Educational Work Research Articles

Variations in Student Approaches to Problem Solving in Undergraduate Biology Education.

Existing research has investigated student problem-solving strategies across science, technology, engineering, and mathematics; however, there is limited work in undergraduate biology education on how various aspects that influence learning combine to generate holistic approaches to problem solving. Through the lens of situated cognition, we consider problem solving as a learning phenomenon that involves the interactions between internal cognition of the learner and the external learning environment. Using phenomenography as a methodology, we investigated undergraduate student approaches to problem solving in biology through interviews. We identified five aspects of problem solving (including knowledge, strategy, intention, metacognition, and mindset) that define three qualitatively different approaches to problem solving; each approach is distinguishable by variations across the aspects. Variations in the knowledge and strategy aspects largely aligned with previous work on how the use or avoidance of biological knowledge informed both concept-based and nonconcept-based strategies. Variations in the other aspects revealed intentions spanning complete disengagement to deep interest with the course material, different degrees of metacognitive reflections, and a continuum of fixed to growth mindsets. We discuss implications for how these characterizations can improve instruction and efforts to support development of problem-solving skills.

How to accomplish mission-driven work for emergency medicine educators.

How to accomplish mission-driven work for emergency medicine educators.

The impact of antiretroviral treatment and child-focused unconditional cash transfers on child mortality.

Although there is sufficient evidence in the epidemiological literature that antiretroviral treatment (ART) reduces child mortality, there is limited evidence of its effect in the socio-economic determinants of child mortality literature. Furthermore, evidence on the effect of child focused unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) on child mortality is limited, especially in the African context. Using South Africa's provincial level data over the period 2001 to 2019, we evaluate the effect of ART and child focused UCTs on child mortality. We use the two-stage instrumental variable mean group estimator. We find that ART reduces child mortality. Moreover, we find an inverted U-shaped non-linear relationship between UCTs and child mortality that is contingent to the level of cash transfer coverage. Our analyses also reveal that UCTs improve the effect of ART on child mortality by enhancing access and adherence to treatment. While the focus of our analyses was on the child mortality effects of ART and UCTs, our findings reaffirm the well-documented impacts of factors such as public health expenditure, HIV/AIDS, female education, and health worker density on child mortality. Collectively, the combination of high ART and UCTs coverage, increased public health expenditure, enhanced female education, and improved health worker density, represents value for money for policymakers and funders. These areas should be prioritised to improve child well-being.

Moving the Needle: Using Guidelines on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion to Uplift a Stronger Medical Education Community.

The Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics created the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Guidelines Task Force to develop best practices to establish a diverse physician workforce and eliminate racism in medical education. Using the guidelines, educators are impacting their communities and, in some areas, leading their institutions toward greater diversity and inclusion. The guidelines are organized by 4 domains: learning environment, grading and assessment, pathway programs, and metrics. This manuscript uses that framework to highlight the work of individual educators who are moving the needle towards racism-free health care and aims to inspire others contemplating incorporation into their programs.

The Mediating Role of Exercise in Depression and Fatigue in Patients with Advanced Cancer

This study explored the interconnections between sociodemographic elements, depression, fatigue, and exercise in patients suffering from incurable neoplasm, particularly emphasizing the mediating influence of exercise on the relationship between depression and fatigue This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study involving 15 hospitals across Spain. After three months of systemic cancer treatment, participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ) and the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) to measure levels of depression, fatigue, and exercise, respectively. A total of 616 subjects participated in this study. Activity levels differed markedly according to educational attainment, marital, and work status. There was a negative correlation between physical activity and depression, and a positive correlation between depression and fatigue (β = −0.18, and β = 0.46, respectively). Additionally, physical activity inversely influenced fatigue levels (β = 0.21). Physical activity served as a partial intermediary in the link between depression and fatigue among patients with advanced, unresectable cancer. Healthcare providers are urged to consider both the physical and emotional dimensions of cancer treatment, implementing physical activity programs to enhance overall patient quality of life and mental health.

