Edematous Rat Research Articles

In vivo assessment of pulmonary edema and fibrosis in rats using separation of single and multiple scattering contributions and quantitative ultrasound

The application of spectral quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and envelope statistical methods to lung ultrasound is complicated due to the presence of multiple scattering (MS). In this study, the relationship between QUS assessment of lung disease and scattering regime was explored by applying QUS to lung ultrasound data, where the single scattering (SS) and MS components were separated. Data were acquired by a Verasonics Vantage ultrasound scanner from 15 healthy rats, 19 edematous rats, and 20 fibrotic rats. SS and MS components of the data were separated by a random matrix theory approach. Spectral QUS and envelope statistical parameters were then estimated from the SS and MS data separately. Initial results were obtained using the healthy and pulmonary edema data, where the extracted QUS parameters were correlated to the wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio, a gold standard measurement of edema. Several QUS parameters were significantly correlated to W/D ratio for both the SS and MS data, and the highest correlation coefficient was 0.53 using the SS data and 0.48 using the MS data. These results demonstrate the utility of QUS for assessing lung disease and provide further insight on the effects of SS and MS on spectral QUS and envelope statistical parameters.

In vivo assessment of pulmonary fibrosis and edema in rodents using the backscatter coefficient and envelope statistics.

Quantitative ultrasound methods based on the backscatter coefficient (BSC) and envelope statistics have been used to quantify disease in a wide variety of tissues, such as prostate, lymph nodes, breast, and thyroid. However, to date, these methods have not been investigated in the lung. In this study, lung properties were quantified by BSC and envelope statistical parameters in normal, fibrotic, and edematous rat lungs in vivo. The average and standard deviation of each parameter were calculated for each lung as well as the evolution of each parameter with acoustic propagation time within the lung. The transport mean free path and backscattered frequency shift, two parameters that have been successfully used to assess pulmonary fibrosis and edema in prior work, were evaluated in combination with the BSC and envelope statistical parameters. Multiple BSC and envelope statistical parameters were found to provide contrast between control and diseased lungs. BSC and envelope statistical parameters were also significantly correlated with fibrosis severity using the modified Ashcroft fibrosis score as the histological gold standard. These results demonstrate the potential for BSC and envelope statistical parameters to improve the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis and edema as well as monitor pulmonary fibrosis.

In Vivo Assessment of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Edema in Rodents Using Ultrasound Multiple Scattering.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects 200 000 patients in the United States of America. IPF is responsible for changes in the micro-architecture of the lung parenchyma, such as thickening of the alveolar walls, which reduces compliance and elasticity. In this study, we verify the hypothesis that changes in the microarchitecture of the lung parenchyma can be characterized by exploiting multiple scattering of ultrasound waves by the alveolar structure. Ultrasound propagation in a highly scattering regime follows a diffusion process, which can be characterized using the diffusion constant. We hypothesize that in a fibrotic lung, the thickening of the alveolar wall reduces the amount of air (compared with a healthy lung), thereby minimizing the scattering events. Pulmonary fibrosis is created in Sprague-Dawley rats by instilling bleomycin into the airway. The rats are studied within 3 weeks after bleomycin administration. Using a 128-element linear array transducer operating at 7.8 MHz, in vivo experimental data are obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats and the transport mean free path (L*) and backscatter frequency shift (BFS) are evaluated. Significant differences ( ) in the L* values between control and fibrotic rats and in the BFS values between fibrotic and edematous rats showcase the potential of these parameters for diagnosis and monitoring of IPF.

An implicit discontinuous Galerkin method for modeling acute edema and resuscitation in the small intestine.

Edema, also termed oedema, is a generalized medical condition associated with an abnormal aggregation of fluid in a tissue matrix. In the intestine, excessive edema can lead to serious health complications associated with reduced motility. A $7.5\%$ solution of hypertonic saline (HS) has been hypothesized as an effective means to reduce the effects of edema following surgery or injury. However, detailed clinical edema experiments can be difficult to implement, or costly, in practice. In this manuscript we introduce an implicit in time discontinuous Galerkin method with novel adaptations for modeling edema in the 3D layered physiology of the intestine. The model improves over early work via inclusion of the tissue intrinsic storage coefficient, and the effects of Starling overestimation for high venous pressures. Validation against a recent clinical experiment in HS resuscitation of acute edema is presented; the results support the clinical hypothesis that 7.5% HS solution may be effective in the resuscitation of acute edema formation. New results include an improved view into the effects of resuscitation on the hydrostatic pressure profile of edematous rats, effects on lumenal volume attenuation, relative fluid gain and an estimation of the impacts of both acute edema and resuscitation on intestinal motility.

