Editorial Articles Research Articles

Top cited articles about the stress urinary incontinence: A bibliometric analysis

ObjectiveTo produce a bibliographic source by compiling the most-cited articles about stress urinary incontinence to guide researchers for novel research topic ideas in urogynecology. Study designWe analyzed 200 most-cited articles (T200) between 1995–2022 by reviewing the Institution for Scientific Information (ISI) − Web of Science (WOS) and PubMed databases about the stress urinary incontinence. The time span-effect of publications was normalized by calculating average citations per item (ACI) index for each article. The publications were sub-classified by the publication year, journals, countries, surgical methods, and departments. ResultsThe median for total citation numbers and the ACI indices of T200 were 35 and 5 respectively. The top-cited articles were mostly published in USA with 91 articles (46.5 %) followed by Italy (22, 11 %), and United Kingdom (21, 10.5 %). Among T200, 149 were original research, 44 reviews, 4 meta-analyses, and 3 editorial articles. Further, 59 were about surgical procedures (of which 28 were about TOT-TVT comparison). M. Serati and L. Bruker were the most contributing authors to T200 with 19 articles. On the top of T200, the article of Pierre A. Clavien et al. (2009) sits with 6201 citations, published in the journal of “Annals of Surgery”. ConclusionsWe suggest that the most-cited articles commonly conducted in the high-income countries, mostly published between 2014–2018. Best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing the most-cited 200 publications in urogynecology field under two different perspectives of two different disciplines, namely urology and obstetrics and gynecology.

Construction of Expert Image in Genre of Editorial: Discursive Practices

This research focuses on discursive practices employed to construct the expert image within the genre of editorial articles. The expert image aligns with the goals of this textual form. Initially, editorials served as a tool for expressing the publication’s voice and ensuring the status of an independent social institution. While this function has somewhat diminished today, editorials still play a significant role in shaping societal views and values, especially during pivotal political events. Therefore, it is crucial for authors of editorial articles to maintain authority and expert status. Research findings demonstrate that discursive practices such as referencing authoritative sources, highlighting the author’s achievements in discussing the issue at hand, presenting quantitative data, formulating predictions, and recommendations are utilized to shape the expert image in editorial articles. These practices are perceived by readers as elements of expert knowledge, yet they actually belong to distinct realms: expertise and counter-expertise. The author of the article differentiates between expertise, anti-expertise, and counterexpertise.

The Ethical Stewardship of Artificial Intelligence in Chronic Pain and Headache: A Narrative Review.

As artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are becoming more pervasive in medicine, understanding their ethical considerations for chronic pain and headache management is crucial for optimizing their safety. We reviewed thirty-eight editorial and original research articles published between 2018 and 2023, focusing on the application of AI and ML to chronic pain or headache. The core medical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice constituted the evaluation framework. The AI applications addressed topics such as pain intensity prediction, diagnostic aides, risk assessment for medication misuse, empowering patients to self-manage their conditions, and optimizing access to care. Virtually all AI applications aligned both positively and negatively with specific medical ethics principles. This review highlights the potential of AI to enhance patient outcomes and physicians' experiences in managing chronic pain and headache. We emphasize the importance of carefully considering the advantages, disadvantages, and unintended consequences of utilizing AI tools in chronic pain and headache, and propose the four core principles of medical ethics as an evaluation framework.

Effects of workbook training using editorials and newspaper articles in adults with preclinical stage of dementia

Early detection and intervention in individuals in the pre-clinical stage of dementia are crucial. This study aimed to examine whether there are significant differences in (1) word retrieval, (2) subjective communication ability, (3) intervention satisfaction through the 'Fill-in-the-blanks in editorial and newspaper articles' training in patients with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment corresponding to the pre-clinical stage of dementia. Ninety-nine patients (50 in the intervention group and 49 in the control group) aged 50–84 years were administered pre- and post-test after 6 weeks of intervention (30 sessions). Regarding word retrieval, there were significant intervention effects on confrontation naming, semantic fluency, and phonemic fluency. The majority of participants in the intervention group were highly satisfied with the training. In terms of intervention satisfaction, the majority of the participants in the intervention group showed high satisfaction with all the questions. This result confirmed the improvement of word retrieval ability through mass communication content-based 'Fill-in-the-blanks' training, and ultimately helps to provide a clinical basis for applying this intervention to prevent dementia.

