Reproductive Health Education Research Articles

Instagram as a Media for Reproductive Health Education In Young Women

The Indonesian Demographic Health Survey for Adolescent Reproductive Health in 2017 shows that there are still various health problems including low levels of knowledge related to unwanted pregna ncies, abortions and sexually transmitted infections. Knowledge of reproductive health is important for adolescents to deal with various physical and psychological changes they experience and prevent problems due to negligence in reproductive health. The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of health education through Instagram in increasing adolescent knowledge about reproductive health. This study is a pre-experimental research with one group pretest posttest design. The number of samples used were 50 female adolescene using Instagram. Sample is selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a guttman scale and analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The statistical test results obtained a p- value of 0.000 (p

“It’s not just some cookie cutter that you have to fit into”: A qualitative study of immigrant women and girls’ needs, experiences, and barriers to sexual and reproductive health education in Canada

“<i>It’s not just some cookie cutter that you have to fit into</i>”: A qualitative study of immigrant women and girls’ needs, experiences, and barriers to sexual and reproductive health education in Canada

PENGARUH EDUKASI KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP PERILAKU SEKSUAL PRANIKAH DI SMKN 11 KABUPATEN TANGERANG

Actions that can be risky for adolescent reproductive health are engaging in premarital sexual behavior, drug abuse, violence, dating, smoking, drinking alcohol, and others. Premarital sexual behavior often results in unwanted pregnancies, contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), abortion, and maternal death. One form of preventive action to maintain adolescent reproductive health today is to provide education or counseling with media that is interesting and liked by students such as animated videos. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of providing reproductive health education with animated video media on adolescent knowledge and attitudes related to premarital sexual behavior at SMKN 11 Tangerang Regency. This research method used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study was 125 class X students of SMKN 11 Tangerang Regency. Sampling used a random sampling technique so that the number of samples was 25 people who were adjusted to the research inclusion criteria. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Data processing was carried out using paired ¬t-tests at α = 5%. The results of the study showed an increase in knowledge from good as many as 5 people (20%) to 24 people (96%), sufficient as many as 15 people (60%) to 1 person (4%), lacking as many as 5 people (20%) to 0% after providing reproductive health education. The results of the T-test showed that there was an effect of providing health education on the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents regarding premarital sexual behavior at SMKN 11 Tangerang Regency (p-value = 0.0001 ≤ α = 0.05). In conclusion, providing reproductive health education has an effect on the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards premarital sexual behavior at SMKN 11 Tangerang Regency.

Studying Mothers' Knowledge and Perceptions of Adolescent Reproductive Health

Correction of: https://wmmjournal.org/index.php/wmm/article/view/142 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36749/wmm.4.1.8-16.2024 Background: Reproductive health education is obtaining information and forming attitudes and beliefs about sex, sexual identity, relationships, and intimacy. Mothers are the primary caregivers and have an essential role in providing reproductive health and sexual education to adolescents. Parents' lack of reproductive health education triggers deviation; therefore, parents, especially mothers, can provide comprehensive reproductive health education to prevent free sexual behaviour and sexual crimes in adolescents. Purpose: To measure the knowledge and perception of mothers about adolescent reproductive health Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a descriptive design. The study involved 135 respondents who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Analysis using descriptive, T-test and Pearson correlation. Results: More than 50% of respondents answered that adolescents' reproductive health education should be parents' responsibility and education should begin during elementary school. There was a correlation between mothers' knowledge and perception of adolescent reproductive health (r=0.44, p&lt;0.001). Most mothers were afraid of providing sex education due to their ignorance of teaching methods and their lack of knowledge, and mothers wanted to learn about adolescent reproductive health from experts. Conclusion: Mothers want to learn more about sex education from experts or health workers. They were interested in male/female sexual structure and sexual physiology. Open communication between mother and child on sex-related issues is essential. Providing accurate and up-to-date sex education information to parents is vital to effectively educating their children at home.

