Educational Level Of Respondents Research Articles

Knowledge and health care seeking behavior of tuberculosis patients attending hospital in Jalalabad, Kyrgyzstan

Background: Tuberculosis is the 13th leading cause of death and the second leading infectious killer disease affecting specially low and middle income countries. In Central Asia, Kyrgystan has the highest tuberculosis incidence. The main objective of the study is to explore patient’s early health seeking behaviour and awareness of tuberculosis. Methodology: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted from January 22 to February 26, 2024 at the Tuberculosis Isolation Center in Jalalabad. The convenience sampling strategy was utilized to obtain the total sample size (260) from the hospital. Patients admitted to the hospital for the treatment of their Tuberculosis were only included in the study. Result: Out of 260 respondents who visited TB center were 26 ± 2 years with majority 34.6% in the years between 20-30, similarly regarding gender majority were male respondents with 64% where female respondents were 35.8%. In the study it shows there is a statistically significant association between age and knowledge about tuberculosis (p = 0.033). Individuals aged 20-30 tend to have better knowledge. Education level of respondents also shows significantly associated with knowledge about tuberculosis (p=0.001). Illiterate individuals and those with only primary education are more likely to have poor knowledge compared to those with secondary or higher education. Conclusion: The knowledge regarding tuberculosis was high 91.2% among TB patients similarly overall health seeking behavior of our respondents shows that 97.7% had a good health care seeking practices.

Dueling COVID-19 misinformation: Perceptions and behavior of the rural population from South Asian countries

This multi-lingual study presents the awareness, perceptions, and behavior regarding COVID-19 “misinformation” and “fake news,” among the rural population of the South Asian (SA) countries of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. The survey questionnaire was distributed to a convenient sample of 400 respondents from the three most populated SA countries selected due to their shared socio-cultural history; limited by fund availability and travel restrictions due to the prevailing lockdowns during the data collection period of early 2022. Results indicate that 92.98% of the participants perceived the presence of COVID-19 misinformation to varying degrees around them with less than 10% finding it easy to verify the accuracy of the information. The results indicate that the participants initially believed the made-up news and information to be true and then experienced fear or uncertainty upon realizing that it was fake. Results further show significant differences in perception and behavior when analyzed with the parameters of gender, age, education, and religion. Our study highlighted that female respondents perceived less than male respondents that fake news was around them, and younger participants of the study had less perception of the presence of fake news around them. The present study also found that the education level of respondents is a strong predictor of their perception of COVID-19 misinformation. Respondents with high school degrees perceived less made-up news and information than associate and master-level degree holders. The findings indicate a lack of media literacy, with a vast majority of individuals being susceptible to false information. The findings of the study will help healthcare professionals, information professionals, social workers, extension workers, and policymakers to deal with the Infodemic and further also assist in designing shared health information literacy programs across the region.

DESIGNING A VIDEO COMPANY PROFILE TI USS AS A MARKETING MEDIA BASED ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION

Nowadays, marketing is done a lot. The same thing was done by the TI USS Department. The marketing carried out is in the form of flyers, pamphlets, advertisements. However, until now this media method has not been considered effective in attracting consumers. Therefore, a research idea emerged to design a company profile video as a marketing medium. However, the design is based on consumer perception. There are ten attributes used in this research. These attributes include Facilities, Characteristics, Quality of Learning, Vision and Mission, Costs, Achievements, Accreditation, Strategic Location, Online Learning, Sentence Invitation. Then the 10 attributes were ranked to obtain the top 3 attributes, namely accreditation, strategic location and cost. These attributes require a correlation test on the characteristics of the respondents. It was found that accreditation was significantly correlated with the respondent's education level. Meanwhile, the nine attributes are not correlated. For this reason, further research needs to be carried out to review other factors. These factors include exploring interests and talents, parental support factors and career expectations factors.

