Educated Respondents Research Articles

Psychological Impact of Acne and Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation Among Sudanese Women

<i>Introduction: </i>Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin which often causes a negative impact on a woman's psychological state and quality of life. This study seeks to provide basic data and information about the psychological impact of acne on Sudanese women. <i>Methodology: </i>A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted during the period from June 2022 to January 2023. A total of 400 females aged 15 years and above were included in this study. These are Sudanese women who had suffered from acne in their lives, and who responded to the online study questionnaire. Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) was used to assess the psychological effect of acne.<i> Results: </i>Seventy one percent of respondents had active acne. Acne scars were observed in (74.8%) of participants, while post-acne hyperpigmentation was observed in (71.3%). Facial acne was the most common, as it was observed in (75.8%) of the respondents. The mean age at acne onset was 15.66 years and ranged between 10 and 36 years. Mild and moderate acne were the most common types, accounting for (37.0%) and (41.5%) of cases, respectively. Acne was found to affect the psychological state of the vast majority of the respondents (89%). Cosmetics or makeup were used by (42.3%) of the respondents to conceal acne and scars. Late onset of acne treatment was reported in (42%) of the cases. Most respondents (72.5%) visited doctors to treat acne. The mean Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) score was 4.55, which reflects mild effects of acne on the quality of life of most of the respondents. The adverse psychological impact was found to be significantly associated with increased acne severity, scarring, and hyperpigmentation as well as with university educated respondents. <i>Conclusion: </i>It was found that acne has mild effects on the quality of life of Sudanese women. Late onset of acne treatment resulted in widespread scarring and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in most participants, which was associated with the psychological impact of acne. There is an urgent need to encourage early treatment of acne to reduce the physical sequalae of acne to reduce the psychosocial consequences associated with the disease and the risk of scarring and hyperpigmentation on Sudanese women. Sudanese health authorities and Sudanese doctors can address this issue through education and awareness programs.

Navigating risk: Impact of overconfidence in financial literacy on retirement wealth reserves

This study examined the impact of overconfidence in financial literacy on risky asset investments within retirement wealth reserves. We used data of 36,268 respondents of the “China Aging Finance Survey” (2020–2022). The findings reveal that overconfidence significantly drives households toward riskier investments, and the conclusions were reinforced through robustness checks. Furthermore, the effect was moderated by pension replacement rate satisfaction, willingness to pay for financial advice, and risk preferences. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that male respondents and less educated respondents were significantly affected by overconfidence. Moreover, respondents with basic pension insurance were likelier to opt for risky assets.

Awareness of first aid among adults in Al-Ahsa City, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

First-aid knowledge among the general public is critical for saving lives in medical emergencies before expert care arrives. However, studies show persistent gaps in layperson first-aid capacity worldwide. This study assessed first-aid knowledge and awareness among adults in Al-Ahsa City, Saudi Arabia, to identify strengths and weaknesses to guide tailored interventions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 716 adults recruited through convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire collected sociodemographics and assessed knowledge across 12 first-aid scenarios involving bleeding control, burns, seizures, choking, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Just 59.2% correctly identified direct pressure to stop bleeding, and 61.2% knew proper burn first aid. Only 52% recognized the pediatric CPR compression-to-ventilation ratio (15:2), and 36.2% identified the chest compression rate of 100/min. For choking, 73.9% endorsed abdominal thrusts for children, but only 60.9% knew backslaps for infants. Females scored higher on bleeding (94.5% vs 92.8% correct) and abdominal thrusts (83.6% vs 66.1%), while males were more knowledgeable on burns (70.4% vs 53.8%) and infant choking (81.1% vs 44.7%). Younger and more educated respondents had higher scores. Major gaps exist in implementing proper first-aid techniques, especially differentiation by age. Deficits in direct bleeding control, high-quality CPR, and tailored pediatric care represent high-risk knowledge weaknesses in this population. Targeted education programs focused on skill-building in these areas, particularly for higher-risk demographics like the elderly and less educated, are critically needed to strengthen public preparedness and save lives. Findings provide key insights to inform evidence-based interventions.

