EDFA Amplifier Research Articles

Analysis of a visible light communication system with QAM-OFDM modulated white LEDs using FSO

The popularity of visible light communication (VLC) has increased recently because of the advancement of LEDs and the quantity of lighting bandwidth, which enables faster and more reliable transmission. High-speed transmission via LED networks is made possible by QAM-OFDM technology, which maximizes spectral efficiency and interference robustness to improve the VLC. For the proposed work, two OFDM modulation techniques (a PSK-OFDM and a QAM-OFDM with white LED, RZ/NRZ encoding schemes, and EDFA/SOA amplifiers) are used in the design of the VLC transmitter and receiver of the FSO channel. The design and investigation make use of the OptiSystem v21 simulation tool to assess the performance of the VLC system with an emphasis on the bit error rate, extinction ratio, and signal quality criteria. The results show that the QAM-OFDM with an RZ scheme and EDFA amplifier is the more competent than PSK-OFDM, with a Q factor of 3.94, a BER of 3.71∗10−5, and an extinction ratio of 10.18. The proposed network has a 10–60 Gbps data throughput limit and a 10 m link range in the presence of atmospheric conditions and noise effects.

Total net-rate of 27.88 Tb/s full C-band transmission over 4,550 km using 150 km span length and high-gain EDFA amplification

We experimentally demonstrate a total net-rate of 27.88 Tb/s for C-band wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission over an ultralong span-length of 150 km. It is the largest net capacity × span-length product of 4182 Tb/s·km for C-band, single-core, standard single-mode optical fiber transmission over a length of more than 3,000 km. A total of 99 channels, spaced at 50 GHz intervals, are employed for transmitting 32 GBaud probabilistically constellation-shaped (PCS) 64QAM signals with an information entropy of 5.5. High gain amplifiers can achieve wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission with a bandwidth of 6.25 THz, at a noise figure below 4.3 dB, without the assistance of distributed Raman amplification.

High efficiency coupling fibers with different types of photo detectors for the management of noise multiplication and efficient bandwidth

Abstract This work has clarified the high efficiency coupling fibers with different types of photo detectors for the management of noise multiplication and efficient bandwidth. As well as the study of the base band signal to noise base band form ratios are clarified with EDFA base band amplifier length variations. Max Q form factor with EDFA amplifier base band length variations is also demonstrated. The optimum base band electrical signal form power is simulated with EDFA base band amplifier length variations. The simulative study of Ge and InGaAs PIN photo-detectors performance evaluation are studied in the presence of the soliton transmission fiber systems. The dispersion management by the soliton technique to reach the value around zero. The max base band signal power form is clarified versus time based Ge and InGaAs PIN photo-detectors. Total base band electrical power form based Ge and InGaAs PIN photo-detectors are demonstrated. Max signal base form power amplitude band is simulated with the spectral base band frequency based Ge and InGaAs PIN photo-detectors. The max signal base form power amplitude band is studied versus time based Ge PIN photo-detectors.

Performance Analysis of the WDM Schemes for RoF System with Various Bit Rate

Communication that combines the methodologies of the two communications can be considered as communication fiber optic communication and can be used in communication systems and wireless. The integration of optical and wireless networks can function to increase mobility and capacity as well as reduce costs in access networks. Radio over fiber (RoF) can be a solution for many problems because it can control many base stations (BS) connected to a central station (CS) with an optical fiber. The high bit error rate (BER) and low Q factor value are caused by the Rof signal head received in low quality, so the receiver may not operate on high data speed networks. The solution to different signal problems and can be done with single mode fiber is the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) network. BER must be reduced to a guaranteed value, and the Q factor must be increased. WDM-RoF probes with different fiber lengths at various channel distances will be: simulated using Optisystem software, and the performance of the RoF receiver is measured and analyzed depending on the obtained BER, Q-factor value, and eye aperture height. The effects of degradation factors such as attenuation and dispersion are very limited with the addition of EDFA amplifier to Single Mode Fiber (SMF). The higher the bit rate of a communication system, the lower the performance of the system. In this study, analysis of the WDM-Rof system with bit rate variations was carried out to determine the bit rate value that still met the standard. From the simulation results, the Q-Factor and BER values at a bit rate of 11 Gbps do not meet the standards, i.e 4.50508 and 2.5390e-006.