Scientific research by British authors on the Second World War as an element of information and psychological confrontation with Russia

The article examines the political and ideological narratives in the scientific research of British authors devoted to the Second World War. The purpose of this publication is to study the works of British authors as a tool of information and psychological warfare aimed at promoting a certain ideological agenda in Russian society. In the course of the study, some recommendations were formulated that can contribute to strengthening state policy in the field of preserving historical memory. The subject of the research is the scientific research of such authors as: E. Beevor, M. Hastings, T.Ripley, K.Aylesby, S. Crawford, N. Cornish, S.Hart, R. Hart and M. Hughes. The object is political and ideological narratives aimed at promoting the pro-Western agenda in the information and educational field, as well as in the publishing sphere. The research methodology was subordinated to the goals and objectives of the work, directly reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the topic under study. To identify the main narratives in the works of foreign authors, a qualitative content analysis was conducted aimed at reflecting the main plots, images and their political and ideological content. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the distortion and manipulation of historical memory in the research of British authors is aimed at promoting a certain ideological and political agenda. This process is carried out using a one-sided selection of facts in the description, certain events and the placement of narrative accents, as well as in the dehumanization of the Red Army and the Soviet Union. The narrative constructed by Western authors is aimed at both the internal audience and the younger generation within our country, in order to involve them in the areola of Western information policy. Today, the narrative of the Second World War is used by modern researchers and politicians of the Western world as a tool to promote the anti-Russian agenda. In order to counteract the Western policy of distorting historical memory, it is necessary to take a number of the following measures: the promotion of popular scientific journals on history, the return of editorial edits and articles from the editor when publishing research by Western authors, the return of printing memoirs of Red Army soldiers and the restriction of publication of memoirs of the German military.

Structuring Japanese editorials along the lines of rhetorical structure annotations: issues and discoveries

This paper is a result of a practical experiment in annotating the rhetorical structure of three editorial articles from the leading Japanese newspapers, focused on connectors and their role in the text. Annotation work was carried out along the general lines of existing techniques, at the same time calling for substantial adjustments in both the relations’ taxonomy and orientation, and also the principles of breaking down discourse units. These methodological findings are reviewed in the conclusive part. The main difficulty in representing the overall text structure is whether it can be convincingly represented in the form of a tree (as is expected from a pragmatically organized text). Some in-depth analysis shows that apart from rhetorical relations between discourse units a complex networks of holistic structure (macrostructure), intentional structure, referential network are of not less importance in the unity of the text. Notional structure in the basis of the reader’s comprehension also comes into the bargain, as well as the author’s efforts to influence and direct it overtly or covertly. An RST tree would only be a part of this totality. Appended are tentative graphical representations of an approximated tree structure as well as graphs covering the text’s intentional structure, divided into interconnected layers. This experiment highlighted major peculiarities of a newspaper editorial as one type of text. They are seen as rooted in the pragmatical nature of this genre of language activity, whose principal aim is opinion leadership and of the audience that is highly heterogenous but at the same time capable of detecting and processing sophisticated logical and rhetorical devices. That imposes some structural conditions besides general structure specialties of the Japanese language.

The Challenges of Pain Assessment in Geriatric Patients With Dementia: A Review.

Pain in dementia patients is common, poorly measured, and undertreated. It is important to discuss the challenges in the pain assessment and management to find a possible solution for adequate pain management. The aim of this article is to discuss the challenges in the assessment of pain in geriatric patients with dementia. An extensive online database search was conducted via multiple websites using the following keywords: "dementia," "pain assessments," "pain assessment with dementia," "causes of pain with dementia," "pain assessments using recent technology," "geriatric," and "old age" to identify the relevant articles. Our inclusion criteria were articles that focused on pain in geriatric patients diagnosed with dementia, in English, published between January 2018 and January 2023, and available as free full text and those which were clinical trials, observational studies, review articles, systemic reviews, meta-analysis, or case series. The exclusion criteria were articles that did not have pain in geriatric patients diagnosed with dementia as their primary focus, involving geriatric or non-geriatric patients with major psychological distress, not in the English language, not published between January 2018 and January 2023, and not available as free full-text and those which were case reports and editorial articles. After manually excluding the articles that did not meet our inclusion criteria, we ended up with 38 articles. In conclusion, any instruments have been made for the pain assessment in patients with dementia. The two most common tools used to assess pain in this vulnerable population are the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) and Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate (PACSLAC) scales. The utilization of new technology may offer promising solutions for the pain assessment in patients with dementia.