Formation Fit for Purpose: Empowering Religious Educators Working in Catholic Schools

The purpose of this paper is to provide curriculum support to religious educators working in Catholic schools. The paper provides a practical response to research advocating serious attention be given to religious educators because they are at the “coalface” of Catholic education, increasingly confronted by content and policy decisions, the diverse values and needs of their students, and other competing cultural and social challenges. Religious educators play a significant role in the evangelising mission of the Catholic Church as interpreters of Scripture and Tradition and can positively or negatively influence the quality of their students’ learning and its application. Entitled RECALL, the support offered to religious educators in this paper is research-led and utilises educational, standards-based principles. It is a community-minded approach that aims to build religious literacy and deepen the religious educators’ awareness and connections to the legacy of the Catholic Faith Tradition. The desired outcome is to inspire evidence-based conversations encompassing faith and reason, the perceived value and reality of the identity and mission of the Catholic Church, and its impact on Catholic culture and education. Intended to enhance rather than replace existing professional formation, the approach has structures, pedagogical processes, and practices that draw from a set of overarching theoretical considerations. Furthermore, the approach employs three guiding questions for categorising and analysing Catholic content. The questions are: (i) “Who are we as Catholics and what is our mission?” (ii) “What do we believe?” and (iii) “How do we practice?” The proposed curriculum support to religious educators may foster a culture of learning in Religious Education that is focused on improving and progressing the quality of educational outcomes for students. The premise is that if religious educators are supported to engage with the great Gospel narrative, their students may do the same.

Equity split evolution in entrepreneurial teams: Assessing financial contributions and human capital

ABSTRACT Proper equity splits play a vital role in the success of entrepreneurial teams, yet the literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of their evolving nature. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the dynamic and evolutionary process of equity splits using longitudinal data. Through the development of a game-theory model incorporating human-capital signals, we illuminate the impact of these factors. Utilizing data from the Kauffman Firm Survey and employing fixed- and mixed-effects modeling, we uncover significant findings. Initially, financial contributions shape equity splits, but their influence diminishes as hidden human capital gains prominence. Education attainment and work experience have no direct effect, while prior entrepreneurial experience influences the initial year but not subsequent equity resplitting. Our research offers practical insights for making informed equity-split decisions in the early and later stages of ventures. Nonetheless, it’s important to note some limitations in our research stemming from the lack of information on individual entrepreneurs’ performance within entrepreneurial teams, which could enrich the measurement of hidden human capital.

Language teacher candidates of color's critical emotional work toward interrogating raciolinguistic shame

This study draws on raciolinguistic perspective (Rosa & Flores, 2017) and theorization of emotions (Benesch, 2018) to examine two teacher candidates of color's (TCCs’) experiences of racialization. Data come from two research projects the authors conducted as part of their dissertations. Findings demonstrate TCCs’ experienced raciolinguistic shame or a hovering sense of embarrassment that results from speaking marginalized linguistic varieties. Findings also show TCCs engaged in critical emotion work to challenge feelings of raciolinguistic shame by foregrounding alternative identities. Our discussion highlights how TCCs reconfigured perceptions of their linguistic dexterity and call for centering emotion work in language teacher education, as a critical component.

TOWARD A TOOL KIT FOR CURATING INDIGENOUS ART: A NON-INDIGENOUS FACILITATOR’S PERSPECTIVE

This article explores the experiences of a non-Sámi project manager and educator working with a group of Sámi curators within a unique educational program designed for the Sámi community. Based on artistic research, this study focuses on the challenges and learning opportunities encountered, emphasizing the importance of cultural exchange and understanding in the field of Indigenous art and curating. It discusses strategies applied by the non-Sámi project manager, language barriers, and the role of hands-on activities in facilitating collaboration. The research provides insights into the broader context of Indigenous curatorial practices globally and highlights the need for mutual respect and adaptation for effective collaboration in educational programs. The study’s findings contribute to discussions on navigating cultural diversity within the context of Indigenous art and curating.