Social Media Marketing Dynamics and Brand Loyalty: A Sequential Mediation Model in the Indonesian Packaged Drinking Water Industry

Purpose – This study uses the stimulus organism response (SOR) as the theory framework to analyze the sequential mediating roles of brand experience (BE), brand trust (BT), and brand love (BLV) to show the connection between Social Media Marketing (SMM) activities and brand loyalty (BL). Design/methodology/approach – The study approach was empirically evaluated using 310 SM users as data who follow bottled water brands on any platform and have made a purchase. Furthermore, a sequential multiple mediation model was tested using PLS-SEM. Findings – The results indicate that SMM significantly impacts BE, and BE significantly affects BT and BLV. Subsequently, this influence of BT and BLV contributes to an increase in BL. Additionally, it was revealed that BE, BT, and BLV sequentially and significantly mediate the relationship between SMM and BL. Research limitations/implications – Its cross-sectional design, sample bias towards younger, educated respondents, a narrow focus on BL from SMM activities, and a lack of consideration for sustainability and broader product types suggest a need for more diverse and longitudinal future research. Practical implications – The result emphasizes the need for brands to leverage SM as a critical channel for consumer engagement, suggesting the adoption of personalized, entertaining, and interactive digital campaigns to increase through memorable BE. Originality/value – This study pioneers using SOR theory to explore the SMM impact on BL within the bottled water industry, providing novel insights through empirically validating a model that links SMM activities with loyalty via BE, BT, and BLV.

Climate belief, accuracy of climatic expectations, and pro-environmental action

ABSTRACT This paper extends the literature on climate change by asking ‘Who believes in climate change?’, ‘Whose expectations regarding future climate coincide with scientific projections?’, and ‘Do beliefs and holding ‘correct’ expectations influence taking concerted action?’ We find that 88% of survey respondents representing New Zealand’s primary sector believe in climate change but that only 34% have expectations regarding future temperatures that coincide with scientific projections, and only 40% have expectations regarding future drought that coincide with scientific projections. We show that men, less educated respondents, those with long family histories of farming, and those who put greater trust in social media are more sceptical of climate change. Among respondents who believe in climate change, these same factors are also associated with lower likelihood that their expectations coincide with scientific projections of future climate scenarios. Furthermore, women and more educated people are less likely to under-estimate and more likely to over-estimate both temperature change and the incidence of drought relative to scientific projections. Finally, we show that previous pro-environmental action and future intentions to undertake pro-environmental action are positively associated with belief in climate change, but that having expectations that match scientific projections does not additionally affect uptake of pro-environmental action.

Identity and inequality misperceptions, demographic determinants and efficacy of corrective measures

By conducting two waves of large-scale surveys in the United Kingdom and Germany, we investigate the determinants of identity and inequality misperceptions. We first show that people substantially overestimate the share of immigrants, Muslims, people under the poverty line, and the income share of the richest. Moreover, women, lower-income, and lower-educated respondents generally have higher misperceptions. Only income share misperceptions are associated more with people who place themselves on the left of the political spectrum. In contrast, the other three misperceptions are more prevalent among those who place themselves to the right. We then attempt to correct misperceptions by conducting a classic controlled experiment. Specifically, we randomly assign respondents into a treatment group informed about their initial misperceptions and a control group left uninformed. Our results indicate that information treatments had some corrective effects on misperceptions in Germany but were ineffective in the United Kingdom. Moreover, information treatments in Germany were more effective for men, centrists, and highly educated respondents. There is also no evidence of spill-over effects: correcting one misperception does not have corrective effects for the other misperceptions.

Why do citizens support algorithmic government?

Abstract As governments increasingly adopt algorithms and artificial intelligence (AAI), we still know comparatively little about citizens’ support for algorithmic government. In this paper, we analyze how many and what kind of reasons for government use of AAI citizens support. We use a sample of 17,000 respondents from 16 OECD countries and find that opinions on algorithmic government are divided. A narrow majority of people (55.6%) support a majority of reasons for using algorithmic government, and this is relatively consistent across countries. Results from multilevel models suggest that most of the cross-country variation is explained by individual-level characteristics, including age, education, gender, and income. Older and more educated respondents are more accepting of algorithmic government, while female and low-income respondents are less supportive. Finally, we classify the reasons for using algorithmic government into two types, “fairness” and “efficiency,” and find that support for them varies based on individuals’ political attitudes.

