Educational Advertisements Research Articles

Tinjauan Shirkah terhadap Sistem Pay Per Click (PPC) dada Google Adsense dan Facebook

This research was conducted to determine the Pay Per Click (PPC) system in collaboration between Google AdSense and Facebook from a Shirkah perspective. This research is field research, with data collection using interviews, observation, and literature review by explaining how the Pay Per Click (PPC) system works in collaboration with Google AdSense and Facebook and then analyzing it according to Islamic law. The results of this study indicate that websites or blogs create Facebook fan page accounts which publishers carry out to promote posting website links or blog links to be accepted as Google AdSense cooperation partners. Ad services will appear randomly to have generated dollars if someone clicks on the ad. The author views the contract between the two parties as valid. However, the advertising services that are displayed randomly contain mutashabihat or ambiguous matters. Because Google itself has many AdWords partners from many types of companies. If publishers can guarantee the appearance of advertising services on their websites or blogs with good educational advertisements, then this collaboration will have no significant problems. If not, the publishers have the role of spreading evil because they have helped the advertisements displayed by Google.

Identifying the Effective Psychologically Motivational Factors in Neuromarketing: A Systematic Review

Objective: The role of unconscious factors in the motivational process, both in decision making and education, has increasingly been noticed. The effectiveness of commercial, non-commercial, and educational messages, as well as the structures of educational advertisements in neuromarketing, are discussed because the advertising audience has complex emotions. It is essential to determine the impact of motivational factors. In this regard, the present systematic review study was conducted to identify motivational factors related to the effectiveness of neuromarketing advertising. Methods: In this systematic review study, English full-text articles published on Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Emerald databases from 1990 to 2021 were searched with the keywords of “neuromarketing”, “commercial and non-commercial messages”, “ad effectiveness”, “behavior”, and “attitude”. Afterward, the qualified articles were reviewed. Results: Firstly, 900 articles were identified from different databases, of which 300 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 210 articles were deleted because they lacked experimental studies. Accordingly, 90 articles were selected for the final review. In total, 37 factors were identified related to the effectiveness of advertising in neuromarketing. Conclusion: The two most influential factors in the research were attention and positive emotions. The greatest emphasis on the effectiveness of advertising is on attention-drawing stimuli and provoking positive emotions. Memory and negative emotions were identified as two other critical factors among the influencing factors.

Marketization of Japan-Based Higher Education Advertisements: A Discourse of McJobs?

We investigate how competing forces interdiscursively manifest in Japan-based higher education through a critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 1993, 1995). Higher education job advertisements are constitutive of institutions’ public images that are targeted toward academics in specific fields. They are discursive spaces where marketized discourse has colonized previously dominant discourses of universities as independent authorities (Fairclough, 1993, 1995). Such marketized discourses within higher education express neoliberal ideologies and free-market conventions (Ball, 1998; Pack, 2018). However, the international extent of university discourse marketization is largely implicitly assumed rather than empirically examined, hence we investigate these forces with respect to Japanese higher education.

Language Styles Used in English Commercial Product and Educational Advertisements on Internet

This research aims to analyze the kinds of language styles used in English Commercial Products and Educational Advertisements on the internet. This research used a qualitative descriptive technique by collecting fifteen English Commercial Products and five Educational Advertisements from the internet and using them as documentation. Data analysis techniques used are data condensation, data display, and drawing conclusion/verification. As the results of this research, the researcher found six language styles used in commercial product advertisements: spokesperson, problem solution, demonstration, a slice of life, comparison, and combination of problem solution and comparison style; and three language styles used in the educational advertisement: hard sell, soft sell, and straightforward style.

Existential advertising in late modernity: Meaningful work in higher education advertisements

The ongoing massification of higher education has entailed a changing relationship between higher education providers and students. While scholars have been quick to identify the political implications of the quasi-market model for the student-customer, there has been significantly less focus on the role that advertising plays in facilitating a student-consumer culture. This article uses an analysis of advertisements directed towards potential domestic university students in Australia to explore how the idea of a university ‘experience’ and meaningful work are discursively constructed within late modernity. Many advertisements draw on existential themes of living a meaningful, authentic or exceptional life and finding a fulfilling career, mythologising the role of the university within an idealised social order. This study highlights the need to understand the economic value of higher education as embedded in cultural economy, as well as the value of this framework for researching student experiences and marketing.

