils’ School Readiness Rating Scale (PSRRS) for pupils were used as instruments for the study. The face and content validities of the instruments was determined by experts in Psychological Foundations of Education and Early Childhood Education. The Cronbach’s alpha statistical analysis was used to determine the reliability of instruments which yielded reliability indices of 0.73, 0.71 and 0.77 respectively. Mean analysis and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the null hypotheses. The study revealed that: there is a significant influence of parental styles, parental socio-economic status, and parental educational background on pupils’ school readiness in Umuahia North Local Government Area. Based on the findings of the study, the study recommended among others that parents should be encouraged to improve on their relationship with their children and choose the right parenting style that will help the children to behave positively in their readiness to adapt to school environment.

‘To be on the seventh sky’: exploring the nature and push of key factors in Indian parents’ choice for shadow education

ABSTRACT This research contributes to the current discourse about the role of parentocracy in the expansion of shadow education (known as private tutoring or supplementary instruction) for primary -grade children. Multiple data collection techniques were employed through the distribution of open-ended questionnaires and one-to-one semi-structured interviews, involving 171 parents of primary-grade children belonging to North India. The thematic analysis of the data highlighted the motivations of parents for engaging their children in shadow education and its significant impacts. In addition, the research highlighted the relationship between parents’ socioeconomic status and the accessibility of shadow education for primary grade children. The study has further explored the role of parental educational background in influencing the expansion of shadow education for primary grade children. The findings concluded that the most significant motivation of parents for engaging their primary grade children in shadow education is reducing the screen time of their children.

A Study on Regression Based Machine Learning Models to Predict the Student Performance

Abstract : This article discusses the use of three regression models (Linear Regression, Decision Tree Regression, and Random Forest Regression) to study the performance of high school students in India across three subjects: Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics. The study identifies various factors that affect student performance, such as access to good internet connectivity, parental educational background, and lunch quality. The data was obtained from an educational firm and analyzed based on principles and methods that aid decision-making processes. The results showed that all three regression models produced accurate and plausible results, with an overall accuracy of approximately 95%. The study's primary objective was to provide a clear and concise comparative analysis of various Machine Learning techniques and their impact on the dataset and the predictive attributes analyzed. The findings from this study underscore the importance of considering various factors when analyzing student performance and highlight the effectiveness of Machine Learning techniques in this domain. Keywords: Online Courses, Learning Analytics Dataset, Machine Learning, Tutor Marked Assessment, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC).

PENERAPAN REGRESI COX UNTUK MENGANALISIS VARIABEL YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP DURASI STUDI MAHASISWA

One aspect that concerns stakeholders in a university is the study duration of students because this is one of the determinants of the quality of a university. In the Mathematics Education study program, at Universitas PGRI Semarang, there has never been any research on the length of study of students. So we conducted this study to determine the factors that significantly influence students' study duration. We applied Cox regression to data on students of the Mathematics Education study program at Universitas PGRI Semarang from entering 2017 until graduating in various years from 2021 to 2023 with predictor variables of Cumulative Achievement Index, gender, parental educational background, and student’s participation in the organizations. These data were collected using a questionnaire and data triangulation was confirmed through interviews. Meanwhile, the students’ study duration data is the secondary data that has been documented in the information system of Universitas PGRI Semarang. Analysis using Cox Regression is very suitable for the case study in this study because the dependent variable in this study is survival data. In addition, Cox Regression is known as a method that is relatively easy, simple and does not require survival data to have a certain distribution. From the analysis results, it was found that the Cumulative Achievement Index is the factor that has the most significant influence on the length of student study.

Study to Assess the Clinical and Sociodemographic Profile of Measles in Children Admitted to a Tertiary Care Center: A Retrospective Study.