Perception towards reducing natural gas consumption and imports in Europe: A theoretical and empirical investigation

The European energy system is undergoing a drastic change, focusing on reducing natural gas consumption and import. European households, which are responsible for 25 % of final energy consumption, mainly based on natural gas, could play a significant role in such a transition. Therefore, the study aims to understand the perception towards natural gas consumption reduction and imports. An online questionnaire was designed based on an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour, which 257 highly educated respondents filled out. The results delineated the respondents' positive perception of reducing natural gas consumption. Specific attributes (i.e., environmental concerns, national sustainable and efficient energy system, and national energy independence) and personal moral norms (i.e., moral responsibility) significantly impact the willingness and effort to reduce natural gas consumption. The lack of control is the largest perceived control behaviour in reducing the respondents' natural gas consumption compared to available knowledge and affordability. Finally, the respondents care significantly and want to know about natural gas import sources, and they are highly against natural gas imports from Russia, the United States, the Middle Eastern, and Arab countries. Based on the insights, the study provides detailed recommendations. The study provides concrete recommendations for policy-makers to include environmental, humanitarian and energy-independence concerns in their decision-making processes related to natural gas imports and consumption. It also emphasises informing and involving individual households in such decision-making processes.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adults in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia regarding Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric ulcers, cancers, and treatment.

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection presents a significant threat to global health with serious associated morbidities. This study aimed to assess awareness, attitudes, and practices related to HP in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) through a survey-based cross-sectional study involving 2,541 respondents. We used a structured online questionnaire to gather data on personal and sociodemographic characteristics, as well as HP-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The survey was distributed through various social media platforms. The results revealed that 59.4% of respondents demonstrated good knowledge about HP, with a mean knowledge score of 3.7 ± 1.0 out of 5. Knowledge gaps were particularly evident regarding the contagiousness and transmission modes of HP. The mean attitude score was 12.2 ± 2.2 out of a maximum score of 15. In total, 37.6% of respondents reported ever being tested for HP, with 54.2% testing positive. Among those treated for HP, only 79% received antibiotic therapy and 37.8% received acid-reducing medications. Knowledge levels were significantly higher among younger and highly educated respondents (P < 0.001), and respondents with higher knowledge scores also had higher attitude scores than those with lower knowledge scores (12.6 ± 2.0 vs. 11.6 ± 2.0, P < 0.001). Individuals who had undergone HP testing had significantly higher knowledge levels than those who did not (62.3 vs. 57.8, P = 0.024). These findings underscore the urgent need for raising the population's awareness regarding the risks, prevention, and management of HP infection through targeted educational strategies.

Pandemic Pressure: Changes in Hypertensive Management Adherence in Indonesia

PurposeThis study aimed to determine factors associated with changes in adherence to hypertension management (medication adherence and blood pressure control) in respondents with hypertension before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bogor City, Indonesia. MethodsAn observational study was conducted using two sources of data (before and during COVID-19 pandemic). Data before the pandemic were derived from the 2019 Cohort Study of Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors. Data during the pandemic were derived from an online survey conducted in September and October 2020. Information from 880 participants were analyzed. The dependent variable was the change in adherence to hypertension management before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic polynomial regression. ResultsRespondents who adhered to hypertension management decreased from 82.0% in 2019 to 47.8% in 2020. The likelihood of non-adherence (respondents who did not adhere to hypertension management both before and during the pandemic) increased in respondents below 55 years old, who did not own any healthcare insurance, who were not obese, and who had no other comorbidities. In the partial adherence group (respondents who did not adhere to hypertension management either before or during the pandemic), we found that most respondents adhered before the pandemic but no longer adhered during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found an increased partial adherence in young and highly educated respondents. ConclusionEfforts to improve adherence to hypertension management after the COVID-19 pandemic should target those who were young, highly educated, who did not have any healthcare insurance, and who did not perceive themselves as not having comorbidities.