Characterization of the Lung Parenchyma Using Ultrasound Multiple Scattering

The purpose of the study described here was to showcase the application of ultrasound to quantitative characterization of the micro-architecture of the lung parenchyma to predict the extent of pulmonary edema. The lung parenchyma is a highly complex and diffusive medium for which ultrasound techniques have remained qualitative. The approach presented here is based on ultrasound multiple scattering and exploits the complexity of ultrasound propagation in the lung structure. The experimental setup consisted of a linear transducer array with an 8-MHz central frequency placed in contact with the lung surface. The diffusion constant D and transport mean free path L* of the lung parenchyma were estimated by separating the incoherent and coherent intensities in the near field and measuring the growth of the incoherent diffusive halo over time. Significant differences were observed between the L* values obtained in healthy and edematous rat lungs in vivo. In the control rat lung, L* was found to be 332 μm (±48.8 μm), whereas in the edematous lung, it was 1040 μm (±90 μm). The reproducibility of the measurements of L* and D was tested in vivo and in phantoms made of melamine sponge with varying air volume fractions. Two-dimensional finite difference time domain numerical simulations were carried out on rabbit lung histology images with varying degrees of lung collapse. Significant correlations were observed between air volume fraction and L* in simulation (r = −0.9542, p < 0.0117) and sponge phantom (r = −0.9932, p < 0.0068) experiments. Ex vivo measurements of a rat lung in which edema was simulated by adding phosphate-buffered saline revealed a linear relationship between the fluid volume fraction and L*. These results illustrate the potential of methods based on ultrasound multiple scattering for the quantitative characterization of the lung parenchyma.

Characterization of the lung parenchyma using ultrasound multiple scattering

We use multiple scattering of ultrasound waves to characterize the lung micro-architecture in order to differentiate between a healthy lung and a lung suffering from Alveolar Interstitial Lung Diseases. The experimental setup consists of a linear transducer array with an 8 MHz central frequency placed in direct contact of the lung to be assessed. The diffusion constant D and scattering mean free path L* of the lung parenchyma are estimated by separating the incoherent and the coherent intensities in the near field. 2D FDTD numerical simulations were carried out on rabbit histology images with varying degrees of lung collapse. Phantom experiments were conducted in melamine sponges to study the variations in D and L* with varying air volume fraction. Significant correlations were observed between air volume fraction and L* in simulation (r = -0.9542, p<0.0117) and sponge phantom experiments (r = -0.9932, p<0.0068). Finally, in vivo measurements were conducted in healthy and edematous rat lungs. In the contr...

Efficacy of complete decongestive therapy (CDT) on edematous rat limb after lymphadenectomy demonstrated by real time lymphatic fluid tracing

Although complete decongestive therapy (CDT) is considered to reduce the volume of lymphedema, there is no concrete evidence to sustain its efficacy. The purpose of the present study was to find new evidence of CDT based on visualizing the changes of lymph fluid accumulating in an edematous limb using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent lymphography in real time.Twelve lymphedema rats were divided randomly into two groups. On the first day, ICG was injected into an edematous limb of rats, and no-intervention and CDT was applied to groups 1 and 2, respectively, for two weeks. ICG lymphography and circumferential measurements were done every two days in each two-week observation. The results indicates that a fluorescent flow to the ipsilateral axillary fossa was identified in all rats. In addition, network-like and dermal backflow patterns were observed in the lower legs and thighs. While manual lymph drainage was applied in the CDT group, the flow moved more rapidly through this pathway than that in the no-intervention group. An area of high-intensity fluorescent signals concentrated around the injection sites diminished in the CDT group more than that in the no-intervention-group after two weeks. Circumferential lengths of the edematous limbs were longer than the non-edematous limbs in both groups 1 and 2 on the day of ICG injection. The no-intervention group 1 showed no significance differences during 14 days, whereas the CDT group 2 exhibited very significant differences. These results suggest that CDT has beneficial effects in lymphedema treatment.