Open science interventions proposed or implemented to assess researcher impact: a scoping review

Background Several open science-promoting initiatives have been proposed to improve the quality of biomedical research, including initiatives for assessing researchers’ open science behaviour as criteria for promotion or tenure. Yet there is limited evidence to judge whether the interventions are effective. This review aimed to summarise the literature, identifying open science practices related to researcher assessment, and map the extent of evidence of existing interventions implemented to assess researchers and research impact. Methods A scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Methodology was conducted. We included all study types that described any open science practice-promoting initiatives proposed or implemented to assess researchers and research impact, in health sciences, biomedicine, psychology, and economics. Data synthesis was quantitative and descriptive. Results Among 18,020 identified documents, 27 articles were selectedfor analysis. Most of the publications were in the field of health sciences (n = 10), and were indicated as research culture, perspective, commentary, essay, proceedings of a workshop, research article, world view, opinion, research note, editorial, report, and research policy articles (n = 22). The majority of studies proposed recommendations to address problems regarding threats to research rigour and reproducibility that were multi-modal (n = 20), targeting several open science practices. Some of the studies based their proposed recommendations on further evaluation or extension of previous initiatives. Most of the articles (n = 20) did not discuss implementation of their proposed intervention. Of the 27 included articles, 10 were cited in policy documents, with The Leiden Manifesto being the most cited (104 citations). Conclusion This review provides an overview of proposals to integrate open science into researcher assessment. The more promising ones need evaluation and, where appropriate, implementation. Study registration https://osf.io/ty9m7

Artificial Intelligence Co-Authorship: Perspectives on Scientific Accuracy and Responsibility

Dear Editors, Amidst the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence tools, we have read the editorials published in your journal on the subject of “artificial intelligence and academic articles” with great interest [1, 2]. First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude for fostering an essential platform for discourse on this current topic. Thank you for creating a significant environment for discussion. The rapid advancements emerging in artificial intelligence tools undoubtedly promise significant contributions not only in various fields but also in the realm of science. However, just as in scientific progress, it is clear that the opportunities supporting science and enabling its advancement are also evolving. For instance, had we sent this letter to your journal thirty years ago, we might have needed to send it through postal mail. Alternatively, if our writing had been published in your journal twenty years ago, we could have read it in hard copy rather than in an online environment. Similarly, had we been practising medicine hundreds of years ago, we wouldn't have had the capability to do anything for patients that we can easily treat today with the aid of ultrasound guidance in the operating room. It is highly likely that in the future, thanks to artificial intelligence tools, many tasks will become significantly more efficient and practical. From this perspective, we believe that incorporating artificial intelligence tools into the realm of science is a necessity. However, as you have also pointed out in your editorial articles [1, 2], we believe that the inclusion of artificial intelligence tools as authors in academic research is a significant topic of debate. Based on our current knowledge and perspective, we believe this situation may not be entirely appropriate. We believe that one of the most crucial points of contention regarding the inclusion of artificial intelligence tools as authors in academic research is the concept of “accuracy”. Artificial intelligence provides us with information it finds on the internet. Whether these sources are genuinely obtained from reputable journals cannot be definitively determined. This poses a significant challenge in ensuring the accuracy of such contributions. This also suggests that articles written by artificial intelligence may not be sufficiently reliable. For instance, when we input “the lumbar transforaminal injection method” into ChatGPT, it provides a lot of information on the topic. However, when asked for references, it responds with, “The information I provide is based on a vast dataset of text from a wide range of sources available on the internet, including books, websites, research papers, and more.” Indeed, it can also retrieve information from virtual and/or fake accounts. In essence, as of now, artificial intelligence lacks a truth filter similar to that of a human. While artificial intelligence facilitates rapid access to information, the uncertainty arising from data unreliability raises doubts about the information it presents. Furthermore, we believe that artificial intelligence cannot share an equal level of responsibility with human authors for the information it provides. For these reasons, we are of the opinion that the responsibility for confirming the accuracy of information presented by AI applications lies entirely with the human authors, and we believe that artificial intelligence applications should not be listed as authors in articles. Yours Sincerely,