O-068 Educating young people about reproductive health

Abstract Comprehensive sex and reproductive health education is crucial for promoting overall health and wellbeing, as it plays a vital role in dispelling misinformation, fostering positive attitudes toward reproductive health, and empowering informed decision-making among young people. Despite its recognised importance by global entities such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), comprehensive sex and reproductive health education remains insufficient worldwide. This inadequacy is a multifaceted issue, stemming from various factors, including governmental policies, social norms, cultural beliefs, inadequate curriculum, and insufficient teacher training. Schools, as primary providers of reproductive health education, often prioritise pregnancy prevention over other important reproductive health topics, leading to significant gaps in students' knowledge, further prompting young individuals to seek supplementary knowledge from external sources, like the internet or social media. To address this disparity and to promote reproductive health awareness, the International Reproductive Health Education Collaboration (IRHEC) was established in 2019 and aims to provide educational resources for the public, teachers and health professionals. The IRHEC have created a teaching guide specifically for teachers to cover all aspects of reproductive health, to be used in schools globally. To develop this resource, it has been essential to determine what is taught in schools and the attitudes of teenagers to reproductive health education and family building. In the UK, we examined the curriculum in the four nations and huge gaps were identified in reproductive health education. Subsequently, a survey was conducted with 931, 16–18-year-olds in England and pupils were asked their views on their education, if they had been taught about a list of reproductive health topics in school and their attitudes to these topics. They reported that topics around pregnancy prevention were taught, such as contraception (90%), and sexually transmitted infections (90%) but key subjects such as fertility (30%) endometriosis (3%) and PCOS (2%) were not taught. This survey has been repeated in Belgium, Greece and Japan and similar patterns observed. Teenagers in the UK (21%) and Belgium (18%) rated their school sex and reproductive health education to be either poor or very poor compared to teenagers in Japan (3%). In the UK, Belgium, and Japan, young people have similar future parenthood intentions. Most young people in the UK (64%), Japan (60%), and Belgium (60%) want to have children in the future. A higher percentage of young people in Japan (70%) expressed a desire for two children compared to those in Belgium (60%), Greece (53%) and the UK (49%). To ensure comprehensive sex and reproductive health education, efforts must be tailored to the needs of each community and demographic. Collaboration among policymakers, educators, healthcare professionals, and communities is essential to enhance school curricula to include a broader spectrum of reproductive health topics and promote culturally sensitive educational approaches. By doing this, we can empower young people with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate their reproductive health journey with confidence. There is an urgent need for a concerted action to bridge knowledge gaps and ensure that young people receive comprehensive sex and reproductive health education.

O-067 An update from the international reproductive health education collaboration

