Economy Of Kazakhstan Research Articles

Strategic priorities for digitalization of the mining sector of Kazakhstan

Global uncertainty has transformed the economy of Kazakhstan, which is striving to become a center of innovative development in Central Asia. According to the authors, one of the reasons for the raw material orientation of the country's economy, along with the predominance of energy-intensive types of production, is the technological backwardness of the mining sector. The article shows that the strategic goal of the Kazakhstan mining complex to integrate into the world economy involves a focus on innovative development. PEST analysis of the most important micro- and macroeconomic factors made it possible to assess the current situation of enterprises. It was revealed that one of the significant reasons for the innovative lag in the mining sector of Kazakhstan is the lack of a strategic vision of digital transformation and change management mechanisms among enterprises. The authors conclude that the continuous complication of mining and geological conditions and the growing demands of stakeholders require enterprises to build internal production processes, promote R&D, improve the organization of analytical work based on an engineering and economic approach to the selection of tools for the digital basis of production, and active interaction with external partners and startups. It is substantiated that for further progress an integrated approach to the creation of intra-production digital competencies is necessary; enterprises should focus on organizational and technological transformation, including changes in the organizational structure and transformation of the business model. The results of the study are of interest to industrial enterprises when they develop proactive innovative strategies focused on reorganizing operational activities and increasing investment to promote business.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HIGH-TECH PROJECTS USING DIGITAL MARKETING TECHNOLOGIES IN KAZAKHSTAN

The purpose of this article is to determine the contribution of digital marketing technologies to improving the quality of high-tech products in Kazakhstan, as well as to identify prospects for improving quality management practices in high-tech projects in Kazakhstan using a digital approach to marketing. Based on international statistics from IMD and WIPO for 2013–2022, using the correlation analysis method, the results of implementing high-tech projects in quality management using alternative approaches (digital and pre-digital) to marketing in Kazakhstan are compared. The key conclusion is that in Kazakhstan, quality management in high-tech projects using digital marketing technologies is preferable. The key ones are: personnel marketing, product marketing and process marketing. The theoretical significance of the obtained results is that they allowed us to rethink quality management processes in the implementation of high-tech projects in the digital economy of Kazakhstan, and also revealed promising digital marketing technologies based on AI, IoT, Big Data, the Internet, mobile devices, chatbots, machine vision, smart consultants and virtual assistants (VR / AR). The practical significance is due to the fact that the developed digital approach to marketing allows us to improve the practice of quality management in high-tech projects in Kazakhstan. The author's approach includes a marketing mix of quality management in high-tech projects using digital marketing technologies in Kazakhstan. The approach also reveals the organizational and technological aspects of quality management in high-tech projects in Kazakhstan with a digital approach to marketing.

Human Capital and Labor Safety: How Investments in Training and Security Affect the Economy of Kazakhstan

Human Capital and Labor Safety: How Investments in Training and Security Affect the Economy of Kazakhstan

Ensuring food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the conditions of import substitution

The aim is to determine the level of food self-sufficiency of the country in the conditions of import substitution. In developing the theoretical section of the work universal scientific methods - analysis and synthesis, comparison, logical. Collection and processing of secondary information, based on the use of official data of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the results of the Global Food Security Index 2022. Results - theoretical aspects of the food situation and issues of accessibility of quality products for the population were studied, the role of the agrarian sector in the economy of Kazakhstan was shown and the importance of the agrarian sector in the economy of Kazakhstan was substantiated. Calculated and analyzed such indicators as the degree of self-sufficiency of consumption products in the country, output of various types of products per capita, average consumer spending on food, the dynamics of exports and imports of food products. The dependence on imports of the main types of foodstuffs is considered and the forecast of production of products of the agrarian sphere with regard to ensuring food independence is presented. Three forecast scenarios are proposed: basic, optimistic and pessimistic. Conclusions - it is revealed that food stability implies a sufficient level of development of the agro-industrial complex, at which the domestic demand for food products can be largely satisfied by the production of own food products. The key task of agrarian policy - to achieve selfsufficiency in the country of at least 80% of the total demand is outlined. Import substitution contributes to the implementation of large-scale and deep modernization of the domestic agro-industrial complex, which requires the use of innovative technologies.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN KAZAKHSTAN AND ITS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

This article explores the development of tourism in Kazakhstan and its socio economic importance. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of the tourism industry on Kazakhstan's economy, its historical stages of development, and the current state of tourism. The research identifies the benefits tourism brings to the population and the national economy, as well as its role in promoting social and intercultural connections. Methodological approaches used include data collection, comparative analysis, and interpretation. As a result, recommendations for improving the tourism industry in Kazakhstan and suggestions for its future development are provided. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the key factors necessary for advancing tourism in the country.

INTERACTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article is devoted to the interaction of intellectual property law with the constitutional law of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter - RK). The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan proclaims freedom of work and profession, as well as freedom of choice of creativity. Paragraph 1 of Article 20 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan states that freedom of creativity is guaranteed. Currently, the scientific research of Kazakhstani scientists does not pay enough attention to the freedom of creativity. The analysis of materials and documents of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan indicates the absence of a deeper analysis of the constitutional guarantee of freedom of creativity and the limits of this freedom. In addition, there are no provisions on intellectual property in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the interpretation of norms can only be literal, and we are talking only about freedom of creativity. In this article, the author attempts to show the problems of interaction of intellectual property law with constitutional law, since the relationship between them is deeper than it is reflected in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the legal literature, most studies of the constitutional and legal regulation of creative relations are reduced only to the objects of copyright, while the freedom of creativity lies in invention, the objective expression of means of individualization. The author has analyzed the concepts of creativity and freedom of creativity and justifies the need for the constitutional consolidation of intellectual property guarantees, to obtain constitutional and legal protection, since it has a significant role in the state policy of the development of the economy of Kazakhstan, expressed in industrialization and the widespread use of digital technologies, which are based on creative intellectual activity. In this regard, it is not enough to establish only a constitutional and legal guarantee of freedom of creativity and labor, it is necessary to include intellectual property norms in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, thereby enabling authors and the copyright holder to constitutionally protect their rights and legitimate interests.

Clustering of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan: prerequisites, distinguishing features, correlation matrix

The role of cluster formations in increasing the competitiveness of products and accelerating the innovative development of the agrarian economy of Kazakhstan is revealed. Theoretical and practical principles, prerequisites and methodological approaches to the creation of agro-industrial clusters are defined, their distinctive features are revealed. Purpose - economic interests of clustering in agro-industrial complex in the context of regions of the republic are considered. The selection of objects in 17 regions with the highest economic indicators of financial and economic activity was carried out. Methods – k-means - for preliminary reduction of data dimensionality by means of factor analysis; rapid cluster analysis - in order to combine economic entities into cluster components on the basis of similar characteristics. Results - primary data were collected, correlation matrix was constructed and the presence of generalized factors was assessed to reduce the dimensionality of the studied attributes. Multivariate statistical study of agricultural products production by regions for 2023 was carried out. The variant with 5 clusters, the order and map of location of 17 administrative-territorial units of regional significance were adopted, the dendrogram of intergroup linking of regions was developed. Conclusions - cluster analysis allows to distribute the totality of objects (regions) of the Republic of Kazakhstan into five cluster formations, connecting in them the enterprises having similar structure and production specialization. The identified groups can be used for rating assessment of agro-industrial cluster that promotes effective integration of resources and knowledge. It has been established that the application of the cluster approach contributes to increasing productivity and sustainability of the agricultural sector, ensuring long-term development and competitive advantages.

STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING THE QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of higher education on the economic development of Kazakhstan using a systems approach. The paper analyzes strategies for improving the quality of higher education and their role in the growth of the country's economy. The study is conducted using regression modeling, data analysis and assessment of the contribution of various factors to improving the quality of education. In the course of the study, the authors offer recommendations on areas of investment in the educational sphere that meet the current needs of the economy of Kazakhstan. The study is based on the hypothesis of the positive impact of investment in education on the long-term economic growth of Kazakhstan. The analysis includes an assessment of the relationship between the quality of educational policy and economic development. The authors conclude that it is necessary to take into account the level of quality of the educational system when developing investment strategies, choosing areas that best meet the current and future needs of the economy.

ҚАЗАҚСТАНДАҒЫ КОРПОРАТИВТІК ТАБЫС САЛЫҒЫННЫҢ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ

The relevance of the article is that today one of the fundamentally important problems is to strengthen the financial system and ensure the entry of the national economy of Kazakhstan into the trajectory of sustainable socio-economic development. The priority issues of modern economic policy are the formation of an effective taxation system in Kazakhstan. It is determined by the fact that tax planning contributes to the optimization of taxes and payments in accordance with the tax code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Modernization of tax obligations is measures of business entities aimed at reducing taxes and payments, taking into account benefits and provisions in accordance with the tax code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Tax planning is aimed at solving problems such as increasing income and reducing tax liabilities. It is aimed at optimizing taxes and payments by enterprises, opening accounting documents and tax reports for tax structures. To do this, business entities use tax planning, which provides for tax incentives based on the use of benefits in accordance with tax legislation. In general, modernization is any activity aimed at improving the overall situation. In the tax part, optimization involves a combination of tax indicators and, on their basis, improving the calculation of tax liabilities and snow-year conditions of enterprises. One of the tools for optimizing taxes and payments, as well as tax planning, is the development of a tax accounting policy. The tax policy discloses all the tax features of the company, and also provides for the disclosure of tax documents. The article also outlines the types of tax planning – strategic and tactical characteristics. Strategic tax planning is being developed to modernize long-term taxes and payments. The development of a plan of the current reporting time for specific types of taxes and payments implies a set of measures of tactical tax planning. It was noted that the main goal of tax planning is to improve tax liabilities and increase the efficiency of enterprises.