Analyzing the Parameter for 5G Communication for the FSO System along the EDFA Amplifier

Analyzing the Parameter for 5G Communication for the FSO System along the EDFA Amplifier

Performance signature of transceiver communication system based on the cascade uniform fiber Bragg grating devices

Abstract This paper presented the high performance signature of transceiver fiber system based on cascade uniform fiber Bragg grating devices. This model has a data rate of 20 Gb/s extended along optical fiber length of 10 km that amplified with an optical EDFA amplifiers at 5 m length. The presented study clarified max. Q of 20.33 compared to the previous models at the value of 8.66. The electrical visualizer measured the total power at the receiver that is 9.564 dBm at the previous model and 23.347 dBm at the presented model. Therefore the total power at the receiver increased by 2.44 times at the presented model and the max. Q also upgraded by 2.96 times at the presented model.

Design and analysis of high-speed data optical fiber communication system through EDFA amplifier system

Abstract This study presented design and analysis of high-speed data optical fiber communication system through EDFA amplifier system. The design with practical data for parameters to maximize the transmission bit-rate is clarified. The bit rate distance product can be optimized for the improvement of performance of high-speed long haul repeater spacing with amplification technique. The basic amplification system for optical fiber communication system is clarified. Transmitter/receiver components with the circuit connections and the operation are also indicated in details. The practical circuit model of the transmitter and receiver are designed clearly in this work. The design of distribution maps to measure the Q factor and minimum bit error rate and many different simulation models for applied to achieve high-speed data optical fiber communication system.

Performance Enhancement of DWDM Optical Fiber Communication Systems Based on Amplification Techniques

This paper deals with improving transmission properties of a DWDM system based on amplification techniques. Parameter values change due to a change in the type of optical amplifier or an adjustment of the parameters of the optical amplifiers. Optimization summarizes the knowledge of the systems and software that are used. These assumptions are verified by a set of simulations and the obtained numerical values are compared with the values given in the relevant articles. The proposed design, which uses a larger number of EDFA amplifiers over long distances, has been found to perform better than single amplifier systems. In addition, the proposed solution is better in transmission characteristics than other approaches with a similar purpose.

A simplified model and gain analysis of Raman-EDFA hybrid amplifier for DWDM system

Present communication providesa hybrid amplifier that can find suitable applications in DWDM optical network. The proposed hybrid amplifier includes EDFA and Raman amplifiers to envisage high gain characteristics for 64 channels in both the S + C band and S + C + L wavelength band (1545–1570 nm). Various parameters of the hybrid amplifier, such as doping concentration, pump power, pump wavelength, and fiber length, is chosen to optimize the gain profile. Aside from this, simulation upshots for individual amplifiers infer that EDFA shows a high gain of 22.1 dB for co-directional pumping, and the Raman amplifier deduces a gain of 12.2 dB for counter-directional pumping, whereas the EDFA-Raman hybrid amplifier bestows a substantial-high gain of 23.03 dB for co-directional pumping configuration. Additionally, it has been inferred that the hybrid amplifier offers a very minimal gain ripple of 0.8 dB, which indicates the gain is almost flat. The pump power, length, and doping parameters of EDFA and Raman amplifiers are optimized to get the flat gain of the Hybrid amplifier. It has been demonstrated that a maximum gain of 23.03 dB for a 64 × 10 Gbps, 25 GHz system is attainable up to 100 km of transmission distance. Hence, considering the aforementioned high gain and flat gain characteristics, the suggested EDFA-Raman hybrid amplifier opens up an avenue for future optical dense wavelength division multiplexing systems.

Gain flattened and C/L band amplified spontaneous emission noise re-injected L-band EDFA

Abstract Explosive increase in internet services put peer pressure on conventional band grid (1530–1570 nm) and therefore L-band wide wavelength grid is required to cater the ever-increasing demands. In this work, accentuation is given to enhance the gain flattening of ultradense (25 GHz) L-band WDM system using single stage EDFA amplifier when ultralow power is launched from 16 and 32 channels. High gain and gain flattening is achieved by incorporating three fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for amplified spontaneous noise reinjection. Maximum Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is emerged at 1565 nm for the 1575.69–1579 nm input wavelengths (16 channels) and 1572.58–1579 nm (32 channels) at −55 dBm ultra low carrier powers. To optimize different parameters of L-band EDFA, different physical parameters such as core radius, EDF link lengths, and launched powers are varied, and results are analyzed in terms of lateness. Maximum gain is found out to be 34.12 dB at optimal physical parameters of the EDF with gain flatness of ±0.45 dB in case of 16 channels and ±1.41 in case of 32 channels.