Digitalization Risks in the Bioeconomy: An Enterprise-Level Perspective

The swift adoption of digitalization and transformation within enterprises and their operations had commenced prior to the onset of COVID-19, characterized by the shift towards Industry 4.0 and subsequently progressing towards Industry 5.0. However, mandated restrictions significantly amplified the necessity and drive to utilize digital tools for both businesses and consumers. New opportunities previously not utilized have arisen yet are hand in hand with several risks linked to the use of these new digital tools. The bioeconomy sector is not an exception. The study aims to consider the sector representatives’ opinions on the significance of the risks related to digitalization. The empirical results of this study stem from a survey of enterprises in the bioeconomy sector carried out in 2020 and 2021 in Latvia. The research results prove that there are many factors influencing the development of digitalization. The results notably affirm that both entrepreneurs and employees in SMEs recognize the considerable importance of these risks, particularly emphasizing the significance of security and technology risks. While the Chi-Square Test of Independence indicates a notable association between risk evaluation scores and the education level of respondents before the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, this association diminishes in 2021. Contrary to the hypothesis that individuals with higher education levels are more attentive to risks, the evidence shows inconsistency in their perception, particularly regarding professional challenges of the entrepreneur and employees to use digital tools and other risk categories. However, the relationship between higher education levels and the significance of risks pertaining to security risks, technology risks, and the skills of the clients to use digital tools is partly affirmed.

Low knowledge of national biodiversity symbols among urban South Africans limits their potential value as conservation flagship species

Abstract Most countries have declared one or more animal or plant species to be among their national symbols, termed here national biodiversity symbols. National biodiversity symbols are the species formally or informally recognised by societies and countries as having meaning to one or more of national identity, values and unity. It has been proposed previously that national biodiversity symbols can be used as flagship species to advance habitat conservation in their respective countries. However, this assumes that the symbols are well‐known and revered by the citizens of the country concerned. We examined this assumption via direct interviews with 382 urban residents in four towns in South Africa, which is a mega‐biodiversity country with five national biodiversity symbols (a national tree, flower, animal, bird and fish). We found that less than 3% of the urban respondents could name all five species, ranging from 6% for the national tree to 40% for both the national flower and national animal. Knowledge of other national symbols (flag and anthem) were equally low. The number of national biodiversity symbols known increased with income and education level of respondents. Despite limited knowledge of which species were the national biodiversity symbols, almost two‐thirds of respondents felt that having national biodiversity symbols was important for promoting national identity. These findings show that from a heritage perspective a great deal more awareness needs to be developed in South Africa around the national biodiversity symbols. From a conservation perspective, it indicates that the national biodiversity symbols are unlikely, at this stage at least, to be useful as flagship species for habitat conservation programmes. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Knowledge and Perception of Women of Reproductive Age on Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State: A Quantitative Approach

Even though Maternal health care services utilization is very important for further improvement of maternal health, limited evidence exists on the utilization of Maternal health care services among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. This has resulted into high rate of maternal mortality. Thus, this study aims to assess the knowledge and perception of women of reproductive age on utilization of Maternal health care services in Akure south local government area of Ondo State, south western Nigeria using a qualitative research methodology. Data were primarily sourced from 384 women of child-bearing age who were purposively selected across the communities in Akure south local government area through a multi-purpose sampling technique. Secondary Data were obtained from journals, hospital, records, government’s publications, newspapers, and some internet materials that are relevant to this study. Analyses of Data were carried out with the aids of descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents have good knowledge but poor perception of the Maternal health care services. Majority of the respondents opined that education and religion contributed to the utilization of Maternal health care services in the local government area. The study further revealed that there is a significant association between respondents knowledge and utilization of Maternal health care services (R= 12.29, p< 0.000). There is also a significant association between respondents religion and the utilization of Maternal health care services ( R = 8.44, P < 0.01). Significant association also exists between the respondent level of education and the use of maternal healthcare service (r =16.20, p< 0.01). But here is no significant association between the perception of the respondent and utilization of maternal healthcare service ( R =10.25, p>0.777) . The study, however, concluded that women of reproductive age in Akure South Local Government area have good knowledge and poor perception maternal healthcare service which utilization is influenced by their education especially in rural communities within the study areas and their religious affiliations. Against this background, the study recommends increased enlightenment among child- bearing women on the importance of maternal healthcare services, subsidization of cost of accessing healthcare services by the governments and NGOs, strengthening the National Health Insurance scheme to incorporate family planning into its benefit package, upgrade of the existing health facilities and establishment of more health centres in rural and semi-urban areas with explosive populations.