Legitimising Martial Law: Framing The 1974 Battle of Jolo (Sulu, Philippines) in the Bulletin Today Newspaper

After President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law on 21 September 1972, the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), a Muslim secessionist rebel group based in the Mindanao and Sulu archipelago waged war against the Manila-based government leading to armed clashes with the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). One of their most violent battles happened on 7 February 1974, after rebels invaded the town of Jolo, the provincial capital of Sulu in the southern Philippines. With the help of state-controlled media like Bulletin Today, this battle became an avenue for the Marcos dictatorship to legitimise its authoritarian rule. Analysing frames of the Bulletin Today newspaper on the 1974 Battle of Jolo, this study argues that in an authoritarian regime where the government controlled the flow of information, media framing played a crucial role in suppressing the rebellion which aimed to generate support from the public. Through a close reading of Bulletin Today newspaper issues from February to April 1974, this study unpacks how the Marcos-controlled media filtered, fabricated, and censored news and editorial articles to frame the 1974 Battle of Jolo to strengthen the dictator Marcos’ authoritarian legitimacy and image-making project. This study suggests that the Marcos government discredited the MNLF by labelling them as Maoist Muslims. Attaching such connotations to the secessionist group, the regime framed the group as bearers of harmful behaviour and a threat to the goals and values that Filipino society upholds. The Bulletin Today also underlined the competence of the Philippine military and the constabulary in dealing with the crisis. However, the regime also censored pertinent information about the battle, including their role in the bombing and burning of Jolo.

AI as a Co-Author? We Should Also Ask Philosophical (and Ethical) Questions

Dear Editors With great interest and attention, I read authors’ short but stimulating editorial articles, which also contain extremely valuable questions [1]. The questions posed by the authors and the emphasis on referred articles reflecting different perspectives seem to reflect content about the practical benefits, risks, and inevitability of the use of technology. In addition, it is seen that the valuable comments on the article focus on issues such as the risk of harm and publication ethics issues in academic use of AI [2,3]. Considering the discourse of the article’s authors, which invites discussion, it is seen that questions that go beyond mere responsibility or practical benefits or risks should also be asked. In this context, I think that questions based on philosophical and ethical foundations should also be asked. For example, What is AI’s ontological position as a writer is a very fundamental question. That is, does AI reflect a “particular” individual/entity as “a writer”, or does it reflect cognitive domination that has the power to access and process the knowledge of entire humanity easily, or does AI reflect a collective mind or "universal" as a product of the knowledge and cognitive history of humanity as a whole? I think these questions are notable for AI’s position as an author and whether that position is acceptable. Again, should AI be considered a tool (is given instrumental purpose) or as a value in itself (has intrinsic value)? As a fundamental question, this is also important for the acceptability or position of AI as an author. Without going into deep discussions for now, for example, how or what is the difference between AI as a tool and a classical data analysis tool? Does such a difference, if any, really warrant the attribution of authorship to AI? Questions like these seem important. Although different ethical discussions seem possible, the concept of responsibility to which the authors refer seems worth discussing. For example, it is also remarkable whether AI, as a responsible subject in itself, can also become a tool for other authors to avoid some responsibilities in research and publication ethics. It is known that such a debate exists in the field of clinical ethics [4]. As a result, as the article authors said, the authorship of artificial intelligence will lead to important discussions. Therefore, it will be necessary to consider philosophical (and ethical) questions about the position of artificial intelligence. Yours sincerely,