Compartmental relaxation and diffusion tensor imaging measurements in vivo in λ‐carrageenan‐induced edema in rat skeletal muscle

Integrated diffusion tensor T(2) measurements were made on normal and edematous rat muscle, and the data were fitted with one- and two-compartment models, respectively. Edematous muscle exhibited a short-lived component (T(2) = 28 +/- 6 ms), with diffusion characteristics similar to that of normal muscle, and a long-lived component (T(2) = 96 +/- 27 ms), with greater mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and lower fractional anisotropy (FA). With this two-component description of diffusion and relaxation, values of ADC and FA estimated with a conventional pulsed-gradient spin-echo sequence will depend on the echo time, relative fraction of short-lived and long-lived water signals, and the intrinsic ADC and FA values within the tissue. On the basis of the relative differences in water diffusion properties between long-lived and short-lived water signals, as well as the similarities between the short-lived component and normal tissue, it is postulated that these two signal components largely reflect intracellular and extracellular water.

Sodium MRI with coated magnetite: Measurement of extravascular lung water in rats

This study was done to see if signal intensity in sodium images of edematous rat lungs made after iv administration of a negative intravascular contrast agent could serve as a measure of the edema fluid present. First, a method to produce a stable condition of hydrostatic pulmonary edema was developed and verified by CT. Second, dose-response curves for coated magnetite preparations were constructed by giving edematous rats varied doses of these preparations and measuring signal intensity changes of various organs by sodium MRI in a 31-cm-bore 1.9-T magnet. Third, rats were given varied levels of pulmonary edema followed by a constant dose of coated magnetite to eliminate the plasma sodium signal. Finally, coated magnetite particles of two sizes were administered to rats, and the differences in effects on signal from various organs were measured. Signal intensity of the lungs after magnetite correlated (r = 0.86) with extravascular lung water measured gravimetrically, suggesting that sodium MRI may be useful for measuring pulmonary edema fluid. Smaller particles appear to remain in the blood longer than larger particles.

Atrial peptides and the renal response to hypervolemia in nephrotic rats

Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (iANP) levels in plasma of edematous rats with an experimental nephrotic syndrome produced by the injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) were not different from those in untreated rats. To test the ability of nephrotic rats to secrete iANP in response to a volume stress, the rats were subjected to 20% expansion of their estimated blood volumes using blood from donor rats. PAN-treated rats had very small natriuretic and diuretic responses compared with untreated rats; however, there was no difference in the secretory response of iANP, which increased approximately threefold in each group. There were highly significant correlations between changes in plasma iANP and changes in right atrial pressure in both normal and nephrotic rats. Nephrotic rats that were infused with synthetic ANP showed only a very small natriuretic and diuretic response compared with normal rats, and no change in glomerular filtration rate. The hypotensive response was still present, however. Urine concentration in nephrotic rats was much lower than in controls and was not increased by exogenous arginine vasopressin. It is concluded that the absence of a normal natriuretic and diuretic response to hypervolemia in PAN-treated rats is not caused by a failure to secrete ANP but might be a result of an intrarenal defect that makes their kidneys unresponsive.

Fluid reabsorption and glucose consumption in edematous rat lungs.

Solute and water uptake were studied in isolated perfused rat lungs with airspaces filled with the perfusion fluid. The albumin in this solution was labelled with Evans blue (T-1824), and uptake of fluid from the airspaces was documented by an increase in T-1824 concentration in airway fluid of 6.5 +/- 1.6% (n = 5, SEM) at 1 hour and 12.2 +/- 0.9% (n = 10) at 2 hours. The only detectable osmotic force that could have contributed to a loss of fluid from the alveolar fluid was a decrease in airspace glucose concentrations, which fell much more rapidly (from 150 mg/dl to 58.7 +/- 7.1 mg/dl, n = 10, after 2 hours) than plasma glucose (from 150 mg/dl to 128.9 +/- 3.7 mg/dl). Addition of 5 X 10(-5) M terbutaline to the perfusate and airspace solutions nearly doubled fluid reabsorption at 1 hour, an effect that was inhibited by propranolol and did not appear to be related to glucose consumption. Exposure to terbutaline for 2 hours increased epithelial permeability to 3H-mannitol and 22Na+. These observations suggest that active sodium transport and epithelial metabolism or transport of glucose in airway fluid may each play a role in the reabsorption of edema fluid.

