Edge Of Tongue Research Articles

Quilotórax bilateral após esvaziamento cervical: um raro relato de caso

Objetivo: relatar um caso de quilotórax bilateral após esvaziamento cervical devido a carcinoma de língua, complicação rara descrita 65 vezes na literatura. Detalhamento do caso: mulher, 63 anos, atendida no ambulatório de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço com grande lesão vegetante em borda lateral esquerda da língua, a biopsia incisional diagnosticou carcinoma espinocelular, paciente então foi encaminhada para realizar glossectomia parcial à esquerda associado a esvaziamento cervical radical tipo 2 à esquerda e esvaziamento cervical supra homoióideo à direita. Evoluiu com dispneia moderada no 2º dia pós operatório, através do exame físico, radiografia de tórax e análise do líquido pós toracocentese foi diagnosticado quilotórax bilateral, uma complicação extremamente rara, uma vez que não houve lesão do ducto torácico. Considerações finais: trata-se de uma complicação rara e importante, o melhor método para minimizar as consequências e a taxa de morbidade é o diagnóstico precoce. Logo, deve-se aprimorar os registros na literatura e o manejo clínico cirúrgico e clínico a fim de obter prognóstico melhor desses pacientes.

The oligodendrocyte growth cone and its actin cytoskeleton: A fundamental element for progenitor cell migration and CNS myelination.

Cells of the oligodendrocyte (OLG) lineage engage in highly motile behaviors that are crucial for effective central nervous system (CNS) myelination. These behaviors include the guided migration of OLG progenitor cells (OPCs), the surveying of local environments by cellular processes extending from differentiating and pre-myelinating OLGs, and during the process of active myelin wrapping, the forward movement of the leading edge of the myelin sheath's inner tongue along the axon. Almost all of these motile behaviors are driven by actin cytoskeletal dynamics initiated within a lamellipodial structure that is located at the tip of cellular OLG/OPC processes and is structurally as well as functionally similar to the neuronal growth cone. Accordingly, coordinated stoichiometries of actin filament (F-actin) assembly and disassembly at these OLG/OPC growth cones have been implicated in directing process outgrowth and guidance, and the initiation of myelination. Nonetheless, the functional importance of the OLG/OPC growth cone still remains to be fully understood, and, as a unique aspect of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, F-actin depolymerization and disassembly start to predominate at the transition from myelination initiation to myelin wrapping. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about OLG/OPC growth cones, and it proposes a model in which actin cytoskeletal dynamics in OLG/OPC growth cones are a main driver for morphological transformations and motile behaviors. Remarkably, these activities, at least at the later stages of OLG maturation, may be regulated independently from the transcriptional gene expression changes typically associated with CNS myelination.

SPINDLE CELL CARCINOMA OF THE TONGUE: A CASE REPORT

Spindle cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma composed of sarcoma-like component and foci of squamous differentiation. SCC comprises less than 3% of all head and neck cancers, and is rare in the oral cavity. This case refers to a 29-year-old male patient with a polypoid ulcerated lesion on the right edge of tongue, with 6 weeks’ evolution. The incisional biopsy showed proliferation of atypical spindle cells forming small crisscross fascicles and foci of squamous differentiation. Tumor cells were positive for AE1/AE3, vimentin, and α-SMA, but negative for S-100 protein and desmin. The diagnosis was SCC. The patient was subjected to partial glossectomy and radiotherapy. SCC is a high-grade malignancy with recurrence rates above 70% and distant metastasis in approximately 30% of cases. In this work, it is intend to contribute to better knowledge of this malignancy and discuss the relevance of morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis for its diagnosis.