The role of the pharmacist in the system of rational use of drugs for responsible self-treatment

Relevance. In the healthcare system of the Russian Federation, there is the use of drugs by the population without a physician’s appointment (including prescription leave), as well as violation of the principles of responsible self-medication. Under the current conditions, a pharmacist can play a key role in providing pharmaceutical care within the framework of responsible self-treatment and providing citizens with accessible information on the rational use of drugs.Objective. The study of the role of the pharmacist in the system of rational use of drugs by visitors of pharmacy organizations.Materials and methods. The study used methods of content analysis, sociological research (observation), comparative and mathematical statistical analysis. Regulatory documents regulating the activities of pharmacists were analyzed, as well as monitoring of pharmacy visitors who applied to a pharmacist in order to purchase drugs.Results. The professional standards of pharmacists contain requirements for ensuring or organizing the rational use of drugs by the population for the purpose of responsible self-treatment. The majority of pharmacy visitors (63.8%) purchase drugs bypassing a medical professional. A significant proportion of buyers (58.7%) do not know or approximately know what caused their poor health. At the same time, the proportion of pharmacy visitors who assume that they do not need to be prescribed by a medical professional is quite high and amounts to 41.3%.Conclusion. A low level of readiness of pharmacy visitors for the rational use of drugs has been established and the need for regular educational work on the part of pharmacists on responsible self-medication has been identified.

Student-centered school, competency development and playful, experiential mathematics learning in Hungary

As colleagues of the Faculty of Culture, Education and Regional Development at the University of Pécs (Hungary), we have been striving for decades to ensure that teachers contribute as successfully as possible to the development of the most important competencies of their students. In our thesis we highlighted three topics (each related to a renowned psychologist) we found important in our teacher training practice. Based on the work of Carl Rogers, the person-centered approach has influenced the mindset of helping professionals worldwide over the past sixty years. In the 80's we started spreading it from the Juhász Gyula Teacher Training College in Szeged, and than from the University of Pécs. John Raven's psychocybernetic approach points out that education is a complex system in which positive changes in one factor can be detrimental to overall performance due to complex interactions. When the University of Pécs awarded John Raven an honorary doctorate, it also wanted to show that we want to build more on his work in teacher education. Zoltán Pál Dienes is considered the most exciting figure in playful, experiential, exploratory mathematics learning/teaching worldwide. In the last years of his life, he also became an honorary doctor of the University of Pécs and we undertook to bring his mathematical games (learning aids) to Hungarian schools. We hope that the "Dienes method" will make everyone like this anxiety-inducing subject, which is still foreign to many students today. The trends presented in this paper can help make our educational practice more child-centered and effective if we continue to make serious efforts.

Experiences of Practical Nurses in Promoting the Rehabilitation of the Elderly and Their Education – A Secondary Publication

The significance of rehabilitation-promoting nursing care is emphasized in aging Finland. According to studies, rehabilitation-promoting nursing care enhances the functional capacity of the elderly. The Elderly Services Act obliges municipalities to create a plan to support the elderly population, emphasizing home care and rehabilitation measures. A large portion of graduated practical nurses will be working with the elderly, so the education of practical nurses must meet the needs of the workforce. The study aimed to produce new information on the implementation of rehabilitation-promoting nursing care in the elderly service system and on the education of rehabilitation-promoting nursing care for the elderly in vocational institutions. The research data was collected in the autumn of 2020 through individual thematic interviews with practical nurse students (n = 8). The data was analyzed using inductive content analysis. Practical nurse students’ experiences of rehabilitation-promoting nursing care for the elderly were related to nurses’ time management, organizational practices, nursing competence, nurses’ attitudes, nurses’ practices, organizational development, implementation and development of practical education, factors affecting the use of aids, and technological aspects of aids in the future. In conclusion, it can be stated that the content of education and practical work life do not align. It is essential to increase competence in rehabilitation-promoting nursing care and to develop organizational practices.