Concentration of water, sodium, and potassium in the tissues of rats with circulatory insufficiency caused by constriction of the thoracic portion of the inferior vena cava

In edematous rats with circulatory insufficiency, the content of water and sodium in the muscle and liver rises while that of potassium declines per 1 g wet weight. The increased sodium and decreased potassium content in the tissues cannot be accounted for only by enlargement of the extracellular volume. In contrast to normal rats, the edematous ones show a negative linear correlation between the content of sodium and potassium in the muscle and liver. The total content of sodium and potassium in the tissues increases. It is assumed that part of intracellular potassium in the test tissues of rats with circulatory insufficiency is replaced by sodium. The proportion of sodium bound to structural components of the cell increases.

Glucose utilization by edematous rat lungs.

Edema was produced in the isolated perfused rat lung by raising left atrial pressure. Eleven control lungs consumed 18±3.9 µmoles glucose/lung · hr−1 and released 17.1±4.2 µmoles lactate/lung · hr−1. During pulmonary edema in 13 isolated perfused lungs, glucose consumption was 35.5±8.8 µmoles/lung · hr−1 (P<.05) and lactate production was 37±5.9 µmoles/lung · hr−1 (P<.05). Separation of radiolabeled glucose and lactate indicated that all lactate was derived from glucose in control and edematous lungs. We found no important difference in14CO2 production from 1-14C, 6-14C, or14C(U)-glucose. Tissue slices of lungs made edematous in vivo had differences in glucose consumption and lactate production which were similar to those observed in the isolated lungs. Oxygen consumption by 1 mm thick lung slices was 224±9.7 µl O2/mg DNA · hr−1 in control and 218±18 µl O2/mg DNA · hr−1 in edematous lungs. When dinitrophenol was added to the medium, the QO2 was greater in the control than in the edematous lung slices (391±22 µl O2/mg DNA · hr−1 control vs. 334±33 µl O2/mg DNA · hr−1 edema,P<.05). We concluded that pulmonary edema in the isolated rat lung is accompanied by: 1) greater glucose consumption; 2) greater lactate production; 3) no important difference in14CO2 production from pentose pathway or tricarboxylic cycle activity; and 4) lower response of edematous tissue slices to dinitrophenol stimulation.

Linear arrays of intramembranous particles in pulmonary tubular myelin.

Freeze-fracture preparations of tubular myelin in edematous rat lungs reveal the presence of linear arrays of intramembranous particles. The lines of particles are approximately 50 nm apart and appear to correspond to the intersections of sheets of bilayer membranes. Particles are not seen in lamellar bodies but become evident first in membranes transitional between lamellar bodies and tubular myelin. It is proposed that the particles represent a hydrophobic protein that plays a significant role in the organization of tubular myelin.

A possible mechanism for cholesteryl ester formation during demyelination: lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in rat brain.

Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity has been examined in the rat by using a brain homogenate preparation as the phospholipid substrate and blood plasma as the enzyme source. LCAT activity was detected on using 60 mul of serum onwards. Successive experiments have also shown that LCAT activity is present in the edematous rat brain tissue homogenate when incubated with inactivated rat plasma as substrate. The results are discussed in relation to cholesteryl ester accumulation in brain during demyelinating diseases.

Adenosine triphosphatase activity in glial cells and in neuronal perikarya of edematous rat brain

Summary The activity of Na,K-ATPase and the ouabain insensitive ATP-hydrolyzing activity was studied in fractions of glial cells and of neuronal perikarya isolated in bulk from cortex and subcortical white matter of rats, previously treated with intraperitoneal administration of water. With increasing water load, the cortical Na,K-ATPase activity markedly decreased in glial cells and was slightly elevated in neuronal perikarya of edematous brain. The Na,K-ATPase of the glial cells and of the neuronal perikarya of white matter, on the other hand, exhibited no significant changes in specific activity. The ouabain-insensitibe ATPase activity behaved similarly. It was markedly decreased in cortical glial cells isolated from rats receiving water equaling 20% or 30% of their body weight, respectively, whereas no change of the cortical ouabain-insensitive ATPase was observed in the neuronal perikarya.