Background Measles remains a significant contributor to illness and death among young children, despite the presence of a safe and efficacious vaccine. One of the most highly transmissible viruses affecting humans is measles, which can be almost entirely prevented through vaccination. The recent surge in measles cases worldwide has been particularly notable in India. A total of 172 confirmed outbreaks of measles were recorded between October 2021 and September 2022, resulting in 12,589 cases. Measles, being highly contagious, is transmitted through the respiratory route. The disease affects 75 to 90% of susceptible household contacts, reaching peak infectivity three days before the rash emerges. The recent measles outbreak observed since January 2023 holds significance, as Bangalore district alone has reported around 500 cases. Therefore, the current study aims to evaluate the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of measles in pediatric patients. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted over seven months. Data pertaining to demographics such as age, gender, parental occupation, parental educational background, and housing situation were gathered. Details regarding the child's immunization status, the onset of fever, and the onset of rash were also documented. Descriptive data was represented using mean, standard deviation, and percentage or proportion. Results Over the study period of seven months, 53 children were admitted due to measles. The majority of the individuals were female, accounting for 28 cases (52.8%). The typical clinical manifestations of measles such as cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis were documented in 45 (84.90%), 43 (81.13%), and 32 (60.37%) children, respectively.Specifically, two (3.77%), 14 (26.41%), 20 (37.73%), and 17 (32.07%) individuals were categorized as belonging to the upper middle, lower middle, upper lower, and lower socioeconomic strata. Six children in the nine- to 12-month age range had not received the measles-rubella (MR) vaccination. Thirteen (54.16%) out of 24 children aged one to five years had not received a single dose of thevaccine, while the children who had received at least one dose did not experience any complications. Among children aged less than nine months, nine to 12 months, and more than 12 months, three (100%), two (66.6%), and three (75%) respectively,experienced complications. All the patients recovered completely and were discharged from the hospital. Conclusion Measles is re-emerging as an infectious disease among children, as evidenced by the current outbreak. Study indicates that measles tends to impact infants and under five children more frequently. Through prompt and suitable medical intervention, all affected children experienced full recovery. It was observed that immunized children had fewer complications in comparison to their non-immunized counterparts. Acquiring a thorough understanding of the clinical profile of the illness is crucial for policymakers in developing essential guidelines for measles immunization coverage.

Determinants of academic achievement from the middle to secondary school education: A systematic review

AbstractBecause it is crucial for psychosocial adjustment and lifelong learning, education is the most relevant tool for ensuring inclusion and reducing inequalities. Due to its relationship with positive outcomes, such as life satisfaction, mental health, job performance or SES, academic achievement is a significant phenomenon that impacts students, families, and educational institutions. The present study sought to contribute to the field by reviewing the literature on the determinants that influence the objective achievements of a typical population of middle- to high-school students. Based on the PRISMA statement, a search for related studies was performed in the WoS, EBSCO, and PubMed databases, and 771 studies published between 1930 and 2022 were identified. After screening based on the analysis of abstracts, 35 studies met the selection criteria. The Bronfenbrenner ecological model served as the theoretical rationale for organizing the studies’ findings. The results of this review highlight the following determinants of school achievement: (i) Personal factors—gender, personality traits, cognitive abilities and academic background, motivation and self-constructs, stress and problem-solving strategies, and substance use; (ii) Contextual microsystem factors—(a) Family—parental educational background; parenting practices and interactions; parental involvement and support; (b) School—school location; school conditions, responsiveness, and practices; (c) Peers—peer-group disagreement management. This systematic review updates the existing empirical evidence on this topic and highlights the complexity of the phenomenon of academic achievement.