Mediating effect of BMI on the association of economic status and coexistence of hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh: A counterfactual framework-based weighting approach.

Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are matters of huge concern worldwide, with an increasing trend in prevalence over the previous decade. First of all, this study aimed to evaluate the association between economic status (ES) and body mass index (BMI), ES and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes, and BMI and comorbidity independently. Second, it explored the mediating role of BMI in the association between ES and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes. Finally, it investigated whether the mediating effect differs with the place of residence, gender, and education levels. A total of 11,291 complete cases from the Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2017-18 were utilized for this study. Survey-based binary logistic regression or multiple logistic regression was used to find the association among outcome, exposure, and mediator variables, and a counterfactual framework-based weighting approach was utilized for mediation analysis. Middle-income (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.696, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.219, 2.360) and rich (AOR: 2.770, CI: 2.054, 3.736) respondents were more likely to have comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes compared to the poor. The odds of comorbidity increased with the increase in BMI. A positive association was observed between ES and BMI. A significant mediating role of BMI in the association between ES and comorbidity was found. We observed that 19.85% (95% CI: 11.50%, 49.6%) and 20.35% (95% CI: 14.9%, 29.3%) of total effect was mediated by BMI for middle and rich respondents, respectively, compared to the poor. The mediating role of BMI was greater for female, no or primary educated respondents, and respondents from rural areas. Therefore, the study will facilitate policymakers of Bangladesh and other countries with a similar set-up to decide on health policies regarding hypertension and diabetes.

Sugar tax and product reformulation proposals reduce the perceived legitimacy of health-promotion institutions: a randomized population-based survey experiment.

Structural nutrition interventions like a sugar tax or a product reformulation are strongly supported among the public health community but may cause a considerable backlash (e.g. inspiring aversion to institutions initiating the interventions among citizens). Such a backlash potentially undermines future health-promotion strategies. This study aims to uncover whether such backlash exists. We fielded a pre-registered randomized, population-based survey experiment among adults from the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences panel (n = 1765; based on a random sampling of the Dutch population register). Participants were randomly allocated to the control condition (brief facts about health-information provision/nudging), or one of two experimental groups (the same facts, expanded with either a proposed sugar tax on or reformulation of sugar-sweetened beverages). Ordinary least squares regression was used to estimate the proposed interventions' effects on four outcome variables: trust in health-promotion institutions involved; perceptions that these institutions have citizens' well-being in mind (i.e. benevolence); perceptions that these institutions' perspectives are similar to those of citizens (i.e. alignment of perspectives); and attitudes toward nutrition information. Trust, perceived benevolence and perceived alignment of perspectives were affected negatively by a proposed sugar tax (-0.24, 95% CI -0.38 to -0.10; -0.15, -0.29 to -0.01; -0.15, -0.30 to 0.00) or product reformulation (-0.32, -0.46 to -0.18; -0.24, -0.37 to -0.11; -0.18, 0.33 to -0.03), particularly among the non-tertiary educated respondents. Sugar taxes or product reformulations may delegitimize health-promotion institutions, potentially causing public distancing from or opposition to these bodies. This may be exploited by political and commercial parties to undermine official institutions. https://osf.io/qr9jy/?view_only=5e2e875a1fc348f3b28115b7a3fdfd90. Registered 3 February 2022.

Influence of socio-demographic factors on the use of maternal health care among Muslim women in urban slums of Mumbai, India