Abstract Most people want children, but many do not achieve their parenthood goals. Research shows that both men and women have limited knowledge about fertility and the factors that affect it. This includes poor knowledge about the impact of age, the most important determinant of the chance to conceive and have a healthy baby. As age at first birth is increasing in many countries, people increasingly seek assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment due to age-related infertility. To allow people to make informed decisions about if and when to have children and to avoid age-related infertility, they need evidence-based and accessible information about fertility. Fertility awareness is defined by the World Health Organisation as ‘the understanding of reproduction, fecundity, fecundability, and related individual risk factors (e.g. advanced age, sexual health factors such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity) and non-individual risk factors (e.g. environmental and workplace factors); including the awareness of societal and cultural factors affecting options to meet reproductive family planning, as well as family building needs’. In 2019, an international collective of reproductive health researchers and health professionals convened to promote fertility education for the public, teachers, and health professionals. Initially called the International Fertility Education Initiative (IFEI), in 2022 the group integrated into ESHRE. In 2023, the group rebranded as the International Reproductive Health Education Collaboration (IRHEC) (www.eshre.eu/IRHEC) to reflect a life course perspective that goes beyond childbearing and includes education about all aspects of reproductive health, from puberty to menopause. The mission statement of the IRHEC is ‘To increase reproductive health awareness using the life course approach, in order to improve reproductive health and facilitate decision-making in family planning among adolescents, people of reproductive age, primary healthcare, education professionals, and policymakers through development, evaluation and dissemination of inclusive educational resources.’ We aim for our website to be a repository for a range of reproductive health educational resources for the public, health and education professionals, and researchers. This includes some resources developed by the group. In this first IRHEC report to the ESHRE conference we will describe the committee structure, the processes for joining the IRHEC Network and for nominations and elections of committee members and introduce current IRHEC committee members. We will also provide updates on completed resources to be launched during 2024 and on current and potential future projects including: • An updated fertility education poster for young people. It is based on a poster developed in 2019 which has been redesigned in response to research conducted with young people in Denmark, Sweden, and the UK. The poster is available in many different languages on the IRHEC website. • Twelve information leaflets with more in depth information on various aspects of reproductive health which have been co-designed with young people. These are also available and free to download from our website. • After years of working with schools, and a public consultation last year, IRHEC has developed a resource to help teachers deliver reproductive health education to students. It is freely available to all teachers around the world and can be used in full or in part depending on teachers’ needs. • Preparations are underway to seek funding to evaluate the teachers’ resource. We plan to use qualitative research in the first instance to explore teachers’ views on the usefulness of the resource, what parts they would use, and whether the topics covered, and the level of detail are appropriate. • We are also examining how social media can be used to deliver reproductive health education. Through this work we want to empower everyone with evidence-based education on reproductive health.

O-109 Reproductive health education: collaborative design of a learning platform for secondary school education involving reproductive health experts, pupils, and teachers

Abstract Study question Which reproductive health information do pupils miss in their education and what is the optimal way of building a learning platform to close that gap? Summary answer Teachers and students alike would welcome a novel fertility education platform. Ideally, the platform should organize information based on the educational objectives for enhanced usability. What is known already Research on fertility awareness in the general population reveals lack of understanding among young people regarding crucial aspects of reproductive health, for example the age-related impact on fertility. Literature suggests that this knowledge gap should be addressed through diverse channels, including schools. Presently, school sexual education predominantly concentrates on preventing unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. Notably, the updated educational objectives in Flemish Secondary Education have recently incorporated the influence of lifestyle factors on fertility. Consequently, teachers have been urged to create novel instructional materials centered on this crucial theme. Study design, size, duration This mixed-method observational study encompassed a baseline measurement with open and closed questions among 1700 third-grade secondary education pupils. Additionally, it involved focus group discussions with 6 teachers and 24 pupils. The baseline measurement occurred between February and April 2022, while the focus group interviews took place in April and May 2022. Participants/materials, setting, methods A baseline measurement examined the knowledge of secondary school pupils aged between 15 and 19 years in Flanders (Belgium), explored current sexual education topics, their evaluations, and preferences for future reproductive health education. Focus group discussions investigated optimal delivery methods and structural frameworks for fertility learning materials. Main results and the role of chance Survey results revealed that most pupils desired more information on reproductive issues, with some expressing a preference for a dedicated weekly course. Over 50% noted the absence of discussions about infertility, IVF, and egg freezing topics in school and expressed a desire for more information, a sentiment that was echoed in the focus groups with pupils. Teachers, in their focus groups, favored an online platform with structured teaching materials aligned with learning goals. With anticipated new learning goals by September 2023, teachers welcomed fertility-specific learning materials. Their preference went out to versatile resources (videos, quizzes, infographics) rather than ready-made courses or presentations, providing flexibility in lesson integration. Considering these insights, the following platform was developed: www.allesovervruchtbaarheid.be/en. Ongoing refinement occurred through workshops where teachers provided feedback for further enhancements to meet their instructional needs. Limitations, reasons for caution A limited number of motivated teachers participated in the focus group discussions. Structured feedback collection has not taken place yet but is scheduled for February 2024. Wider implications of the findings Implementing fertility education in secondary schools poses challenges due to an overloaded curriculum. The introduction of new learning goals, including one on the impact of lifestyle on fertility, provided an opportune momentum to integrate a fertility education learning platform. Trial registration number not applicable