The Readers Community of the Journal “Bulletin of Knowledge” (1903–1918) as an Example of Successful Communication between the Editorial Board and the Audience

The journal “Bulletin of Knowledge“ (1903–1918) was popular in various readership groups, aspiring to self-education. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of the communicative strategy of the editor–publisher of the journal V. V. Bitner for the creation of the community of “Bulletin of the Cognoscenti”, which was a “community of interpreters” (according to S. Fish), within the framework of the history of reading. The sources for the analysis were a set of journals stored in the Sverdlovsk Regional Universal Scientific Library named after V. G. Belinsky (Yekaterinburg), editorial articles, letters from readers, memoirs of V. V. Bitner and his contemporaries. Changes in the volume of the journal’s headings help to trace the history of the creation of a of readers community. The journal had sections to answer subscribers’ questions, as well as headings to publish letters to find friends, requests for help, and discussions of topical contemporary issues. “Discussion branches” of separate topics, continued sometimes for a year or more. Members of the readers’ community also interacted in real life. Their “disvirtualization” took place thanks to the organization of lectures, excursions and congresses of subscribers. The titles of the headings, examples of readers’ letters and the assessment of contemporaries indicate the uniqueness of this educational project. The portrait of V. V. Bitner by I. E. Repin, commissioned by subscribers for the tenth anniversary of the journal, can serve as an evidence of respect and admiration of the editorpublisher work. The commercial success of the “Bulletin of Knowledge” allowed V. V. Bitner to implement other publishing projects.

“No Abstract Available.” Maybe It’s a Time to Integrate Abstracts into Editorials?

Abstract of the peer-reviewed article is a short description of its main sections and simultaneously with the title is the most visible part of the paper. Articles of such types as case reports, case series, original research, review, essays, and many other types have their own abstract. Many, except of editorials. Considering the fact that as of 2023, the science unfortunately has been replaced by the pursuit of citations, the insufficient number of citations of editorial articles may be caused by the lack of an open abstract in them. We oppose discrimination of editorials. Editorial articles are permanently evolving and the number of editorials in which the number of pages reaches 9 is increasing. And an article with so many pages should have its own abstract. We demand that editorials be given the right to have their abstracts. The problem of the absence of an abstract in editorials is like a coin—it has two sides. On the one side, scientist, or editor of other journal, especially in the case of closed (i.e., paid) editorial, may not understand from the editorial title alone the details of what the article is about and whether this article can be useful in their research, practice, or editorial office work. On the other side, the article lacks visitors and, as a result, its authors do not receive dividends in the form of citations. Let’s not forget about the publishers, who in turn receive less revenue in the case of closed editorials, which in turn does not allow reinvesting in technological innovations of journals. In this editorial, we analyze and present the advantages of integrating abstracts into such an important type of article as editorial.

Characterizing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopaedic surgery literature

While the novel Coronavirus 2019 disease’s (COVID-19) impact on the practice of orthopaedics has been readily apparent, the effects of COVID-19 on the orthopaedic literature has not been studied. The objective of this paper is to analyze the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on peer-reviewed articles published in the orthopaedic surgery literature. Using the Journal Citation Reports, twenty orthopaedic surgery journals with the highest impact factor in 2019 were selected and articles within those journals were sorted by mention of COVID-19. The Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) and citation count were collected and compared for COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 related articles using the Mann-Whitney U test. Furthermore, within COVID-19 related articles, AAS and citation count were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test between sub specialty of orthopaedics, type of article, study type, and quarter of publication. The average AAS of COVID-19 articles was significantly higher than non-COVID articles (15 vs. 6, p=0.019). Within COVID-19 articles, those pertaining to spine and trauma had a significantly lower AAS than those pertaining to orthopaedics as a whole (20 & 6 vs 51, p<0.001). The average number of citations accrued by COVID-19 articles was significantly higher than non-COVID-19 articles (8 vs. 1, p<0.001). Original COVID-19 articles received significantly more citations than editorial articles (10 vs. 5, p<0.001), as well as those published in the second quarter of 2020 compared to those published later (p<0.001). Orthopaedic articles related to COVID-19 demonstrated a greater influence, dissemination, and impact than articles not related to COVID-19 as demonstrated by AAS and citations accrued.