Investigation of parental socioeconomic status as a determinant of dietary habits and disease severity of sickle cell disease children

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) impacts dietary choices and poor dietary pattern has been reported to play a role in the etio-pathogenic mechanisms that give rise to various diseases. Objective: The study is designed to explore the relationship between parental SES and both the dietary habits and disease severity markers among sickle cell disease (SCD) pediatric patients. Methods: Participants’ hemoglobin genotypes and hematocrit levels were determined using standard methods. Questionnaire was administered to the participants to obtain information on qualitative parameters. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Significant level was set with P &lt; .05. Results: A high percentage of parents of SCD participants were of medium to high SES [73.33%- HbSC; 64.29%- HbSS]. While the rates of hospitalization of HbSS (92.85%) and HbSC (66.67%) were dissimilar, the rates of patients that had suffered vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) in the last three months prior to the study were comparable [46.67%-HbSC; 53.57%-HbSS]. The daily fruit/vegetable consumption habits of 3 genotypes were poor ranging from 15-25%. The hematocrit levels of the 3 groups were significantly different. Conclusion: The study suggests that high percentage of patients belong to medium-high SES, signifying that educational background of parents did not impact prevalence of the disease.

Home Environment and Academic Achievement of Senior Secondary School Students in English Language in Ogun-East Senatorial District, Nigeria

This study examined the relationship between the home environments and academic achievement of senior secondary school students in English Language in Ogun-East Senatorial District, Ogun State, Nigeria. Six null hypotheses were tested in the study. The study adopted the descriptive research design of the ex-post-facto type. A sample of 850 Senior Secondary School two students in twenty public secondary schools were randomly selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Two research instruments were used for data collection. Findings showed the significant relative contribution of home environments of family income (β = 0.344; t = 10.889; p &lt; 0.05) and parental educational background (β = 0.290; t = 9.244; p &lt; 0.05) to academic achievement of senior secondary school students in the English Language in Ogun-East Senatorial District. The study concludes that family income and parental educational background positively relate to the academic achievement of Senior Secondary School students in the English Language. The study recommends among others that other avenues of income generation could be sought by parents to cushion the effect of the economy on their family while parents should give more attention to their children’s academic work since the role of the parents in their children’s academic achievement can never be underemphasised.

Factors Influencing of School Type, Parental Educational Background, Gender, and Age on the English Language Speaking Proficiency of Chinese College Students

English, as an international language of communication, plays a crucial role in the development of global economic exchanges. In China, where English serves as a second language, the improvement of college students' English language speaking proficiency faces numerous challenges due to the lack of authentic English communication environments. However, there has been a lack of in-depth research on the relationship between Chinese college students' English language speaking proficiency and factors such as school background. This study utilized multiple linear regression to analyze data from the 2021 China General Social Survey. It aimed to investigate the relationship between college students' English language speaking proficiency and various factors, including different types of high school experiences, parental educational backgrounds, gender differences, and age disparities. The findings revealed that college students who attended provincial-level and municipal-level key high schools demonstrated higher English language speaking proficiency. Additionally, paternal educational background had a more significant impact on the English language speaking proficiency of offspring compared to maternal educational background. Furthermore, female students exhibited higher English speaking proficiency levels than male students. Moreover, English speaking proficiency showed an inverted "U"-shaped trend with age, peaking at 22.5 years old. Based on the research results, recommendations were proposed to balance the educational resources of different types of high schools and to reform English teaching in universities. These suggestions aim to provide robust evidence for the formulation of educational policies to meet the growing demand for English learning in China.

Can broadband infrastructure construction promote equality of opportunity? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

This study considers the impact of broadband infrastructure construction on household inequality of opportunity. Based on the "circumstance-effort" framework, we estimate the inequality of opportunity index, and we utilize China's household survey data. To identify this effect, we consider the construction of "Broadband China" demonstration cities, and we apply the difference-in-differences method; thus, we observe that broadband infrastructure can promote the equality of opportunity, and with respect to a series of robustness tests (e.g., parallel trend tests and instrumental variable estimation), the conclusion is robust. Furthermore, we observed that by increasing the intergenerational mobility of education for individuals with lower parental education background and by narrowing the gender wage gap, the deployment of broadband infrastructure reduces the opportunity inequality that is occasioned by parental education background and gender.

Roles of parents in life satisfaction and educational hope among Chinese high school students.