The effectiveness of HIV/AIDS education models for adolescents with speech disabilities

Adolescents with disabilities deserve the best health care without discrimination. They can access gender-sensitive health care and rehabilitation. Health services include promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative care. HIV and AIDS prevention in disabled people must start as soon as possible. Those with speech disabilities are encouraged to reach their full independence potential in case of an incident. This study tested an HIV/AIDS education model for speech-impaired people. At Indonesia's School of Disability, a non-randomized control group pre- and post-test design was used. In the study, 60 speech-impaired students were divided into 30 intervention and 30 control groups. Analyses used T-tests. Speech-disabled people's knowledge and attitudes improved with the virtual HIV/AIDS education model (P=0.007). Therefore, the HIV/AIDS education model should be implemented using virtual platforms to improve knowledge and attitudes, especially among speech-disabled teens. Virtual reproductive health education for children with speech disabilities improves knowledge and attitudes more than traditional methods, especially among visually impaired children.

Normal Pregnancy Care and Physiology and Select Pregnancy Complications: A Flipped Classroom Case for the OB/GYN Clerkship.

This module teaches core knowledge and skills for undergraduate medical education in reproductive health, providing instruction in the management of normal and abnormal pregnancy and labor utilizing interactive small-group flipped classroom methods and case-based instruction. Advance preparation materials were provided before the education session. The 2-hour session was facilitated by clinical educators using a faculty guide. Using voluntary surveys, we collected data to measure satisfaction among obstetrics and gynecology clerkship students and facilitators following each education session. Capturing six clerkships spanning 9 months, 116 students participated, and 64 students completed the satisfaction survey, with 97% agreeing that the session was helpful in applying knowledge and principles to common clinical scenarios. Most students (96%) self-reported that they achieved the session's learning objectives utilizing prework and interactive small-group teaching. Nine clinical instructors completed the survey; all agreed the provided materials allowed them to facilitate active learning, and the majority (89%) agreed they spent less time preparing to teach this curriculum compared to traditional didactics. This interactive flipped classroom session meets clerkship learning objectives related to the management of pregnancy and labor using standardized materials. The curriculum reduced preparation time for clinical educators as well.

Current State, Challenges, and Opportunities of the School-Based Sexual and Reproductive Health Education in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review

Sexual and reproductive health education for adolescents remains crucial for Indonesia as it is home for more than 44 million teenagers as of 2022, in its way to anticipate demographic bonus in 2030. Government Regulation no. 61 of 2014 concerning Reproductive Health mandates sexual and reproductive health education in formal and informal education settings. By using a systematic literature review (SLR) method, this study assesses the current state of school-based sexual and reproductive health education in Indonesia. Findings reveal that the delivery of sexual and reproductive health education in Indonesian schools is fragmented, spread across various subjects such as Biology, Sports, Religious, Civic and Moral education classes, as well as extracurricular activities. Key stakeholders, including families, teachers, peers, and school principals, play crucial roles in shaping adolescents' understanding of reproductive health. However, challenges such as cultural taboos, easy access to potentially misleading online information, and inadequate teacher training hinder effective education. In addition, Comprehensive Sexual Education (CSE) has been suggested by WHO to be implemented and integrated in the core curriculum, with programs like SETARA pilot project showing promise in improving adolescent knowledge and attitudes towards reproductive health. However, the success of such programs requires cooperation from various stakeholders and a shift in societal norms regarding adolescent sexuality.