Tale of Two Cities: narrative review of oxygen.

The human brain contributes 2% of the body weight yet receives 15% of cardiac output and demands a constant supply of oxygen (O 2) and nutrients to meet its metabolic needs. Cerebral autoregulation is responsible for maintaining a constant cerebral blood flow that provides the supply of oxygen and maintains the energy storage capacity. We selected oxygen administration-related studies published between 1975-2021 that included meta-analysis, original research, commentaries, editorial, and review articles. In the present narrative review, several important aspects of the oxygen effects on brain tissues and cerebral autoregulation are discussed, as well the role of exogenous O 2 administration in patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease: We aimed to revisit the utility of O 2 administration in pathophysiological situations whether or not being advantageous. Indeed, a compelling clinical and experimental body of evidence questions the utility of routine oxygen administration in acute and post-recovery brain ischemia, as evident by studies in neurophysiology imaging. While O 2 is still part of common clinical practice, it remains unclear whether its routine use is safe.

Intra-Specialty Citation Pattern in Radiology and Gastroenterology/Hepatology Journals: A Cross-Specialty Comparison.

Objectives: To investigate intra-specialty citation patterns of radiology articles, compared with another medical specialty: gastroenterology/hepatology. Methods: Four radiology journals (Radiology, European Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal) and four gastroenterology/hepatology journals (Journal of Hepatology, Journal of Gastroenterology, World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology) with similar Web of Science in-category 2020 IF ranking were selected. The original research, review, letter, and editorial articles published in these journals in 2021 were identified. The average number of intra-specialty citations per article (intra-specialty citation count) and percentage of intra-specialty citations out of total citations per article (intra-specialty citation rate) were compared between radiology and gastroenterology/hepatology articles using Student's t-test. Results: The radiology articles demonstrated a lower total citation count per article (radiology: 29.7 ± .4 (mean ± SEM), n = 2063; gastroenterology/hepatology: 50.1 ± 1.4, n = 1335). The intra-specialty citation count was also lower in radiology articles than gastroenterology/hepatology articles (radiology: 12.9 ± .2, gastroenterology/hepatology: 19.6 ± .7; P < .001), both overall and in all article types. Additionally, the overall intra-specialty citation rate was not significantly different between the two specialties (radiology: 48.8% ± .5%; gastroenterology/hepatology: 47.1 ± .8%; P = .057), although the intra-specialty citation rates were higher in radiology original research and editorial article types. Conclusions: The significantly lower per-article intra-specialty citation counts in all radiology article types, a measurement that directly links to specialty IFs, may contribute to the lower impact factors of radiology journals compared with gastroenterology/hepatology ones.

Tale of Two Cities: narrative review of oxygen

The human brain contributes 2% of the body weight yet receives 15% of cardiac output and demands a constant supply of oxygen (O2) and nutrients to meet its metabolic needs. Cerebral autoregulation is responsible for maintaining a constant cerebral blood flow that provides the supply of oxygen and maintains the energy storage capacity. We selected oxygen administration-related studies published between 1975–2021 that included meta-analysis, original research, commentaries, editorial, and review articles. In the present narrative review, several important aspects of the oxygen effects on brain tissues and cerebral autoregulation are discussed, as well the role of exogenous O2 administration in patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease: We aimed to revisit the utility of O2 administration in pathophysiological situations whether or not being advantageous. Indeed, a compelling clinical and experimental body of evidence questions the utility of routine oxygen administration in acute and post-recovery brain ischemia, as evident by studies in neurophysiology imaging. While O2 is still part of common clinical practice, it remains unclear whether its routine use is safe.

Extra-auditory effects of noise exposure in school workers and preventive measures: a systematic review.