Demographic Factors Influencing Adoption of Modern Technologies among Tomato Smallholder Farmers: A Case of Mboga Na Matunda Project in Iringa District

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one the most useful vegetables in Africa and the world as it has contributed to income level of smallholder farmers. This study therefore assessed factors influencing the adoption of modern technologies among Tomato smallholder farmers in iringa District, Tanzania. The data were collected through interview, focus group discussion, and questionnaire from 60 respondents and analyzed by using SPSS version 20, and deductive approach method. The findings show that 83.3% of respondents were male. Age of the smallholder tomato producers, 21-40 were 70% active age group. The educational level of respondents are; primary education 51.7%, secondary education 33.3%, and post secondary education 15%. Household size 1-2 members is about 23.3%,3-4 members is 66.7%, and above 4 is 10% of respondents. The study confirm that, demographic factors including sex,age,education and household size influenced the decision making process of smallholder tomato producers of adopting technologies.

Map preference for finding one's home and neighboring homes

This paper shares findings from two surveys suggesting that people in the U.S. prefer the online map type with the satellite image over the road map for a location task of finding their residential home and neighboring homes. While satellite images were preferred, adding more detail to the that map type, such as frontal views of neighboring homes or additional identifiers on those homes did not increase preference. For road maps, we found some indication that adding elements such as the front picture of homes was more preferred by younger adults than older adults. Respondent education level or the characteristics of the neighborhood where the respondent lived did not affect map preference for this self-location task in any meaningful pattern. This preference for satellite maps matches other research findings where these maps are preferred for self-location tasks.

Analysis of Credit access and utilization among oil Palm Fruits processors in Abak Agricultural Zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The study estimated the determinants of credit access and utilization by oil palm fruit processors in Abak Agricultural Zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data was collected using questionnaire from 140 palm oil processors that were randomly selected through a multi-stage procedure and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Heckman’s two stage selection model. Findings revealed that of a total sum of N 11,256,500 accessed as credit by oil palm processors N 7, 156, 500 (63.6%) and N 4,100,000 (36.4%) were accessed from informal and formal sources respectively. Also, of the total amount of N 11,256,500 that was accessed, N 4, 165,000 (37%) was ploughed back into oil palm processing, N 6,120,354 (54.4%) was used to solve domestic problems such as hospital bills, school fees, burial, marriage etc. while 971,146, (8.6%) was invested in other ventures outsides oil palm fruit processing. Result of the determinants of credit access showed that while household size (p>0.05) and government payment (p>0.1) negatively and significantly reduced credit access, educational level of respondents (p>0.05), processing equipment ownership (p>0.01) and membership of cooperative (p>0.05) were positive and significantly influence credit access. Findings further revealed that while primary occupation (p>0.05), processing equipment ownership (p>0.05) and government payment (p>0.1) impacted positively on the amount of credit invested in oil processing, household size (p>0.01) had a significant negative influence on amount of credit and income invested in oil palm processing. Hence policies that will boost formal credit access, ensure proper monitoring of loan beneficiaries by supervisors, sensitize respondents on the need to embrace family planning as well as granting tax exemptions and giving subsidies in the form of basic production inputs are recommended among others.