Erythrocytosis and Performance of HbA1c in Detecting Diabetes on an Oxygen-Deficient Plateau: A Population-based Study.

The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test is a standard test for diabetes screening and diagnosis. To evaluate A1c performance for diabetes screening in high-altitude polycythemia compared to a population with a high proportion of people living in an oxygen-deficient environment. A population-based epidemiological survey was conducted. The cities Lhasa and Shigatse were selected. Volunteers were recruited through educational advertisements about diabetes. A total of 1401 Tibetan adults without known diabetes. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c, and complete blood cell count were performed. Hemoglobin A1c was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography, and serum glucose level, using the hexokinase method. World Health Organization criteria were used to define diabetes and prediabetes. Hemoglobin A1c test performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The participants' mean age was 44.3 ± 15.0 years; 33.3% of the participants were men and 38.6% lived in urban areas. The prediabetes and diabetes prevalence rates were 7.5% and 3.6%, respectively. The optimal HbA1c cutoff for detecting diabetes was 46 mmol/mol (6.4%), with a sensitivity and specificity of 60.8% and 93.6%, respectively. The cutoff for detecting diabetes was 6.7% (50 mmol/mol) in subjects with high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC). The relationship between red blood cell (RBC) counts and HbA1c was significant (P < 0.001), while there was no correlation between hemoglobin (Hb) and HbA1c (P = 0.085). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age and fasting serum glucose or 2-hour OGTT (OGTT2h) serum glucose, RBC count and not Hb level was an independent risk factor for HbA1c (β = 0.140, P < 0.001). The optimal HbA1c cutoff for detecting diabetes was 46 mmol/mol (6.4%) in Tibet. Red blood cell count was an independent risk factor for elevated HbA1c, and HAPC may affect the predictive ability of HbA1c.

A Corpus-based Analysis of Multimodal Metaphor in Chinese Ecological Educational Advertisements

With the development of technology and the extension to multimodality in linguistics, technology tools get more applied to linguistic study. It is recognized that metaphor should not be trapped in language, but expanded to various mode. Based on the multimedia corpus built by the multimedia annotator software ELAN which gives rise to a more detailed interpretation, this article attempts to explore mysteries in multimodal metaphor in Chinese ecological educational advertisements: what are prominent metaphors characterize this typical advertisement, how modes collaborate in multimodal metaphor, and how meaning creation is processed in multi-mode way. It is classified that four kinds of metaphors are prominently represented, that is, ontological metaphor, color metaphor, money metaphor, and BIG IS SIGNIFICANT. Various modes collaborate simultaneously to construct meaning, and it is suggested that in various modes, there exists differentiation between priority and the others. The more information a mode carries, the more significant it is in collaborations. The most efficient way of TV educational advertisements to convey meaning is visualization, so most of the time the visual mode acts as the priority in assistance with the others. Through simultaneous cueing -- saliently representing target and source domain simultaneously, and perceptual resemblance--the resemblance experienced through visual perception or auditory sense triggers similarity of the source and the target domain, meaning is created and conveyed to audiences.

The interpretation of verbal and visual signs in education advertisements: submission of new university students

The interpretation of verbal and visual signs in education advertisements: submission of new university students

“Set Them to the Cyphering Schoole”: Reading, Writing, and Arithmetical Education, circa 1540–1700

AbstractDuring the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, English men and women replaced their existing oral and object-based arithmetical practices with literate practices based on Arabic numerals. While the adoption of Arabic numerals was incentivized by continental commercial developments, this article argues that England's increasing literacy rates and the development of vernacular arithmetic textbooks enabled changing arithmetical practices. By exploring the qualities of printed books, analyzing marginalia in arithmetic textbooks, and examining changing educational advertisements and curricula over time, we can demonstrate the importance of literacy and literature to early modern arithmetical education.