DATA ANALYSIS WHEN CREATING AN EXTENDED GIGABIT OPTICAL NETWORK

The article describes the application of data analysis, which allows, based on the processed experimental data, to obtain new knowledge about the behavior and capabilities of a gigabit passive optical network (GPON network). The description of the test bench of the GPON network is given. The paper studied the characteristics of semiconductor optical amplifiers used to increase the range of GPON networks, as well as their dependence on the input power and signal wavelength. For data processing, the MatLab mathematical calculation automation package and the OriginLab package for numerical data analysis and scientific graphics were used. It is shown that the use of an EDFA amplifier (an optical amplifier on an erbium-doped fiber) in the architecture of a gigabit passive optical network is the best choice and allows expanding the range of the GPON network from 20 kilometers to 60 kilometers.

Optimization of hybrid amplifier parameters for improved optical link performance

In this manuscript, the gain of the EDFA-Raman hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) is maximized using a popular nature inspired Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The dominating parameters of HOA, length of Raman amplifier and EDFA and its pump powers are optimized to get the maximum possible gain. Further, the performance of WOA is compared by using other metaheuristic techniques such as Real coded Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization, to optimize the same model of HOA. WOA proves to be a better optimization technique as it is able to find maximum gain, have a better convergence curve and box plot performance as compared to the other three techniques. Moreover, the gain flatness and noise figure performance of HOA is compared with EDFA and Raman amplifier.

Estimation of four wave mixing effect in pre-, post- and in-line configuration of EDFA using advanced modulation formats for 1.28 Tbps WDM system

This paper reported the effect of different EDFA configurations on the four wave mixing (FWM) effect in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system which is operating at 1.28 Tbps data speed. Also, the comparative analysis of pre-, post (booster) and inline configuration of EDFA using both forward pumping and backward pumping techniques at variable input signal power and pump signal power levels. Further, the effect of various modulation formats on the signal quality of WDM system is analyzed in presence of dispersion compensated fiber. The original contribution of this investigation is to check the effect of EDFA amplification on FWM for future high-speed optical access networks and it can be observed that in line EDFA amplification configuration gives the best amplification performance among other configurations.

Simulative and analytical methods of bidirectional EDFA amplifiers in optical communication links in the optimum case

Abstract This study has demonstrated the simulative and analytical methods of bidirectional EDFA amplifiers in optical communication links in the optimum case. The output power, max. Q factor and light signal/noise ratio variations are clarified with pump power variations at the bidirectional amplification EDFA amplifier for the previous/proposed models at optimum EDFA length of 8 m. As well as the output power and max. Q factor variations with EDFA amplifier length variations are demonstrated at the bidirectional amplification EDFA amplifier for the previous/proposed models at various pump power levels. The optimum operation efficiency case is observed at 8 m EDFA amplifier length and 120 mW pumping power.

Performance Evaluation of a novel dense hybrid passive optical network for acceptable modulation technique using EDFA amplifiers

Good rating services in terms of high speed data rate, good quality video signal and high speed telecommunication is the prime requirement for the current customers which have resolved in this research work for the first time best of our knowledge for 200 customers with the power amplification from EDFA optical amplifiers. Further, transmission of three play services signals have carried out from different modulation techniques (RZ, NRZ,Manchester, DBPSK and DQPSK modulator) to get the best outcomes. Furthermore, analysis of recommended dense hybrid passive optical network (DHPON) has also done in terms of bit error rate (BER), quality factor (Q-factor), and jitter. Final evaluation has recommended that RZ modulation technique is the acceptable choice to deliver the best services for the customers end.

An effective integration of the PM 16-QAM modulation in enhanced metropolitan networks with the EDFA amplification

Abstract This paper deals with the integration of polarization multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation format in optical metropolitan networks enhanced with the signal amplification. Before expensive experimental setup or practical testing and demonstration, we prefer creating of appropriate simulation platform for the optical transmission system. A novelty can be found in adjusting, optimizing and construction of the proposed optical system and functional parts for any modulation format used. So, such simulation platform is first introduced along with possibilities for numerical simulations of its optical components - laser and amplifier. By this way, essential noise tolerances for comparison with the data under real conditions are included. Subsequently, there are characterized implementations of terminal devices in detail with a possibility for upgrading to the dual-polarization mode operation. Finally, simulation results from the simulation platform are presented and a discussion about demands for effective exploitation of the polarization multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation in enhanced optical metropolitan networks concludes our contribution.