CONTRIBUTION OF UMURENGE SACCOs ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN RWANDA – A CASE EVIDENCE FROM NYAMASHEKE DISTRICT, RWANDA

The study titled “Contribution of Umurenge SACCOs on financial inclusion of women entrepreneurs in Rwanda - A case evidence from Nyamasheke District” was about assessing the impact of Umurenge SACCOs as microfinances on the financial inclusion of women entrepreneurs in the area under study. The study was guided by three objectives, firstly to determine the contribution of Umurenge SACCOs on the financial inclusion of women entrepreneurs in Rwanda, second to assess the main factors influencing the financial inclusion of women entrepreneurs in Nyamasheke District and third to test whether there is a significant difference in means of women entrepreneurs’ income before and after joining the financial services delivered to them by Umurenge SACCOs. In this regard, the Multinomial Logistic Regression model was performed using a maximum likelihood estimation method on the data set collected to find the parameter estimates of the model describing the relationship between the explanatory and the outcome variables and determine the significance of the predictor variables that contribute significantly to the financial inclusion of women entrepreneurs in the area under study. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect data from 395 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS-23. In this analysis, the results revealed that on the total of eleven independent variables that we thought to contribute to the outcome variable, the explanatory variables such as age group, income, living place/location, political factor and payment of social security/type of the job of the respondents to whom the study was conducted; were dropped from the training set of explanatory variables that contribute significantly to the financial inclusion of women entrepreneurs in Nyamasheke District, Rwanda. In the model selection that overall fits well the data, the explanatory variables that contributed significantly to the outcome variable governing the study were obtained to be were education status, formal accounts, formal savings, formal credits, attractiveness of the financial products and type of job that the respondents under study possess. The parameters estimate of the selected model revealed that the predictor variables that best predicted the probability of increasing the financial inclusion status of women entrepreneurs in the area under study were education level of respondents, formal credits, formal savings and attractiveness of the financial products that Umurenge SACCOs possessed. The study also found that there was a significant difference in means of women entrepreneurs’ income before and after joining the financial services delivered by Umurenge SACCOs and finally recommended that the microfinance institutions should strengthen the policies governing the formal savings, formal credits and financial products which are attractive towards the financial performance of entrepreneurs.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0071/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Potential demand for National Health Insurance in Zimbabwe: Evidence from selected urban informal sector clusters in Harare.

Zimbabwe's tax-based healthcare financing model has been characterised by perennial financing deficits and widespread application of user fees and has thus been socially exclusive. The country's urban informal sector population is not spared from these challenges. The study explored the potential demand for National Health Insurance (NHI) among respondents from selected urban informal sector clusters of Harare. The following clusters were targeted: Glenview furniture complex, Harare home industries, Mupedzanhamo flea market, Mbare new wholesale market and Mbare retail market. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 388 respondents from the selected clusters, and data on the determinants of Willingness to Join (WTJ) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) was gathered. Respondents were recruited via a multi-stage sampling procedure. In the first stage, the five informal sector clusters were purposely selected. The second stage involved a proportional allocation of respondents by cluster size. Finally, based on the stalls allocated by municipal authorities in each area, respondents were selected using systematic sampling. The sampling interval (k) was determined by dividing the total number of allocated stalls in a cluster (N) by the sample size proportionate to that cluster (n). For each cluster, the first stall (respondent) was randomly chosen, and thereafter, a respondent from every 10th stall was selected and interviewed at their workplace. Contingent valuation was adopted to elicit WTP. Logit models and interval regression were applied for the econometric analyses. A total of 388 respondents participated in the survey. The dominant informal sector activity among the surveyed clusters was the sale of clothing and shoes (39.2%), followed by the sale of agricultural products (27.1%). Concerning employment status, the majority were own-account workers (73.1%). Most of the respondents (84.8%) completed secondary school. On monthly income from informal sector activities, the highest frequency (37.1%) was observed in the Zw$(1000 to <3000) or US$(28.57 to <85.71) category. The mean age of respondents was 36 years. Out of the 388 respondents, 325 (83.8%) were willing to join the proposed NHI scheme. WTJ was influenced by the following factors: health insurance awareness, health insurance perception, membership to a resource-pooling scheme, solidarity with the sick, and household recently experiencing difficulties paying for healthcare. On average, respondents were willing to pay Zw$72.13 (approximately US$2.06) per person per month. The key determinants of WTP were household size, respondent's education level, income, and health insurance perception. Since the majority of respondents from the sampled clusters were willing to join and pay for the contributory NHI scheme, it follows that there is potential to implement the scheme for the urban informal sector workers from the clusters studied. However, some issues require careful consideration. The informal sector workers need to be educated on the concept of risk pooling and the benefits of being members of an NHI scheme. Household size and income are factors that require special attention when deciding on the premiums for the scheme. Moreover, given that price instability hurts financial products such as health insurance, there is a need for ensuring macroeconomic stability.