Estimation of equivalent pore radii of pulmonary capillary and alveolar membranes

Estimation of equivalent pore radii of pulmonary capillary and alveolar membranes

Metabolism of the isolated canine lung.

ARTICLESMetabolism of the isolated canine lungKC Weber, and MB VisscherKC Weber, and MB VisscherPublished Online:01 Oct 1969https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.4.1044MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited BySulfur dioxide inhibits expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes encoded by both nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA in rat lungs8 November 2016 | Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 24, No. 3Carbohydrate/Intermediary MetabolismPhysicochemical Properties of Respiratory Fluid Media and Gases19 May 2011Functional Designs of the Gas Exchangers19 May 2011Endocrine Influences on Aspects of Lung Biochemistry30 May 2008Substrate Utilization by the Lung30 May 2008LUNG PROCUREMENT BY LOW-POTASSIUM DEXTRAN AND THE EFFECT ON PRESERVATION INJURYTransplantation, Vol. 68, No. 8Influence of oxygen in inflation gas during lung ischemia on ischemia-reperfusion injuryThe Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol. 114, No. 3How Much Oxygen Does the Human Lung Consume?Anesthesiology, Vol. 86, No. 3HYPOTHERMIC STORAGE ALONE IN LUNG PRESERVATION FOR TRANSPLANTATIONTransplantation, Vol. 63, No. 5AN EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR PROLONGED PRESERVATION OF CULTURED HUMAN PULMONARY ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL CELLSTransplantation, Vol. 62, No. 9Lung Biochemistry and Intermediary Metabolism for Concepts in Inhalation Toxicology12 July 2013Effects of glucose on rat lung preservation: Report of a study conducted on an isolated lung reperfusion model utilizing another isolated lung as a ?deoxygenator?Surgery Today, Vol. 25, No. 6Effect of inflation on adenosine triphosphate catabolism and lactate production during normothermic lung ischemiaThe Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol. 55, No. 5Evaluation of lung metabolism during successful twenty-four-hour canine lung preservationThe Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol. 105, No. 3Changes in alveolar oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration and oxygen consumption during lung preservation The maintenance of aerobic metabolism during lung preservationThe Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol. 105, No. 3The pattern of substrate metabolism by mammalian lung and its implication for defence against free radical oxidative damage30 June 2016 | Perfusion, Vol. 7, No. 1Preservación prolongada del pulmón para el trasplante pulmonarArchivos de Bronconeumología, Vol. 27, No. 1Age-related difference in bioenergetics of lung and heart mitochondria from rats exposed to ozoneJournal of Biochemical Toxicology, Vol. 4, No. 4Fluid reabsorption and glucose consumption in edematous rat lungs.Circulation Research, Vol. 60, No. 5Lactate metabolism in fetal type II pneumocytesLung, Vol. 164, No. 1Isolated perfused rabbit lung as a model to study the absorption of organic aerosolsJournal of Pharmacological Methods, Vol. 13, No. 3General Enzymology of the LungThe Isolated Perfused LungThe isolated perfused lung.Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 56Isolated perfused lung preparation for studying altered gaseous environments.Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 56The effects of insulin and hyperglycemia on surfactant phospholipid synthesis in organotypic cultures of type II pneumocytesBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, Vol. 753, No. 1The lung as an endocrine organBiochemical Pharmacology, Vol. 32, No. 2Perspectives on fetal lung developmentLung, Vol. 159, No. 1Transpleural diffusion of carbon dioxideRespiration Physiology, Vol. 44, No. 2[13] Lung perfusion techniques for xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity studiesPhospholipids of the lung in normal, toxic, and diseased states26 September 2008 | CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology, Vol. 9, No. 3Effects of insulin and diabetes on 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake by the isolated perfused rat lung.Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 254, No. 12Lung Maturity and Pulmonary Phospholipid MetabolismTHE EFFECT OF INSULIN ON LUNG METABOLISM IN THE RATClinical Endocrinology, Vol. 7, No. 3Amount and rates of CO2 storage in lung tissueRespiration Physiology, Vol. 28, No. 3Normal and pathologic biochemistry of the lung.Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 16“A Spoonful of sugar” — Trans-alveolar nutritionCanadian Anaesthetists’ Society Journal, Vol. 22, No. 5Studies on the effects of alloxan and streptozotocin induced diabetes on lipid metabolism in the isolated perfused rat lungLife Sciences, Vol. 17, No. 6Lungenstoffwechsel bei SchocklungeEnergy utilization by the lungThe American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 57, No. 3Metabolic changes in ischemic lungs for evaluation of graft viabilityThe Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol. 66, No. 1Respiration of rat lung mitochondria and the influence of Ca 2+ on substrate utilization1 May 2002 | Biochemistry, Vol. 12, No. 7An isolated perfused lung preparation for metabolic studiesLife Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 16 More from this issue > Volume 217Issue 4October 1969Pages 1044-1052 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1969 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.4.1044PubMed5824303History Published online 1 October 1969 Published in print 1 October 1969 Metrics