The pathways to reproductive health education for women with physical disabilities in vietnam

ObjectiveTo examines the access to reproductive health information by women with physical disabilities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. MethodsAn ethnography was used in this research. Data collection was conducted by using observations, photovoice, and in-depth interview with 30 participants, which including 20 women with physical disabilities, 5 healthcare providers, and 5 key informants. ResultsResearch findings revealed that women with physical disabilities had variable reproductive health knowledge with some women being more informed than others. They obtained reproductive health knowledge via four pathways: family, school, community, and self-learning via peers and the Internet. They learned different types of information from these sources, but their reproductive health resources remained limited, leading to very little reproductive health knowledge for women. ConclusionMost women in this research are not educated by family members about reproductive health issues due to the Vietnamese cultural and social norms about sexual and reproductive health and ideas about disability. Some women have the opportunity to complete grade 9 and higher education levels, hence they are able to access authorized information via biology classes and other sexual and reproductive health training courses. Some recommendations are given including [1] Comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education should be taught in schools; [2] The Ministry of Education and Training works with NGOs to provide more authoritative sexual and reproductive health documents or workplace training for all people with disabilities; [3] Social policy makers in Vietnam should review their policies regarding improving the quality of life of people with disabilities.

Trends, spatiotemporal variation and decomposition analysis of pregnancy termination among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Ethiopian demographic and health survey, from 2000 to 2016

BackgroundPregnancy termination is a major public health problem, and complications of unsafe abortion are among the proximate and major causes of maternal mortality. Mapping the trend and spatiotemporal variation and identifying factors that are responsible for the changes in pregnancy termination help achieve the sustainable development goal of reducing maternal mortality in Ethiopia by understanding the epidemiology and regional variations. MethodsData from the 2000–2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed with a total weighted sample of 40,983 women of reproductive age. Variables with a p-value <0.05 in a logit multivariable decomposition analysis were considered significant predictors of the decline in pregnancy termination over time. Spatial analysis was used separately for each survey to show the changes in regional disparities in pregnancy termination in Ethiopia. ResultsThe magnitude of pregnancy termination among women of reproductive age decreased by 39.5 %, from 17.7 % in 2000 to 10.7 % in 2016. The difference in the effects of literacy, working status, marital status, age at first intercourse, age at first cohabitation, knowledge about contraceptives, and knowledge of the ovulatory cycle were the significant predictors that contributed to the change in pregnancy termination over time. Significant clusters of pregnancy terminations were observed in central and northern Ethiopia (Addis Ababa, eastern Amhara, and Tigray regions). ConclusionsDespite the substantial decrease in terminated pregnancies over time in Ethiopia, the magnitude is still high. The government should focus on promoting education for girls and women, providing reproductive health education, including access to contraceptives, and raising the minimum age for girls to engage in sexual activities or marriage by implementing policies.

Adolescent Reproductive Health Education as an Effort to Increase Reproductive Health Knowledge and Marriage Readiness in Mancasan Kleben Village

Adolescent Reproductive Health Education as an Effort to Increase Reproductive Health Knowledge and Marriage Readiness in Mancasan Kleben Village

Reproductive health education and early sexual behavior prevention assistance for Madrasah Aliyah students in Bandung

Health reproduction knowledge is a crucial factor in preventing acts of early sexual behavior. Early sexual behavior is reflected in many ways, from attraction to different sexes to building a relationship and making physical contact. Adequate knowledge of sexuality in teenagers especially in health reproduction would prevent teenagers from acting in early sexual behavior. This activity aims to increase knowledge about the health of reproductive organs and the prevention of early sexual intercourse among Madrasah Aliyah students. The method used is education regarding the health of reproductive organs, pre-marital sexual psychology, and social jurisprudence approaches. All material is presented interestingly and interactively. This activity found that 63 percent of the participants had previous knowledge of this topic. More than 50 percent of respondents were students, and students had quite good knowledge about reproductive health. Madrasah Aliyah students already have sufficient knowledge about reproductive health, but it has not yet been seen whether it is enough to prevent students from premature sexual behavior. However, we do not have any data regarding the act of early sexual behavior among respondents or how knowledge in health reproduction would relate to the act of early sexual behavior.