PENGARUH FAKTOR EKONOMI SOSIAL TERHADAP USIA SAAT MENIKAH PELAKU PERNIKAHAN USIA DINI PADA PEREMPUAN DI KABUPATEN GIANYAR

The purpose of this study was to analyze the simultaneous effect of the respondent's education level, parental education level, premarital pregnancy and parental income on the age at marriage of female early marriage offenders in Gianyar Regency and to analyze the partial effect of respondents' education level, parental education level, premarital pregnancy and parental income on age at marriage for women in Gianyar Regency. The number of samples taken was 100 EFA wives. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that 1) Simultaneously the respondent's education level, parental education level, premarital pregnancy and parental income had a significant effect on the age at marriage for women in Gianyar Regency. 2) Partially, the respondent's education level has a positive and significant effect on the age at marriage for women in Gianyar Regency. 3) Partially the level of parental education and parental income has no effect on the age at marriage for women in Gianyar Regency. 4) Female respondents who married for reasons of pre-marital pregnancy were lower than those who married not for reasons of pre-marital pregnancy and the difference was significant.

POTENTIAL OF COLI FRUIT AS ANIMAL FEED IN MOA DISTRICT SOUTHWEST MALUKU

This study aims to determine the distribution area and population of Koli trees on Moa Island and to determine the amount of fruit and mesocarp juice in one production. This research used a survey method, simple random interviews of 30 respondents and direct observation at the research location. Research variables: Respondent profile: age, gender, education level and occupation. Coli tree population structure. Calculating the production of cauliflower and mesocarp fluid. The results of the study: Respondents' age was 23-64 years old, male sex (100%), education level of respondents: Elementary school graduates (SD) 70%, respondent's main occupation: farmer 93.33%, sideline: breeder 80.00%. Koli tree production area/sample village: 16,000m2/1.6Ha consisting of 4 lanes, area of each lane 4,000m2/0.4Ha, consisting of 4 plots, area of each plot: 1,000 m2/0.1Ha, number of coli trees per plot : 8 trees, number of koli trees in the production land area/village: 8×4×4=128 trees. Coli fruit production for 1 harvest is 20 bunches × 20 fruit = 400 fruit/tree, multiplied by the number of koli trees from one village: 400×128 = 51,200 fruit harvested 2/year: 51,200×2 = 102,400 fruit/village/year, liquid mesocarp/fruit: 260grams and 446grams. Mesocarp fluid/village: 446 gram×102,400 fruit = 45,670,400 gram/45,670.4 Kg/45.7 Ton (large fruit), 260 gram×102,400 fruit = 26,624,000 gram/26,624 Kg/26.62 Ton (small fruit). 1 year mesocarp fluid production in 3 sample villages is 79.86-137 tons/year.