Permeability of the mammalian blood-gas barrier and its components.

ARTICLESPermeability of the mammalian blood-gas barrier and its componentsOD Wangensteen, Wittmers LE Jr, and JA JohnsonOD Wangensteen, Wittmers LE Jr, and JA JohnsonPublished Online:01 Apr 1969https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.216.4.719MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByBioengineering the Blood‐gas Barrier12 March 2020Ion Transport Across Amphibian Lung30 May 2008Effect of Lung Inflation on Alveolar Permeability to Solutes30 May 2008Novel strategies of aerosolic pharmacotherapyExperimental and Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 57Fundamentals of pulmonary drug deliveryRespiratory Medicine, Vol. 97, No. 4Neutrophil Proteinases in Hydrochloric Acid- and Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury: Evaluation of Interstitial Protease Activity by in situ ZymographyLaboratory Investigation, Vol. 82, No. 2Evaluation of basement membrane degradation during TNF-α-induced increase in epithelial permeabilityJean-Claude Lacherade, Andry Van De Louw, Emmanuelle Planus, Estelle Escudier, Marie-Pia D'Ortho, Chantal Lafuma, Alain Harf, and Christophe Delclaux1 July 2001 | American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Vol. 281, No. 1Delivery systems for penetration enhancement of peptide and protein drugs: design considerationsAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Vol. 46, No. 1-3Aldosterone Regulates Na,K-ATPase and Increases Lung Edema Clearance in RatsAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 161, No. 2Lung Epithelium–specific ProteinsAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 159, No. 2Pulmonary fluid extraction and osmotic conductance, ςK, measured in vivoJoseph M. Karch, and Jen-Shih Lee1 March 1998 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 84, No. 3Gelatinases and the Acute Respiratory Distress SyndromeSize-Dependent Dextran Transport across Rat Alveolar Epithelial Cell MonolayersJournal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 86, No. 3Mechanisms of α-thrombin, histamine, and bradykinin induced endothelial permeabilityJournal of Cellular Physiology, Vol. 167, No. 3Pneumolysin activates phospholipase A in pulmonary artery endothelial cellsInfection and Immunity, Vol. 62, No. 9Toxicity of pneumolysin to pulmonary alveolar epithelial cellsInfection and Immunity, Vol. 61, No. 4Measurement of solute fluxes in isolated rat lungsRespiration Physiology, Vol. 91, No. 2-3(C) Means to Enhance PenetrationAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Vol. 8, No. 1Systemic Delivery of Peptide-Based Pharmaceuticals14 May 2013Active Na+ transport across Xenopus lung alveolar epitheliumRespiration Physiology, Vol. 81, No. 1Microvascular permeability to macromolecules and its dynamic modulationAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Vol. 4, No. 3Sublethal Hyperoxic Injury to the Alveolar Epithelium and the Pulmonary Surfactant System2 July 2009 | Experimental Lung Research, Vol. 14, No. sup1Pulmonary epithelial permeability in rats exposed to O 3Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Vol. 21, No. 1-2Fluid reabsorption and glucose consumption in edematous rat lungs.Circulation Research, Vol. 60, No. 5Influence of Drug Properties and Routes of Drug Administration on the Design of Sustained and Controlled Release Systems31 May 2013Sepsis and Pulmonary EdemaClinics in Chest Medicine, Vol. 6, No. 3Paths of Hydrophilic Solute Flow Across Excised Bullfrog Lung2 July 2009 | Experimental Lung Research, Vol. 3, No. 2Chemical modulation of alveolar epithelial permeability.Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 35Capillary filtration and permeability coefficients calculated from measurements of interendothelial cell junctions in rabbit lung and skeletal muscleMicrovascular Research, Vol. 19, No. 2Water and Electrolytes of Rat Lung: Effects of Fluid-Filling, Perfusion, and Metabolic Inhibitor Treatment2 July 2009 | Experimental Lung Research, Vol. 1, No. 4Drug absorption from the lungBiochemical Pharmacology, Vol. 27, No. 4Pulmonary capillary filtration and reflection coefficients in the adult rabbitMicrovascular Research, Vol. 14, No. 1Pulmonary capillary filtration and reflection coefficients in the newborn rabbitMicrovascular Research, Vol. 14, No. 1Absence of Restricted Diffusion in Cutaneous CapillariesActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 100, No. 3Effect of pulmonary edema on drug transport and binding in rat lungT. H. Gardiner, and F. R. Goodman1 March 1977 | American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Vol. 232, No. 3Heavy Metals and Membrane Functions of an Alveolar EpitheliumCapillary Permeability in Cutaneous TissueActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 98, No. 4Substructure of intercellular junctions in freeze-fractured alveolar-capillary membranes of mouse lung.Circulation Research, Vol. 38, No. 5Recognition and treatment of adult respiratory distress syndrome secondary to viral interstitial pneumoniaThe American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 58, No. 5SEVERAL PLASMA PROTEINS DEMONSTRATED IN LUNG TISSUE BY IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY USING THE PEROXIDASE COUPLING TECHNIQUEPulmonary EdemaNew England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 288, No. 5Acute Respiratory Failure in the AdultNew England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 287, No. 14Pulmonary EdemaCirculation, Vol. 46, No. 2The Mechanism of Bradykinin Edema More from this issue > Volume 216Issue 4April 1969Pages 719-727 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1969 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.216.4.719PubMed5775870History Published online 1 April 1969 Published in print 1 April 1969 Metrics