The well-being of the Chinese high school students linked to the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, known as gaokao, has been a spotlight education issue in China. This study employed self-determination theory and Bourdieu's sociocultural theory to examine the relationship between life satisfaction, educational hope, and parental support among Chinese high school students. A number of 3,810 high school students from eight schools in Jiangsu, China, completed a validated context-relevant questionnaire. Structural equation model analysis suggested that parental support significantly impacted students' life satisfaction and educational hope. Findings showed that parental intangible support in terms of providing information, advice, encouragement, praise, and care has a direct and significant impact on the life satisfaction of Chinese youth. The extent to which students attach importance to and put effort into achieving their educational aspirations, known as goal commitment, mediated the relationship between parental support and life satisfaction. Moreover, Chinese high school students' educational hope is shaped by their family. Parental support moderates goal commitment, which varies based on parental education background. In short, parents play a critical role in the growth and development of Chinese high school students.

Factors Affecting Academic Performance of BS Students in Mansehra City (Pakistan)

This study investigates the factors affecting the academic performance of BS students in Mansehra city. To make a relationship between social factors, parental factors, family background, basic facilities, economic factors, human resources, peer factors, demographic factors, gender and culture, institutional background, and student’s academic performance, the study used correlation analysis. Firstly, the reliability of the research instrument was established, and a proportionate random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data was collected through closed ended questionnaires, and a sample size of 200 was drawn from three colleges in Mansehra city. The frequency analysis revealed that the sample comprises 75 percent female and 25 percent male students, and they belong to the 17-24 years age group. 95% of students show a parental educational background, which encourages children’s education. 92% of students' family income is essential to continuing their studies, and 98% of respondents think that human resources affect the student’s performance. The result from the regression model shows a significant relationship between social factors, parental factors, family background, basic facilities, economic factors, human resources, and the students' performance. In contrast, other factors like peer factors, demographic factors, gender and culture, and institutional background have an insignificant effect on the model. Any institution paying attention to students from low socioeconomic backgrounds could develop a support system for students by identifying financial aid and student loan schemes.

Socio-economic characteristics of parents on learners’ educational aspiration: Exploring mechanisms of impact

This study aims to examine the influence of the socio-economic status (SES) of parents on learners' educational aspirations in La Dade Kotopon of the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Socio-economic status of parents plays a pivotal role in shaping their child's educational aspirations and the pathways they envision for their future. Socio-economic status is a multidimensional construct encompassing various factors such as parental education, occupation, income, and family background. The study utilizes a quantitative research design, employing a sample of learners (230) from diverse socio-economic backgrounds within the Greater Accra region through the quota sampling technique. Also, the convenient sampling technique was used in selecting ten (10) teachers and thirty (30) parents. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, mean, and SD. It was found that most of the guardians of La Dade Kotopon Junior High School (JHS) were not employed, while a majority were into petty trading. Therefore, the income level of the guardians was low, placing most of them in low socio-economic backgrounds. This had affected the learners in terms of their choice of schools and their educational aspirations. Practical implications arise in designing targeted interventions and support programs aimed at fostering educational aspirations, especially for learners from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds.

PARENTAL BACKGROUND AS DETERMINANT OF CAREER CHOICE AMONG STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES, ACCRA, GHANA

The aim of the study was to examine how parental background variables (education, occupation and income) serve as determinants of career choice among the students of the University of Professional Studies, Accra. The simple random technique was used to select 200 respondents for this study. The Parental Variable and Career Choice questionnaires were used in collecting data. Descriptive statistical tests were used in analyzing data with the aid of the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software. Frequency distribution tables, pie chart and bar graph, binomial test, chi square and Mann-Whitney test were used to fulfil the objectives of the study. The results showed that both parental educational and occupational background have influence on the career choice of the students. Parental income however, did not prove to have any influence on career choice. Gender difference was also not found to influence career choice amongst target population. It was concluded that, parental educational and occupational background have an influence on students’ career choice but parental income was not found to determine students’ career choice. It is, therefore, recommended that parents and other stakeholders in career development of students take into consideration influence of parental education and occupation on career development of students and use them in guiding, shaping, educating, and introducing students to surge into the world of career interest exploration and career choice. Students should be encouraged to choose role models whose educational and occupational levels placed them high on good career progression to become their images of inspiration in career choice and preference.