Edukasi Literasi Kesehatan Reproduksi tentang Manajemen Preventif Leukorhea pada Santriwati

Teenager is an age group that is in a transitional period of human development. The transition period is the process of biological maturation into adults who can reproduce sexually and has the potential for all the consequences of sexual activity. Vaginal discharge is a problem that is often encountered after women experience puberty and may indicate a normal phenomenon, an infection, or other conditions. Healthy, clean-living behavior related to reproductive health in teenagers has a significant correlation with the level of knowledge and daily behavior of teenagers that affect leukorrhea. To increase the awareness of female students at the Modern Assalam Islamic Boarding School regarding clean and healthy living behavior in the field of healthy female reproduction system with support from health professionals and preventive education on leucorrhoea. This service activity was conducted with a total of 60 participants who were involved in filling out the pretest and post-test. The activity phase included initial studies through student-teacher discussions, preparation of learning materials and evaluation methods, and implementation of learning activities and evaluations. A total of 60 female students who took part in this reproductive health education activity got a preventive education knowledge, proved by comparing the pretest scores before the health education activity was carried out and the post-test after the educational activity. A significant increase was obtained with a rate of 93%. Activities related to leucorrhoea in female students show the effectiveness of significant improvement in the knowledge and enthusiasm of the participants.

Edukasi Literasi Kesehatan Reproduksi tentang Manajemen Preventif Leukorhea pada Santriwati

Teenager is an age group that is in a transitional period of human development. The transition period is the process of biological maturation into adults who can reproduce sexually and has the potential for all the consequences of sexual activity. Vaginal discharge is a problem that is often encountered after women experience puberty and may indicate a normal phenomenon, an infection, or other conditions. Healthy, clean-living behavior related to reproductive health in teenagers has a significant correlation with the level of knowledge and daily behavior of teenagers that affect leukorrhea. To increase the awareness of female students at the Modern Assalam Islamic Boarding School regarding clean and healthy living behavior in the field of healthy female reproduction system with support from health professionals and preventive education on leucorrhoea. This service activity was conducted with a total of 60 participants who were involved in filling out the pretest and post-test. The activity phase included initial studies through student-teacher discussions, preparation of learning materials and evaluation methods, and implementation of learning activities and evaluations. A total of 60 female students who took part in this reproductive health education activity got a preventive education knowledge, proved by comparing the pretest scores before the health education activity was carried out and the post-test after the educational activity. A significant increase was obtained with a rate of 93%. Activities related to leucorrhoea in female students show the effectiveness of significant improvement in the knowledge and enthusiasm of the participants.

Individual and community-level factors associated with repeat induced abortion among women in Ghana: a multivariable complex sample logistic regression analysis of 2017 Ghana maternal health survey

BackgroundRepeat induced abortion is a serious public health issue that has been linked to adverse maternal health outcomes. However, knowledge about repeat induced abortion and its associated factors among reproductive age women in Ghana is very scarce. The objective of this study is to examine individual and community factors associated with repeat induced abortion in Ghana which would be helpful to design appropriate programmes and policies targeted at improving the sexual and reproductive health of women.MethodsWe used secondary cross-sectional data from the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey. The study included a weighted sample of 4917 women aged 15–49 years with a history of induced abortion. A multivariable complex sample logistic regression analysis was used to investigate individual and community factors associated with repeat induced abortion among women in Ghana. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to measure the association of variables.ResultsOf the 4917 reproductive women with a history of abortion, 34.7% have repeat induced abortion. We find that, compared to women who experience single induced abortion, women who experience repeat abortion are age 25–34 years (AOR:2.16;95%CI = 1.66–2.79) or 35–49 years (AOR:2.95;95%CI:2.18–3.99), have Middle/JHS education (AOR:1.69;95%CI = 1.25–12.27), use contraceptive at the time of conception (AOR:1.48: 95%CI = 1.03–2.14), had sexual debut before 18 years (AOR:1.57; 95%CI: 1.33–1.85) and reside in urban areas (AOR:1.29;95%CI = 1.07–1.57). On the other hand, women who reside in Central (AOR:0.68;95%CI: 0.49–0.93), Northern (AOR:0.46;95%CI:0.24–0.88), Upper West (AOR:0.24; 95%CI: 0.12–0.50) and Upper East (AOR:0.49; 95%CI = 0.24–0.99) regions were less likely to have repeat induced abortion.ConclusionThe study showed that both individual and community level determinants were significantly associated with repeat induced abortion. Based on the findings, it is recommended to promote sexual and reproductive health education and more emphasis should be given to adult, those with early sexual debut, those with Middle/JHS education and those who live in urban centers.