Bioelectric properties of the isolated amphibian lung.

ARTICLESBioelectric properties of the isolated amphibian lungJT GatzyJT GatzyPublished Online:01 Aug 1967https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.213.2.425MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByFunctional Evaluation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator27 September 2014New clinical diagnostic procedures for cystic fibrosis in EuropeJournal of Cystic Fibrosis, Vol. 10Ion Transport by Pulmonary EpitheliaJournal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Vol. 2011Nasal Potential Difference Measurements to Assess CFTR Ion Channel Activity20 April 2011Comparison of Vectorial Ion Transport in Primary Murine Airway and human Sinonasal Air-Liquid Interface Cultures, Models for Studies of Cystic Fibrosis, and other Airway Diseases1 March 2009 | American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, Vol. 23, No. 2Ion Transport Across Amphibian Lung30 May 2008Hyperosmolar Solutions and Ion Channel Modifiers18 June 2013A modified technique for measurement of nasal transepithelial potential difference in infantsThe Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 139, No. 3Regulation of Na+ channels in frog lung epithelium: a target tissue for aldosterone actionPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 416, No. 1-2Reabsorption of Solutes and Water from Fluid-Filled Rabbit LungsAmerican Review of Respiratory Disease, Vol. 136, No. 3Fluid reabsorption and glucose consumption in edematous rat lungs.Circulation Research, Vol. 60, No. 5Pulmonary EdemaThe Respiratory EpitheliumRegulation of Salt and Water Transport Across Airway MucosaClinics in Chest Medicine, Vol. 7, No. 2The Respiratory EpitheliumPulmonary EdemaPaths of Hydrophilic Solute Flow Across Excised Bullfrog Lung2 July 2009 | Experimental Lung Research, Vol. 3, No. 2Tracheal-vascular and vascular-pleural electrical potentials in the rat lungRespiration Physiology, Vol. 30, No. 3Sulfate absorption from the airways of the isolated perfused rat lungToxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Vol. 41, No. 1Heavy Metals and Membrane Functions of an Alveolar EpitheliumReferences More from this issue > Volume 213Issue 2August 1967Pages 425-431 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1967 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.213.2.425PubMed4962440History Published online 1 August 1967 Published in print 1 August 1967 Metrics