Community-based education and child development work for migrant children in China: a multi-dimensional citizenship approach

The primary focus of this article is to investigate the impact of community-based efforts to provide education and child development programs and service in China’s migrant communities, specifically as it pertains to the prospects of addressing sociocultural and socioeconomic inequalities in education and child development in urban China. Building on frameworks of dimensions of citizenship, this article examines the work of migrant educator-activists who provide community-based education and child development service in Beijing’s migrant communities. Their efforts to address inequalities in child development for migrant children enrich the understanding of citizenship in the Chinese context.

Effectiveness of The Education Level, Understanding of Accounting and Work Experience on the Quality of Financial Statements in The MSMEs Indonesian Local Government

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face several obstacles so that in their business it is difficult to develop, one of which lies in financial management in their business activities so that the presentation of financial statements poses its own problems for MSMEs. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of education level, accounting understanding and work experience on the quality of financial statements produced by MSMEs in MaLang City. This research approach uses quantitative techniques and measures the results using the Likert scale sourced from questionnaire data. Using agency theory and stewardship theory. The sampling technique uses a purposive sampling method with predetermined criteria. The population of this study is MSMEs in Malang City, the number of respondents who filled out questionnaires that have been distributed through whatsapp grub assisted by the MSME cooperative office in Malang City 45 respondents but who met the criteria of 38 respondents. Using analysis techniques which include validity, reliability and hypothetical tests used are R tests and T tests with the help of SPSS 25 software. The results showed that 53.4% of the influence of the quality of MSME financial statements was influenced by the variables studied. Understanding accounting has a significant positive effect on the quality of financial statements, the level of education and work experience does not affect the quality of financial statements.

Factors influencing menstrual regularity among female workers: a cross-sectional analysis study

BackgroundRegularity of menstrual cycles is an important indicator of women’s health and fertility, and female workers are exposed to several factors, such as sleep disorders, stress, and shift work, that affect their menstrual regularity. This makes it necessary to comprehensively identify the determinants of menstrual regularity. Therefore, this study identified the factors affecting menstrual regularity among female workers from physiological, psychological, and situational dimensions based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the 2010–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and utilized the data of 2418 female workers. Based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms, physiological factors included age, age at menarche, childbirth experience, body mass index, and sleep duration. Psychological factors included stress level, depressive mood, and suicidal ideation. Situational factors included education level, household income, consumption of alcohol, engagement in smoking, and work schedule. The χ²-test and hierarchical logistic regression analysis were performed, reflecting the complex sample design.ResultsAge at menarche, childbirth experience, and body mass index among physiological factors and education level and work schedule among situational factors were found to be related to menstrual regularity. A higher risk of menstrual irregularities was found among those who had given birth (versus those who had not), had a high age at menarche (versus those with a low age at menarche), were obese (versus those who had a normal body mass index), had elementary school-level or lesser educational achievements (versus those with college graduate-level or higher educational achievements), and who had a shift work schedule (versus those with a fixed schedule).ConclusionsIntervention is needed for female workers who have these risk factors, and special attention must be paid to female workers who have a shift work schedule. Additionally, since body mass index can be controlled, intervention concerning body mass index is necessary to reduce menstrual irregularity.

Форми медичного контролю на заняттях силової направленості

Medical control is a scientific and practical branch of medicine that studies the issues of physical development, functional state, and health of the human body during physical exercises and sports. The purpose of medical control is to promote the effectiveness of the physical education process in every way, the correct use of physical culture tools. Medical control is a mandatory condition for injury prevention, preservation of human health, longevity, and creative activity. The main tasks of medical control: determining the state of health and solving issues of admission to classes in various forms and groups; carrying out medical control at physical education and sports classes; diagnostics of the functional state; assessment of physical development and identification of diseases and injuries; medical provision of competitions; agitation and promotion of physical culture among the population. Forms of medical control: regular medical examinations and control of persons engaged in physical exercises and sports; medical and pedagogical observations of people who are engaged in classes and competitions; sanitary and hygienic control over the places and conditions of classes; medical and sanitary provision of mass health and sports events (in sports camps and at educational and training meetings);prevention of sports injuries and diseases; sanitary and educational work and promotion of physical culture, sports, a healthier lifestyle. Physical development is assessed using anthropometric measurements, as well as the method of questioning and external examination. Anthropometric measurements make it possible to determine the level and features of physical development, the degree of conformity to gender and age.