능동 윤곽선 모델을 이용한 혀 영역의 검출

본 논문에서는 설진시스템에서 혀 영역의 윤곽선을 정확하게 검출하기 위해 영역제한 마스크 연산과 능동 윤곽선 모델을 적용한다. 혀의 특징을 정확하게 분석하기 위하여 먼저, 혀 영역이 검출되어야 한다. 그러므로 혀 영역의 에지를 검출하기 위한 효율적인 분할 방법은 매우 중요하다. 20~30대 학생 30명으로 구성된 혀 영상 DB로 실험하였다. 실제 혀 영상에서의 실험은 좋은 결과를 보였다. 실험 결과, 제안된 방법이 마스크 연산을 사용하지 않는 방법에 비해 더 정확하게 혀 영역의 윤곽선을 추출하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. In this paper, we apply limited area mask operation and active contour model to accurately detect tongue area outline in tongue diagnosis system. To accurately analyze the properties of the tongue, first, the tongue area to be detected. Therefore an effective segmentation method for detecting the edge of tongue is very important. It experimented with tongue image DB consists of 20~30 students 30 people. Experiments on real tongue image show the good performance of this method. Experimental results show that the proposed method extracts object boundaries more accurately than existing methods without mask operation.

Comparing Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set Theory Method and Canny Algorithm for Edge Detection to Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine

The tongue diagnosis is an important diagnostic method in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Human tongue is one of the im­portant organs which contain the information of health status. Image segmentation has always been a fundamental problem and complex task in the field of image processing and computer vision. Its goal is to change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze. In other words, it is used to partition a given image into several parts in each of which the intensity is homogeneous. In order to achieve an automatic tongue diagnostic system, an effective segmentation me­thod for detecting the edge of tongue is very important. We mainly compare the Chan Vese Method and Canny algorithm for edge segmentation. The segmentation using Canny algorithm may produce many false edges after cutting; thus, it is not suitable for use. But, for our two steps Chan Vese method can automatically select the best edge information. Therefore, it may be useful in clinical automated tongue diagnosis system. Experiments show the results of these techniques.

Comparing Level Set Method and Canny Algorithm for Edge Detection to Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine

The tongue diagnosis is an important diagnostic method in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Human tongue is one of the im¬portant organs which contain the information of health status. In order to achieve an automatic tongue diagnostic system, an effective segmentation me¬thod for detecting the edge of tongue is very important. We mainly compare the Level Set Method and Canny algorithm for edge segmentation. The segmentation using Canny algorithm may produce many false edges after cutting; thus, it is not suitable for use. But, Level Set Method can produce better edge contour. Therefore, it may be useful in clinical automated tongue diagnosis system. Experiments show the results of these techniques.

Healing process after surgical treatment with scalpel, electrocautery and laser radiation: histomorphologic and histomorphometric analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the healing process after surgical treatment of chemically induced lesions in the lateral edge of tongue of hamsters performed with scalpel, electrocautery, carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser radiation or neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser radiation. Eighty hamsters of both sexes were used and examined at postoperative days 7, 14, 21 and 28 by histological and histomorphometric analysis of the skeletal muscle fibers. In the histological analysis it was observed that the dynamics of the healing process was faster in the group treated by scalpel than in the other groups. The histomorphometric observation of the skeletal muscle fibers was submitted to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparison test, with a level of significance set at P < 0.05, which showed that the amount of skeletal muscle fiber formed had significantly increased in the group treated by scalpel in comparison with that in the groups treated by electrocautery (P < 0.01), CO(2) laser irradiation (P < 0.001) and Nd:YAG laser irradiation (P < 0.01) on the 14th postoperative day. A gradual increase in skeletal muscle fibers formed during the healing process was observed in all groups. When the laser irradiated groups were compared, it was possible to conclude that tissue organization and vascularization were faster and more intense in the Nd:YAG laser irradiated group than in the CO(2) laser irradiated group.