Education on the rails: a textual ethnography of university advertising in mobile contexts

ABSTRACTAs universities have succumbed to market discourses, they have adopted advertising strategies. It is not uncommon to see advertisements for them displayed in such mobile spaces as railway stations and alongside highways. Whilst it is true that such environments have always sought to take advantage of populations in transit, the fact that higher education institutions have turned to them as promotional sites, reflects the fact that the ‘transit’ demographic now includes large numbers of young people and high school students. In this paper, a sample of higher education advertisements found in Sydney’s transit spaces is analysed along with the ‘rationale’ provided by advertising companies responsible for their design. It is argued their existence reflects the fact that universities compete against one another for students and need to develop a persuasive ‘brand’. Thus in line with neo-liberalist constructions of subjectivity, they individualise the educational experience, and translate that experience into an economic asset, as a value-adding process. It is of note then that much of the imagery and copy of the advertising ‘visualises’ education as a journey and underpins the fact that mobility is an inescapable predicate of quotidian life.

Rationality and Ethics of Promotional Drug Literature in Medical Journals

Introduction: Currently irrational prescribing is a major concern to community physicians. The promotional drug literature of pharmaceutical companies in medical journal is an important mode to get the information about new drug being introduced and marketed in the country. Most of the community physician depends completely on these published dug literatures. That’s why it is important to maintain high standards of quality of drug advertisement published in medical journals and thus help physician prescribe drugs in a rational manner. Aims and Objective: To evaluate and compare the quality of drug promotional advertisement published in an Indian and international medical journal and highlight the measures to improve the quality of drug advertisement. Materials and Methods: It was an observational cross sectional study of promotional drug advertisements published in two medical journals i.e. one Indian and one international journal over a period of one year [June-2014 to June-2015]. Advertisements pertaining to parenteral fluids, milk foods, medical devices, laboratory equipment and the educational advertisements were excluded. The identified published drug advertisements were evaluated for adherence to the ethical guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) or the Organisation of Pharmaceutical Producers of India (OPPI). Results: A total of 76 and 35 medicinal drug advertisements were published in an Indian and an international medical journal respectively. There was a significant difference in compliance to WHO criteria among Indian (43.5±35.2) and international (70.6±23.8) journal [p< 0.05]. Only brand name and manufacturer details were provided in all the promotional drug literature i.e. 100% compliance. There was significant difference in the compliance to WHO criteria for active ingredient causing adverse reaction, pregnancy category, precaution and contraindication, drug interaction, dosage regimen and date of production in the two journals. Conclusion: The compliance criteria are frequently overlooked by the medical journal publishers. It is expected that the promotional drug literature may be thoroughly checked for compliance more so by the reputed Indian than an international medical journal.

Electronic cigarette marketers manipulate antitobacco advertisements to promote vaping

A device commonly used by public health advocates is the alteration of cigarette advertisements to convey an antismoking message.1 ,2 Well-known examples include ‘Joe Chemo’ for Joe Camel and ‘Fool’...

Moving through the city: visual discourses of upward social mobility in higher education advertisements on public transport in Santiago de Chile

Chile is one of the world's most neoliberal countries with a high level of privatised healthcare and education. The presence of advertising for both public and private universities points to the radically altered relationship between public and private higher education as a consequence of neoliberalism. Some authors describe the increasing similarities between the representations of public and private universities as evidence of their hybrid nature whereas others contend that what comes across as contingent hybridity is the dominance of a neoliberal discourse that has invaded public universities. This article looks at how public and private universities’ visual and textual representations of themselves evolve in a context of mobile, neoliberalised public spaces. The research is based on a mobile visual ethnography of higher education advertisements on public transport in Santiago de Chile in 2010. The visual and textual dimensions of the advertisements are analysed by means of critical discourse analysis. The universities’ particular sales messages with regard to promised upward social mobility and employability through education are reinforced by the intertwining of images, mobile spaces and actors. However, as the discourse analysis shows, the promises of equal upward social mobility are in contrast with the realities of neoliberal higher education and the increasing financial debt faced by students.