Background: Low and middle-income countries such as India face significant challenges in improving maternal health and reducing maternal mortality rate. To combat this problem, it is essential to utilize maternal health-care services. Objective: This study aims to assess the utilization of maternal health-care services (Antenatal care [ANC] and skilled attendance at birth) and the determining factors of maternal health-care utilization. Materials and Methods: This study is cross-sectional. The study is carried out in an urban slum in Mumbai, India. The respondents were selected using a multistage sampling procedure, and 300 Muslim women who delivered in the past 2 years in the reproductive age group (15–49 years) were selected. The data were collected using a structured interview schedule. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: The study shows that maternal health-care utilization among respondents was unsatisfactory. Only 43.8% of the respondents utilized full ANC service and 27.3% still delivered at home with unskilled birth attendance (traditional Dai). A medical emergency, high cost, and lack of quality of services were the most common reasons to deliver at home. Respondents’ age at marriage, education (respondents and partners), monthly income, number of children, and type of family are the most important determining factors for the utilization of maternal health-care services. Conclusion: Better utilization of maternal health-care services can be achieved by improving the overall socioeconomic status of Muslim women. To improve maternal healthcare, special attention is required to be paid to the education of women and spouses. Furthermore, policies may address the women’s subordinate position in socioeconomic parameters. Similarly, close monitoring is required by the government through different agencies on the utilization of maternal health-care services.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN TINDAKAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP STANDAR RUMAH SEHAT DI DESA CUMBOK NIWA KECAMATAN SAKTI KABUPATEN PIDIE TAHUN 2022

A healthy home is one means of achieving optimum health. Coverage of healthy housing in Indonesia is still low, namely only 47.9% compared to the national target of 80%. One of the main components of obtaining a healthy home is determined by the availability of housing sanitation facilities. Aceh Province has 60% of villages that have implemented Community Based Total Sanitation (STBM) out of a total of 6,514 villages with the percentage of STBM villages still at 1%. Meanwhile, STBM data for Pidie Regency which has implemented STBM is 78% of the total 731 villages with STBM villages still 0%. This research aims to find out and get an overview of community knowledge and actions regarding healthy house standards in Cumbok Niwa Village, Sakti District, Pidie Regency. This research is analytical in nature on a population of 209 families in Cumbok Niwa Village, Sakti District, Pidie Regency. Sampling was carried out randomly in stratified manner on 68 families during January 2022. The research results showed that public knowledge of healthy home standards reached 54.4%. However, the requirements for healthy homes, sanitation and the impact of unhealthy homes are still below 50%. Community actions towards healthy home standards account for 47% and 36.7% for cleaning floors and removing rubbish, respectively. The conclusion obtained is that there is a connection between knowledge and the actions taken. This can be seen from the number of respondents who apply healthy home standards, who are highly educated respondents compared to respondents who have low education. It is recommended that the community maintain and improve the quality of healthy home standards and increase socialization or education to the public about healthy home standards

THE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE APPLICATIONS USED IN ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AT BORNEO TARAKAN UNIVERSITY

This research aimed to describe students’ perception of efficient applications used in online learning at the English Education Department of Borneo Tarakan University. This research was quantitative research with 32 English Education respondents in the Borneo Tarakan University. The sampling method used was total sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The results of the research indicated that the applications used in online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic were very efficient because these applications provided a good way or alternative for supporting the learning activities from home. Students used various online learning applications. The applications used are considered efficient enough to help the learning process and can improve English skills, especially students’ speaking skills. Applications used during online learning also facilitate learning because of easy access in the low network coverage setting, not using too much internet bundlest, and economical and suitable enough features to support the learning process. Even though it supports the learning process, some students still find some difficulties with the applications used in online learning.

Sexual Behaviours and Awareness of HIV and AIDS among Migratory People

In the context of Nepal, where the epidemiological status of HIV&amp;AIDS is presumed to be in its early stages, a growing body of evidence indicates that HIV is emerging as a significant public health concern in the country. In response, both governmental and non-governmental entities have formulated strategic plans and policies to combat the pervasive impact of HIV &amp; AIDS. The imperative for educational institutions is to comprehensively disseminate information to both the youth and the broader community, fostering knowledge, motivational skills for self-protection against HIV &amp; AIDS, and cultivating an attitude of non-discrimination and care for individuals living with HIV &amp; AIDS. This field-based study focuses on exploring sexual behaviors and awareness regarding HIV &amp; AIDS among migratory populations in the Khatyad Rural Municipality of the Mugu district, Nepal. Employing a descriptive and qualitative research design, the study underscores the examination of sex behaviors, knowledge levels, and attitudes prevalent among migratory individuals concerning HIV &amp; AIDS. The findings of this research can serve as valuable insights for policymakers in devising strategic plans and for education specialists in crafting targeted HIV &amp; AIDS education initiatives within educational frameworks. Primary data for the study were gathered directly from the field, with a study population comprising 80 migratory individuals aged 15-60 years. The majority of these individuals were found to be married but lacking formal education. Approximately half of the respondents were aware of HIV &amp; AIDS, with education correlating to awareness of preventive measures. A subset of respondents (14%) reported engagement in pre-marital sexual practices. The study unveiled a general lack of awareness among migratory individuals regarding HIV &amp; AIDS, with insufficient knowledge on the subject. Notably, a few educated respondents exhibited a positive attitude towards individuals living with HIV. Consequently, the study identifies HIV &amp; AIDS as a critical public health issue requiring immediate attention.