Knowledge-related Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Study of Indonesian Women

Aims: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that can lead to various diseases, most known as cervical cancer’s etiology. HPV vaccination is one of the primary prevention strategies to reduce HPV transmission. To increase vaccination rates, it is essential that women have a good knowledge of receiving the HPV vaccine. The purpose of the study was to explore the knowledge of HPV vaccination among Indonesian women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 462 Indonesian women recruited by convenience sampling on March to May 2022. The adapted questionnaire of knowledge with 28 items was used with Cronbach's Alpha score estimated at 0.838. Women who are 15 to 49 years old, able to understand and speak the Indonesian language, and have a gadget were included in this study. Women who already get HPV vaccination are excluded. Univariate statistics were used to describe Indonesian women’s knowledge of HPV Vaccination. Results: The research shown that the mean age of the respondents is 23.17± 5.065. Half of the respondent level of education is college as many as 245 people (53%). Half of the respondents are employed as many as 239 people (51.7%). The average knowledge is 16.02 with a standard deviation (SD) of 6.43, the knowledge value indicates less knowledge of HPV vaccination among women. In the item analysis, found that most respondents answer incorrectly to the question “HPV testing is done to show whether the HPV vaccine is needed?" (4.3%). Most of the respondents shown did not know answered the question "HPV vaccine requires three doses" (59.3%). Most of the reasons for refusing to be vaccinated answered that the price of the vaccine was not affordable (45.5%). Conclusion: Women’s knowledge of the HPV vaccine was nearly low in this study. The campaign and effort to spread the information related to HPV vaccination are needed. Innovative media might be the best option to spread awareness. Studies with a large sample and broad range of area are preferable.

Examining the level of public awareness on the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa: An empirical evidence from Ghana.

Nations which are part of the United Nations are required to institute appropriate measures to fulfil the vision of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, for this to be possible, all stakeholders including the general public need to be fully aware of the SDGs. This research examined the level of public awareness about the SDGs among Ghanaians based on the views of 431 respondents. Means, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis and Pearson Product-Moment Correlations were used for data analysis. The study found that awareness level on SDG 1 (ending poverty), SDG 2 (zero hunger, food security, nutrition and sustainable agriculture), SDG 3 (health and well-being), SDG 5 (gender equality), and SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation) was high among Ghanaians. However, awareness level on SDG 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure), SDG 14 (conservation of life below water), and SDG 16 (peace, justice and strong institutions) was very low among Ghanaians. No significant difference manifested in the level of awareness among male and female Ghanaians. There were statistically significant differences in educational levels of respondents and their overall level of awareness of the SDGs. Also, there was a low, negative correlation between overall level of awareness and the effectiveness of the communication strategies used in creating awareness about the SDGs. Government should re-examine its communication strategies on the SDGs and put in place a more effective communication policy framework which involves grassroots populations and local communities.

Исследование тревожности, коммуникативных навыков и когнитивных процессов у одаренных детей

The research purpose is to study children's anxiety, communication skills and cognitive processes (memory, thinking) of gifted children in various directions – scientific, creative, sports. The research used: questionnaire for collecting general information, M.I. Rozhkov’s methodology “Diagnostics of communication formation as interaction of younger schoolchildren” for assessing sociability, “10 words” for memory diagnostics. Methods for studying thinking were: “Exclusion of excess”, ‘Identification of essential features”. The CMAS (The Children's Form of Manifest Anxiety Scale) was used to diagnose anxiety. The research sample consists of gifted children aged 10 to 18 years. The education level of respondents is not homogeneous, schoolchildren and college students took part in the study. As a result of the data obtained by the research group, conclusions can be drawn about the mental state of gifted children. High results in the development of cognitive processes were obtained during the analysis of the methods “10 words”, “Exclusion of words”, “Identification of essential features”. Mainly the average level of sociability is noted according to the results of the methodology of M.I. Rozhkov. The method of diagnosing the level of anxiety CMAS showed predominantly normal and somewhat elevated levels of anxiety among respondents. In the future it is planned to create correctional programs for psychological support of gifted children of different age categories, education levels and orientations. This research enables to create a psychological portrait of a gifted child and identify the main issues that can be solved with the help of psychological support and correction.