Pendapat Orang Tua Murid Sekolah Tentang Komunikasi Pembelajaran Pasca Gempa Cianjur 2022

The Cianjur 2022 earthquake following the COVID-19 pandemic, made it necessary for the schools at Legok Nangka and Liung Tutut, Cugenang, Cibeureum, Cianjur, to have a full then partly on line teaching and learning system for their students. Observing the children’s enthusiasm to learning activities while accompanying them at a trauma healing activity not long after the earthquake, drew us to come back to these villages to find out about teaching and learning activities in this area. This study is to find out about the opinion of the students’ parents about the effectiveness of the post-earthquake learning activities. Theory used to explain this study is the Theory of Process of Communications by Harold D Laswell, which says that communication is about ‘who says what to whom through which channel with what effects.’ Research methods used is quantitative descriptive, and data was collected through distributing questionnaires and interviews to some mothers and students. The research population was mothers of primary and secondary school students living at Legok Nangka and Liung Tutut, Cugenang, Cibeureum, Cianjur. Sampling methods used was total sampling. The result of this study was that according to mothers of primary and secondary school living in these villages, the effectiveness of teaching and learning activities until August, even December 2023 (for some schools) was still low, since learning facilities has not yet being fully recovered after the Cianjur earthquake and other obstacles. It was not advised to imply online teaching and learning activities for school students, especially at villages where the educational background of parents is low.

Quality of Life Comparisons in Strabismic Children Managed Surgically or Conservatively

Abstract&#x0D; Introduction &amp; Objectives : Strabismus causes visual impairment due to ocular misalignment, interferes cosmetic appearance, results in negative self-image and impacts quality of life. Studies in adults have shown that successful strabismus surgery improves quality of life, but awareness of strabismus surgery and its benefits are still lacking. Studies regarding the impact of conservative treatment on quality of life are limited, so further study is required.&#x0D; Methods : This was an observational study comparing 2 unpaired groups. The method used in this study was cross-sectional and samples were obtained purposefully according to medical records and consecutively based on outpatient visits.&#x0D; Results : Thirty-six subjects in group A, who had undergone strabismus surgery and 33 subjects in group B who were still managed conservatively were included in this study. Both groups had similar demographic characteristics, except parental education background (p=0.048). Comparative test of2 unpaired groups in this study showed higher quality of life scores in group A (p=0.0001).&#x0D; Conclusion : The quality of life in subjects who had undergone strabismus surgery was better than that in those who were still managed conservatively.

Associations of parental education with children's infectious diseases and their mediating factors: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).

BackgroundParents' educational background is presumed to influence the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases in children through their decisions about vaccinations and other family lifestyle choices. Regarding voluntary vaccination, a household's economic situation may also be associated with non-vaccination. Therefore, this study investigated the association between parental education and vaccine-preventable diseases (varicella, mumps, influenza [flu], pertussis, measles, and rubella) in children, which currently remains elusive.MethodsWe used datasets from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, which included 104,062 fetal records; our study population comprised 80,930 children up to the age of three years. The associations between parental educational background and children's infectious diseases were examined using binomial logistic regression analysis. The mediating effects of household income, vaccination, and smoking were examined using a path analysis.ResultsFor varicella, mumps, and influenza covered by voluntary vaccination, a higher education level of the father was associated with a lower incidence of infection. The association between mothers' education and children's infection was limited. There were both income-mediated and non-income-mediated pathways between parental education and voluntary vaccination. For pertussis, measles, and rubella, which are covered by routine vaccines, there was no association between parental education and the child's infection.ConclusionAn association between parental education and childhood infections was observed. Additionally, providing financial support for vaccination and communicating the benefits of vaccination in a way that parents at all levels of education can understand will help reduce the incidence of infectious diseases among children.