Young adult’s views on using a poster to learn about fertility: redesigning the fertility education poster

Fertility awareness should be taught to everyone. The International Reproductive Health Education Collaboration (IRHEC) designed a fertility poster in 2019 but did not have a specific target group in mind. Studies have been conducted in Denmark and Sweden to determine how the poster can be redesigned. In this study, we carried out focus groups with young adults in the UK to ask their views of the poster, with the aim of redesigning it. Six focus groups were undertaken with twenty seven, 18–25 year olds. Five questions were asked: 1. What are your thoughts, feelings, and reactions to the poster? 2. Did you learn anything from the poster? 3. How has reading the poster impacted your opinions or thoughts about having children? 4. What are your opinions about using a poster format to inform and start reflections regarding family building? 5. Reading through each point are there any changes to be made? Content analysis was performed. Themes identified revealed the information on the poster gave the participants some anxiety and apprehension, especially regarding the effect of age on fertility, perceptions of IVF, and gaps in knowledge. The fertility education poster is a good resource for education, but other resources should be developed.

The effect of web based reproductive health education on sexual myths and risky behaviours in university students: a randomised controlled trial

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effect of web-based reproductive health education provided to university students in Turkey on their belief in sexual myths and risky behaviours. A randomised controlled trial was conducted in a state university between March-October 2021 with 96 students. The web-based health education was developed using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model, and was delivered by means of a special platform. An intervention group of 48 students received 5 modules of education, while a control group of 48 students received none. Performance on two scales measuring information gained and risk behaviours, and sexual myths, respectively, was assessed at the beginning of the study and 5 weeks following the intervention. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups on both scales at the final evaluation. Additionally, a significant difference was observed in final sexual myths evaluation scores between the intervention and control groups for sexual orientation, age and sexuality, masturbation, sexual violence, sexual intercourse, and sexual satisfaction, as subdimensions of the sexual myths scale. Our findings suggest that web-based reproductive health education can be effective in reducing sexual myths and increasing knowledge about risky behaviours among university students relevant to sexual and reproductive health in young adults.

Determinants of Unwanted Pregnancy in Indonesia in 2022

Unwanted pregnancy in teenagers is the impact of deviant sexual behavior. Adolescents with Unwanted pregnancy are faced with various problems, especially health problems for mothers and babies, and socio-economic problems. This research aims to examine the determinants of untimely pregnancy in adolescents in North Konawe Regency. The research design uses a Cross Sectional Study conducted in September 2022-February 2023 in three randomly selected sub-districts of North Konawe Regency. A total of 80 teenage girls aged 14-19 years who experienced untimely pregnancy were sampled. The research uses a structured questionnaire technique guided by researchers which has been previously tested and analyzed using the Fisher Exact test. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the variables were Knowledge (p=0.568&gt;0.05), Attitude (p=0.002&lt;0.05), Action (p=0.74&gt;0.05), Permissive Parenting Pattern (p=0.109&gt;0.05), Peer Pressure Peers (p=0.592&gt;0.05), Use of Technology (p=0.034&lt;0.05) and Religiosity (p=0.001&lt;0.05). The results of this research show that there is a relationship between Attitude, Use of Technology and Religiosity, and there is no relationship between Knowledge, Action, Permissive Parenting Patterns and Peer Pressure with Unwanted Pregnancy in teenagers in the North Konawe Regency Area. Thus, the Reproductive Health Education program for Adolescents in formal education involves education stakeholders including the School Committee which is a reference material and a program to reduce the number of unwanted pregnancy in adolescents in the North Konawe Regency area.