Evaluation of Fiber Optic Raman Scattering Distributed Temperature Sensor Between –196 and 400 °C

Distributed temperature sensors have been proposed for a wide variety of scientific and industrial applications and represent an important technology for modern infrastructures. Due to the range of potential applications, distributed fiber optic sensors based on spontaneous Raman scattering have been studied both theoretically and experimentally. This article presents the experimental evaluation of a distributed fiber optic temperature sensor based on spontaneous Raman scattering over a wide temperature range, from -196 °C to +400 °C. The sensor is implemented using a commercial OTDR, a standard EDFA amplifier and a standard optical fiber link. Besides, a special type of optical fiber for high temperature operation, featuring metallic coating, is also assessed as the sensor element. The integrity of the fibers following the exposure to the extreme temperatures is analyzed. The results provide values for the sensitivity, accuracy and resolution of the sensor in the wide range of temperatures.

A Comparative Study of Performances Between the WDM PON System and the CWDM PON System in an Optical Access Network

Abstract The growth of optical technology is currently being studied extensively to meet the significant demand for bandwidth. The passive optical network (PON) solves the problem of bandwidth as it extends the optical network to individuals and businesses [Sifta R, Munster P, Krajsa O, Filka M, “Simulation of bidirectional traffic in WDM-PON networks", Brno University of Technology, ISSN 0033–2097, R. 90 NR 1/2014.]. In this paper, a comparative study is made between the WDM PON system and the CWDM PON system using two different architectures, one for the WDM PON and the other for the CWDM PON, to illustrate the appropriate technique for the PON network by increasing the Q factor and the OSNR ratio while minimizing the bit error rate (BER < 10–9 ). Both systems are simulated at 10 Gbps for four users of bidirectional SMF (Single Mode Fiber) fiber lengths and different powers. In order to determine the transmission performance for both systems, the link was designed for fiber lengths of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 km as well as for powers from −10 dBm up to 10 dBm for four users. The use of the EDFA amplifier in the WDM PON system is required in this document to minimize degradation caused by attenuation [Parkirti RDK, Singh R. Cost-efficient Colorless WDM-PON Based on RSOA for High Capacity. Int J Adv Res Comput Eng Technol (IJARCET). 2016;5]. On the contrary, in the CWDM PON system, the amplification is not essential because the wavelengths used in this system are not affected by the water peak which causes a strong attenuation of the wavelengths in the 1370–1410 nm range on optical fibers [Nazir M, Arshad F, Asif R. Design and evaluation of power budget for a bidirectional CWDM-Passive Optical Network. In: International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital Systems (C-CODE), Islamabad, Pakistan, 04 May 2017.]. The peak of water vapor absorption is close to 1383 nm.

Comparative Simulation Study of Multi Stage Hybrid All Optical Fiber Amplifiers in Optical Communications

Abstract This study clarifies the comparison between hybrid all optical fiber amplifiers in single-stage and multi-stage amplification. EDFA/Raman, Raman/EDFA/Raman, and EDFA/Raman/EDFA configurations are employed for upgrading optical communication systems. Single-stage Raman amplifiers clarifies very better performance than single-stage EDFA amplifier. Multi-stage Raman/EDFA/Raman also outlines very better performance than other hybrid configuration up to 475 km distance. Single-stage Raman amplification has outlined maxi. Q factor up to 218.392 for 250 km distance and 11.937 up to 475 km propagation range. So hybrid all optical amplifiers are essentially for upgrading optical system performance efficiency.

Pump Laser Automatic Signal Control for Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Gain, Noise Figure, and Output Spectral Power

Abstract This paper has simulated the pump laser automatic signal control for erbium-doped fiber amplifier gain, noise figure, and output spectral power. Signal gain and noise figure are deeply studied in relation to laser pump power variations at operating pumping wavelengths of 980 nm and 1,480 nm for previous and proposed models. Similar to the study of the light signal to noise ratio, output power level and maximum Q factor are also simulated versus EDFA amplifier length at pumping power of 500 mW and different pumping wavelength by using the proposed model. The obtained results are better by using a pumping wavelength of 1,480 nm than a pumping wavelength of 980 nm. The optimum EDFA amplifier is 5 m, which gives better performance than other amplifier lengths.