Transactional Analysis of AIDS Prevention Advertising

Germane to the production and use of health education advertisements is their effectiveness. MacLachlan, Carr, Fardell, Maffesoni, and Cunningham (1997) proposed that an HIV/AIDS health education message is more effective when the ego state “hooked” by the advertisement is complementary (parallel) to the ego state experienced during sexual interaction. The aim of this study was to test this model further and, through minor modification of the original design, to gather additional salient subsidiary data. One hundred and forty-four sexually active Australian undergraduates viewed two government-sponsored television advertisements (“Reaper” and “Beds”) designed to prevent the spread of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). After the viewing, the participants were asked to identify the ego states projected by the advertisements, the ego states they would have preferred to have projected, and their prediction of their own ego state during sexual interaction with both a steady and a casual partner. The participants rated the effectiveness of each of the two advertisements on a categorical scale (poor, satisfactory, good, and excellent) for each of two dimensions (conveying knowledge about HIV/ AIDS and conveying the need for safe sexual practices). Higher ratings for effectiveness on both dimensions were found for parallel transactions represented as matches between projected ego states and preferred ego states at the time of viewing (x2 (N = 143) = 33.7 p < .001; x2 (3, N = 143) = 43.1 p < .001; x2 (3, N = 140) = 36.1 p < .001; and x2 (N = 141) = 28.1 p < .001), but not for matches (parallel transactions) between advertisement projected ego states and predicted ego states for self during sexual interactions. Analysis of subsidiary data revealed that predicted ego states did not differ according to type of sexual partner (steady, casual); both advertisements were rated as more effective in conveying the need for safe sexual practices than knowledge about HIV/AIDS (z − 6.8, p < .001 & z − 8.9 p < .001); the “Beds” advertisement was rated more effective than the “Reaper” advertisement for both knowledge impact and need for safe practices (z − 2.67, p < .01 & z − 6.0 p < .001); and the majority (63% and 66%) of respondents selected Adult to Adult as their preferred ego states for the advertisements to project. The utility of transactional analysis in the social marketing and evaluation of health education is discussed with reference to overcoming its limitations through the development of a transactional positioning approach.

The Persuasive Effects according to Types of Exercise Promotion Advertisements for Obesity Prevention in Elementary School Students

This study was to identify the persuasive effects of exercise promotion advertisements for obesity prevention according to the source types(ordinary people, experts, celebrity endorsers) and advertising message types(slices of life, testimonials). Gender, height, body weight, BMI, attitude toward obesity(Aob) and exercise(Aex), and intention to exercise(Iex) were collected from 626 elementary school students in a pretest. After 2 months, six advertisements type attached to a questionnaire were provided for 20 minutes and then Aob, Aex, Iex, source credibility and attitude toward advertisements(Aad) were collected in posttest. 1) In posttest the Iex of 6 the groups increased significantly compared with that of the pretest, 2) Source credibility of the Ordinary+Testimonial group was lower than the Celebrity+Testimonial, Celebrity+Slice of life, Ordinary+Slice of life, and Expert+Testimonial groups. Aad of the Celebrity+Testimonial group was higher than the Ordinary+ Testimonial group. 3) The Main effect and interaction effect of source types and advertising message types were significant in source credibility and Aad. Persuasive effects of exercise promotion advertisements in elementary school students was found to be the most effective in Celebrity+Testimonial. This study suggests that selection of health education advertisements according to demographic characteristics is important to promote persuasive effects.

The “Salary ” of the Lecturer

MAY I venture to direct attention to a curious inconsistency which appears to have escaped the notice of scientific men as much as it has that of the general public? Men of science and educationists are emphasising the need for a larger number of men and women with scientific training to carry out research, technical and academic, and to aid in the ordinary conduct of affairs, both now and after the war; while, judging from official educational advertisements, men with the highest qualifications are expected to train this new generation for a “salary ” that compares most unfavourably with the “wages ” of a factory hand. We demand that many shall receive a sound scientific education, and that able teachers for the purpose shall be provided; but either we are not prepared to pay a price which will attract any but mediocre or inefficient teachers, or we expect that those who teach will do so for the love of teaching alone, and will obtain elsewhere the wherewithal to live.