HUSBAND INVOLVEMENT IN DISCONTINUING IMPLANT CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN INDONESIA

Introduction: Efforts to control population growth in Indonesia by increasing the use of contraceptives continue to be improved so that the TFR of 2.1 in 2024 can be achieved. However, in practice, there is still discontinuation of the use of contraceptive methods. One of them is the implant method. This research aims to analyze husband involvement of implant discontinuation in Indonesia. Method: This study used a cross-sectional study design. Data of this study were based on the results of IDHS 2017, with 1153 samples. This research was analyzed using Chi-square test Logistic Regression test with significance level α=0.05. Result: Characteristics of respondents, husband's employment, decision to use, consent to use, preferences of husbands for the number of children, determination of income for FP device and categories of husband involvement are not related significantly while the husband's education level and discussions about FP were significant with implant discontinuation. Variables that become risk factors for implant discontinuation are respondents who do not work, wealth index (very poor, poor, middle and rich), education level of respondents who do not attend school and academy level; husband not involved in the decision to use the FP device, does not give consent to the use the FP device; preference of husbands for the number of children is the same/more than the respondent; and husband not involved in determining the income for the FP device. Conclusion: To reduce the drop-out rate for implants, it is necessary to increase the husband's education and involvement in discussing family planning.

INFLUENCE OF SOCIOECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS ON MALARIA DISEASE RESURGENCE AMONG THE ADULT RESIDENTS OF ISIOLO SUB-COUNTY IN KENYA

This study evaluated the determinants of malaria disease resurgence among the adult residents of Isiolo Sub-County in Kenya. The following specific objectives guided this research; to establish the influence of the level of awareness on malaria disease resurgence among the adult residents of Isiolo Sub-county in Kenya.to evaluate demographic characteristics influencing malaria disease resurgence among the adult residents of Isiolo Sub-county in Kenya, to investigate socio-economic characteristics influencing malaria disease resurgence among adult residents of Isiolo Sub-county in Kenya.to determine the influence of environmental characteristics on malaria disease resurgence among adult residents of Isiolo Sub-county in Kenya, to assess the influence of malaria disease resurgence interventions on malaria disease resurgence among the adult residents of Isiolo Sub-county in Kenya, This was a descriptive study, employing a cross-sectional study design. The researcher used mixed research methodology in this study which employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. Stratified sampling techniques were used for sampling the study respondents. The residents of Isiolo Sub-county, key informant interviewers and NGOs/CBO based focus group discussion constituted the target population. The study respondents were selected from five different wards of Isiolo Sub-county with a Sample size of 392 comprised of 385 respondents randomly selected for quantitative data and 7 key informants and focus group discussion for qualitative data. The study used interview guides to collect data from key informants. Quantitative data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. SPSS version 25.0 was used in quantitative data analysis while qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The study received 100% response rate almost balance by gender as approximately 55% of respondents were male and 45% were female. Education levels of respondents varied because there were respondents without formal education while others had attained a tertiary level of education. Respondents experienced malaria resurgence in the study as evidenced by knowledge of malaria disease symptoms, causative agents of malaria disease, mode of transmission, treatment and intervention strategies among others. This study established that all the characteristics considered in this research had some level of influence on the resurgence of malaria disease in the study site as deduced by regression analysis model whose, R2 = 0.453, F- 1.385 = 316.804, P = 0.000 for socioeconomic, Beta- coefficient = 0.410, p=0.000 for an environmental factor, in all p &amp;lt; 0.05 at CI=95%. The study recommends that policymakers in Isiolo Sub-county should consider formulating policies that support education for the residents since a big percentage 58% had not attended any form of schooling. This study concluded that different malaria intervention strategies were implemented in the research site aimed at taming the resurgence of malaria disease but had mixed results. The researcher recommended that Policy makers and NGOs/CBOs sought to allocate additional resources in support of educating residents about malaria disease and how to control it since prevention is usually cheaper than treatment in their intervention programs to curb malaria resurgence in the study area. The researcher also recommended further research on the reasons behind a big percentage of residents of the Isiolo Sub-county not attending or enrolling in a formal school system.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0946/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Identifying And Exploring Bias In Public Opinion On Scarce Resource Allocation During The COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic offers an opportunity to examine public opinion regarding the allocation of scarce medical resources. In this conjoint experiment on a nationally representative sample of US adults, we examined how a range of patient characteristics affect respondents' willingness to allocate a ventilator between two patients with equal likelihood of short-term survival and how this differs by respondents' attributes. Respondents were 5.5percentage points less likely to allocate a ventilator to a patient with a disability than to a nondisabled patient. Disability bias was correlated with older age cohorts and higher education levels of respondents. Liberal and moderate respondents were more likely to give a ventilator to Black and Asian patients than to White patients. Conservatives were much less likely to allocate a ventilator to transgender patients than to cisgender patients. These findings demonstrate the importance of bias mitigation and civil rights enforcement in health policy making, especially under conditions of scarcity.