Skills, Majors, and Jobs: Does Higher Education Respond?

Skills, Majors, and Jobs: Does Higher Education Respond?

Support matters: How formal and informal institutions shape young Indians' work‐family preferences

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the extent to which young people's future employment preferences in India are influenced concurrently by formal workplace policies and informal caregivers' support.BackgroundScholars have focused on how young individuals' work‐family ideals are shaped by workplace institutions to better understand the persistence of gender inequalities in the labor market. Yet the literature on work‐family policy examines primarily the effects of formal policies, overlooking the role of informal caregivers. Consequently, we know little about the relative influence of formal and informal support on young individuals' work‐family preferences and why one system may be preferred over another.MethodThe study used an original survey‐experimental data from an online sample of young, highly educated and unmarried respondents in India (N = 482) to assess their employment preferences when they have a family and a young child, while conditioning them to formal and informal work‐family support. Logistic regressions examined the relationship between different support types and respondents' employment preferences.ResultsWhen not conditioned to any support, most women preferred part‐time and most men preferred full‐time employment. Women were twice as likely to prefer full‐time employment with informal support compared to formal support, but men's preferences were not sensitive to either type of support.ConclusionThe effectiveness of work‐family policies in challenging gendered behaviors depends on the credibility of formal as opposed to informal institutions.

Consumer Perception of Food Fraud in Serbia and Montenegro.

The main objective of this study was to investigate how food fraud is perceived among consumers in Serbia and Montenegro. A total of 1264 consumers from the two countries participated in an online survey during the second half of 2022, using Google forms®. In the Serbian population, older or highly educated respondents are aware of different types of fraudulent activities such as substitution, mislabeling, concealment, and counterfeiting. Dilution is mostly recognized by women, the younger population, and students. Consumers believe that trust is the most important factor when purchasing food. The highest level of agreement regarding food fraud is that such activities may pose serious health risks to consumers, and that food inspection services are the most responsible actors in the food chain continuum. When it comes to purchasing food, open green markets are most trustworthy, followed by hypermarkets. Concerning the types of food, fish is most susceptible to fraud, followed by olive oil. This study builds upon existing knowledge of food consumers about food fraud in Europe.

BEREAVED PARENTS OF THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY

Abstract The loss of a child—no matter their age—is often regarded as one the most tragic forms of loss. Here, we sought to identify sociodemographic, psychosocial, and health profiles of older adults who have experienced offspring death in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Our sample was composed of 2,035 respondents from the 2018 wave of HRS who experienced (n =381) or did not experience (n = 1,654) the loss of a child at any point in their lifetime. In an adjusted logistic regression, we found that both women (OR=1.53, [1.13, 2.09]) and non-Hispanic Black respondents (OR = 1.85; [1.31, 2.61]) had significantly higher odds of experiencing the death of a child. Education was also significantly associated with offspring death: relative to individuals with less than a high school education, high school and college-educated respondents had a 34% and 64% lower likelihood of reporting offspring death, respectively (OR=0.66, [.47, .91]; OR=0.36, [.25, .51]). Lastly, every one unit increase in cognition was associated with a 3% lower likelihood of experiencing the offspring death (OR=0.97, [.94, .99]). Interestingly, bereaved parents were no more likely to experience depression nor report multimorbidity than individuals who had not grieved the loss of a child. These findings highlight a grim picture of premature and untimely death among Black Americans, the power of education, and potential psychological and physiological resilience among this older sub-population of bereaved parents.