Multiparameter Critical Situations, Universality and Scaling in Two-Dimensional Period-Doubling Maps

We review critical situations, linked with period-doubling transition to chaos, which require using at least two-dimensional maps as models representing the universality classes. Each of them corresponds to a saddle solution of the two-dimensional generalization of Feigenbaum-Cvitanovic equation and is characterized by a set of distinct universal constants analogous to Feigenbaum’s α and δ. One type of criticality designated H was discovered by several authors in 80-th in the context of period doubling in conservative dynamics, but occurs as well in dissipative dynamics, as a phenomenon of codimension 2. Second is bicritical behavior, which takes place in systems allowing decomposition onto two dissipative period-doubling subsystems, each of which is brought by parameter tuning onto a threshold of chaos. Types of criticality designated as FQ and C occur in non-invertible two-dimensional maps. We present and discuss a number of realistic systems manifesting those types of critical behavior and point out some relevant conditions of their potential observation in physical systems. In particular, we indicate a possibility for realization of the H type criticality without vanishing dissipation, but with its compensation in a self-oscillatory system. Next, we present a number of examples (coupled Henon-like maps, coupled driven oscillators, coupled chaotic self-oscillators), which manifest bicritical behavior. For FQ-type we indicate possibility to arrange it in non-symmetric systems of coupled period-doubling subsystems, e.g. in Henon-like maps and in Chua’s circuits. For C-type we present examples of its appearance in a driven Rossler oscillator at the period-doubling accumulation on the edge of syncronization tongue and in a model map with the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation

A case of radiation-induced spindle cell sarcoma of tongue

Objectives: Sarcoma arising from tongue is rare. We have experienced a case of sarcoma possibly induced by previous radiation to the oral cavity. The clinical course and the management of this tumor is presented Methods: A 70-year-old male received chemoradiotherapy to his mesopharyngeal cancer (T3N1M0) in December 2000. The patient was well until July 2003 when he has had a rapidly growing mass lesion arising from the right edge of tongue. A couple of biopsies were done and the pathology showed granulation without malignancy. Because of the further rapidly growing tumor mass in October 2003, a radical excision of the tumor was done. Results: A 7 × 4 × 5.5 cm grayish elastic hard tumor was removed from his oral cavity. The tumor invaded deeply into the tongue and hence the right one third of the tongue was excised along with the tumor. Histopathologically, the tumor showed interwoven spindle-shaped cells with marked atypia. Part of the spindle cells infiltrated into the tongue tissues. Immunohistochemical stains showed AE1(-), CAM5.2(-), Vimentin(+), f ¿-SMA(+). Radiation-induced spindle cell sarcoma was most suspected. Conclusion: We have experienced a case of spindle cell sarcoma possible induced by the previous radiation. Radical excision is crucial in the treatment of this tumor.

The lateral tongue reflex in human neonates.

We undertook an investigation of the lateral tongue reflex to determine whether reflex sensitivity was systematically related to selected perinatal factors. The subjects were 24 male and 27 female newborns with a mean age of 28.9 hr. (SD = 16.8, range 5--72 hr.). The lateral tongue reflex was elicited by applying tactile stimulation of varying intensity to the lateral edge of the tongue approximately 1 cm off midline. Eight different stimuli from the Semmes-Weinstein esthesiometer were used; forces ranged from 68 mg to 3.6 gm. A total of 32 stimulations were given in two repetitions of 16 each (8 on the right side and 8 on the left side). The mean number of positive responses was 19.9 (SD = 3.2, range 13--25), with a 5% response at the lowest level of stimulation and a 100% response at the highest level. There were not differences in total number of positive responses or thresholds on the right and left sides, or in Repetitions I and II. There were no differences between males and females, vaginally and caesarian delivered infants, or resuscitated and non-resuscitated infants. No systematic differences were observed as a function of length of labor, obstetric medications, postnatal age at time of testing, Apgar scores, birth weight, or gestational age. The results suggest that the lateral tongue reflex is a stable and reproducible response that could be used to measure oral sensation, both in normal neonates and in subjects with various anatomical and/or neurosensory deficits.