COMMUNITY ORIENTED POLICING AND PREVENTION OF TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES IN RWANDA: A CASE OF RUBAVU DISTRICT

The research project was conducted in Rubavu District under the topic of assessment of community oriented policing and homeland security in Rwanda, case study of Rubavu District. The general objectives the contribution of community oriented policing strategies on home Land security in Rubavu District. Specifically, the researcher assessed the to establish the contribution of community partnership on home land security in Rubavu District, to assess the contribution of training on home land security in Rubavu District and to find out the relationship between Decentralize decision making and home land security in Rubavu District. The research project employed a descriptive research design with a mixed approach including qualitative and quantitative with respondents of 100 participants. The analysis was done with IBM SPSS version 21.0. The questionnaire was the primary method of data collection. The results were presented in Tables. The findings demonstrated that males dominated the socio-demographic of respondents from Rubavu District; about age, the majority was in the range of adult’s persons between 36-65 years dominated the age, the majority of respondents was married. About education level of respondents, the majority of respondent has finished secondary school (A2) and. regarding the occupation, the majority is public servants. Regarding community partnership on homeland security in Rubavu District, the findings shown that there is effective collaboration with community night patrol to fight crimes (41%). The communities work with community security committee for problem solving (45%). The citizens of Rubavu District provide willingly, timely information to community security (39%). Furthermore, the population of Rubavu District willingly contributes to ensure homeland safety services in partnership with the private security companies (47%). Regarding community training on home land security in Rubavu, the findings indicated that community security committee willingly contributes to solve problem of security due to the training given (43%) to contribute on homeland security in Rubavu district. Particular training on community policing contribute to prevention of crimes and problem solving (41%), The officers willingly provide the training on engagement of community problem solving (49%) that training contribute to homeland security in Rubavu District and Private security companies contribute in the training of communities on measures of crimes prevention (32%) that training contribute to homeland security in Rubavu District. Regarding relationship between decentralize decision making and home land security in Rubavu District, the findings indicated that District security committee willingly be flexible to make decision when community-policing committee decided (45%). The local community Security Council willingly made decision about community security and approved (37%). Furthermore, the local communities decision about crimes and miss behavior is approved by district security council (36%) and the local community security committee and private security companies reporting suspicious behaviour to district security council(37%). The model summary results indicated that the independent variables explained 85.2 percent of the variation in community oriented policing strategies on home Land security in Rubavu District, as measured by an adjusted R2 of 85.2 percent, while other variables outside the model and the error term explained 4.8 percent. The correlation results indicated that there is high significant correlation between community partnership and community training with Pearson correlation equal to 0.265±0.001. The same way there is a correlation between community partnership and decentralization (decentralize decision-making) (0.513±0.000). There is a positive correlation between community training and decentralize decision-making (0.431±0.000). The researcher found that there was the contribution of community oriented policing strategies on home Land security in Rubavu District. In additional, a research recommended to mobilize more the youth to be involved in Security Council committee. For more enhancing to the Vigilantes to be given basic training on conduct of their operations and information management. Moreover, the local authorities should do the needful and sensitize the people on the need for homeland security if they are to participate in it fully.&#x0D;