Noise is still today one of the main causes of occupational diseases; in fact, in Italy in the three-year period 2019-2022, hearing loss represented 15% of all occupational diseases recognized by the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work. The extra-auditory effects related to noise exposure also require particular attention, because they can interfere with mental activities that require concentration, memory and ability to deal with complex problems, causing sleep and learning disorders. For this reason, acoustic comfort is considered a fundamental requirement for obtaining an optimal degree of well-being in closed environments. In schools, a high degree of noise pollution not only makes it difficult for students to listen and learn, but also affects school workers. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of international literature and analysis of the preventive measures of extra-auditory effects among school workers. The presentation of this systematic review is in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed with specific rating tools (INSA, Newcastle Ottawa Scale, JADAD, JBI scale and AMSTAR). Only publications in English were selected. No restrictions were applied for the publication type. We excluded articles not concerned with the extra-auditory effects of noise exposure in school workers and preventive measures, findings of less academic significance, editorial articles, individual contributions, and purely descriptive studies published in scientific conferences. Online research indicated 4,363 references: PubMed (2,319), Scopus (1,615) and Cochrane Library (429) have been consulted; 30 studies were included in this review (5 narrative or systematic reviews and 25 original articles). Regarding the scores of narrative reviews, the INSA score showed an average and a median value of 6.5, thus indicating an intermediate/high quality of the studies. Regarding the scores of systematic reviews, the AMSTAR score showed an average of 6.7 and a median and a modal value of 6, thus indicating a high quality of the studies. The scores assigned to the original articles have an average and median value of 7and a modal value of 6 and this demonstrates an intermediate/high quality of the studies. We can assume that, as it is highlighted by this study, to date these consequences are not considered at the legislative level for the protection of exposed workers. The extra-auditory effects impacting health afterward environmental noise exposure are many and widespread. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to be carried out by institutions and that the physician of the schools, during health surveillance, investigates the effects and clinical manifestations, in order to prevent disorders and deficits highlighted by our study.

HEDGING THROUGH THE USE OF IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS IN INDONESIAN OP-ED ARTICLES

The presence of an opinion editorial (op-ed) page has provided room for the public to articulate their ideas about the recent salient issues at no cost. The notion that the authors of an op-ed article could express their ideas and arguments in public space makes them need certain devices like hedges to protect themselves from any negative consequences such as rejection from readers if in fact their argument is considered false. This article is intended to investigate the use of impersonal constructions as hedging devices in 45 Indonesian opinion editorial articles published by three leading national newspapers: Kompas, Tempo, and Republika. Impersonal construction in this case refers to a grammatical construction that avoids the use of a human subject in the sentence. This construction includes the use of agentless passive voice and abstract rhetors. A qualitative research design is applied in this study. This study reveals 56 occurrences of impersonal construction with details of 53 data belonging to the agentless passive voice category and 3 data belonging to the abstract rhetors category in the 45 articles examined. The use of such constructions in op-ed articles can be a means to protect the authors from the consequences of being blamed if in any case, the argument they stated is different from the reality. Furthermore, this construction can also be used to avoid the subjectivity of the claim and direct the focus of the argument to the content of the text and not the authors.Â

The 50 most cited articles and science mapping analysis of vaginal tightening.

The study was aimed at exploring the 50 most cited articles related to vaginal tightening. The papers were searched through the Thomson Reuters Web of Science on 30 July 2022, and were ranked by the total number of citations. The included articles were analyzed for author, journal, country, number of citations, keywords, subject matter, and level of evidence. The search output was also imported into VOSviewer. The 50 most cited articles were cited a combined total of 2,558 times. The papers were published between 1990 and 2020, of which 86% were published between 2010 and 2020. They included 38 original articles, 8 reviews, 3 editorial articles, and 1 letter. Most articles were published in gynecology-related journals (n=30, 60%). The articles covered a wide range of topics, the most common being laser/radiofrequency treatment, vaginal tightening procedures, and urinary incontinence. The majority presented findings supported by level IV or V evidence. Through co-occurrence analysis, high-frequency words and countries were displayed well. The study shed light on frequently read articles and influential topics about vaginal tightening. The highly cited literature mainly focused on laser or radiofrequency treatments and gynecologists currently dominate the highly cited literature on vaginal tightening. The articles related to surgical treatments are low in number and evidence level so far. The co-occurrence analysis reveals the hot research content and active countries in the field. In general, the study provides useful evidence for future research and educational materials.