Optimizing Productive Waqf Management to Achieve Sustainable Development Goal's (Study of the Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI) Representative of Lampung Province)

This research involves field research using a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Subsequently, data analysis was conducted through stages of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity is ensured through source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results showed that the productive waqf managed by BWI Lampung Province is in the form of cash waqf. The management of cash waqf is carried out through three stages: collection, management, and distribution. BWI’s steps in optimizing productive waqf management involve improving BWI’s management, increasing public education about cash waqf, enhancing the use of digital technology, fostering cooperation with various stakeholders, and enhancing the competence of the nazir. Additionally, the contribution of BWI Lampung Province to the SDGs is evident in the achievement of three goals: no hunger, quality education, and decent work and economic growth. Keywords: productive Waqf, sustainable development goal’s, Indonesian Waqf Board

Aspects of Mother Knowledge Regarding Permanent Dental Trauma in Children

Tooth trauma is an injury that involves a tooth and/or involves its supporting structures leading to fractures, tooth transfusions or damage to periodontal tissue. Causes of permanent tooth trauma in children are falls, sports activities, and traffic accidents. The mother is the closest person to the child and has an important role in treating the child’s permanent tooth trauma. The aim of this study is to find out how the mother knows about the permanent tooth trauma of her 8-9 years old children. The design of this study uses observational analysis with a population of mothers of children aged 8-9 years of age of 120 and samples of 50 respondents taken using Quota sampling technique. The statistical test results are that the mother’s knowledge of permanent dental trauma has no significant relationship with the age of the mother (p value = 0,151 (> 0,05), past education (p-value = 0,258 (>0,05) work status (p-value = 0,113 (>0.05) and source of health information (p-value= 0,307( >0.05). Governments and dental professional organizations must act quickly to implement dental trauma management education and campaigns in the general public.

Реализация междисциплинарного подхода в психолого-педагогическом сопровождении детей, нуждающихся в длительном лечении в медицинских стационарах

<p style="text-align: justify;">This article is aimed at updating the specifics of implementing an interdisciplinary approach in psychological and pedagogical support for children in need of long-term treatment in medical hospitals. The publication describes the importance and possibilities of team interaction between specialists of helping professions in providing psychological and pedagogical support for children in need of long-term treatment with chronic somatic diseases. To implement an interdisciplinary approach, it was found that it is important to take into account the special needs of children in need of long-term treatment, their psychological and social characteristics. An approach to determining the current emotional state, higher mental functions, and personal characteristics of young patients studying in hospital schools is presented. Based on identified current needs, a comprehensive system of pedagogical rehabilitation and psychological and pedagogical support in a hospital school was formed, and the specifics of correctional and developmental, educational, advisory and preventive work of employees of the psychological and pedagogical support service were determined.</p>

Age and schooling are associated with job loss in the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

Brazil was one of the countries most affected by the social and economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to verify the association between job loss and region of the country, sex, age, educational status, marital status, and parenting in Brazilian workers during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional online study was performed with data from workers aged 18 years or older in any economic sector and different occupations. A sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire was applied. Data collection began on June 2020 and ended on September 2020. To estimate the degree of association between job loss and the region of the country and workers’ characteristics, binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals. The sample was composed of 1319 participants and of these, 108 (8.2%) lost their jobs in the initial months of the pandemic; 51.6% were female; 53.5% were married; 42.5% reported having children; 80.7% had a complete college education. The age and educational status were associated with job loss, with younger and less educated workers being more affected by unemployment. For women, age and educational status were associated with job loss, for men only educational status showed a significant association. Young workers, mainly women, and with less educational status were the most affected by unemployment at the beginning of the pandemic in Brazil. Thus, this group of workers proved to be more vulnerable and should be prioritized by public policies.