Macroeconomic Analysis and General Economic Equilibrium of Kazakhstan

The paper studies general equilibrium in the economy of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to estimate the equilibrium real interest rate for the economy within current frameworks. The IS-LMBP curves are plotted based on corresponding regression models of the real output measured by GDP. The exogenous variables are taken for the regressions according to the theoretical propositions. The quarterly data for 2008Q1-2022Q4 published in the datasets and bulletins of the Committee for Statistics and the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan were used. Some consequences of the change in the exchange rate regime and in macroeconomic policy framework on macroeconomic relationships were revealed. Effectiveness of using interest rate as an instrument in maintaining inflation targeting policy is still ambiguous for the case of Kazakhstan. This study demonstrates the general equilibrium state of the national economy and specifications of the curves listed above. The results can be used to assign further the nominal interest rate using Taylor type rules

Public management of scientists’ potential as a source of economic development: A bibliometric analysis

Particular hopes have always been placed on the potential of scientists because they can act as a driving force for effective government. Understanding the importance of scientists ensured progress and prosperity for leading civilizations. This study aims to identify an evolutionary-chronological, geographical, and contextual scientific landscape of the development and management of the potential of scientists through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Initially, 5619 publications in the Scopus database were selected from 1957 to 2023. The evolution of knowledge about the importance of public administration of scientific personnel began in 1957 and reached its peak in 2019. Authors from the USA, Great Britain, and Australia have published more about the significance of managing the potential of scientific personnel, and strong schools of knowledge about scientific personnel are concentrated in the USA, France, Canada, and Australia. The analysis of the research’s conceptual orientation shows that publications in environmental and social sciences dominate this sphere. In addition, the bibliometric analysis results show that public management of scientific personnel will bring benefits such as effective government policy decisions, increased innovation activity, commercialization, and improvement of the population’s social life. The results of this study lay the foundation for future research that should improve the management of scientific personnel’s potential. AcknowledgmentsThis study is supported by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP19579256 “Mechanisms for empowering women in scientific activity in the interests of the development of the innovative economy of Kazakhstan”, 2023–2025).

Problems and Prospects for the Development of Cluster Structuring in the Economy of Kazakhstan’s Agricultural Sector: Theory and Practice

This article discusses the issues of cluster policy formation in the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of studying the experience of leading countries. The research aim is to find new effective tools and institutions for the development of the cluster structuring of the agro-industrial complex economy of Kazakhstan. Cluster policy in the field of supporting regional clusters starts with the identification of already existing clusters in the region, because by viewing the regional economy through the prism of various local industries and innovative enterprises, regional authorities can identify measures of effective impact and support for their clusters. This research examines the possibilities of using clusters and cluster policy as one of the most important components of the policy for the development and support of small and medium-sized enterprises in Kazakhstan’s agro-industrial complex. The research methodology includes qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods, comparative analysis, and mathematical processing (the Pearson correlation coefficient), as well as the modeling of possible development scenarios. The obtained results show that there are significant opportunities for a wider involvement of small and medium-sized enterprises in the formation of cluster structures of the agro-industrial sector through joint efforts by the government and regional centers in the conditions of innovative development of the country’s economy.

Gender segregation in the labor market in Kazakhstan

The purpose of the research is to conduct a literary review of studies related to the gender division in the economy and occupational segregation in labor relations, to identify the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market and to assess the level of discrimination against women in Kazakhstan. The article reflects the main problems of the formation and development of the gender economy, including the methodology of gender segregation in the labor market. The main theoretical concepts of gender economics used in the research of foreign and modern Kazakh economists are identifi ed. Methodology – methods of historical analysis, factological (statistical) analysis and forecasting. Originality / value of the research is to identify the problems of modern gender segregation in the labor market of Kazakhstan through a review of research related to gender inequality in the labor market. Findings – a review of the literature showed that there are diff erent concepts of gender segregation in the labor market. Most of the research is aimed at solving applied problems of the gender economy of Kazakhstan, in addition, methodological tools developed by foreign economists are not adapted to the study of Kazakh reality. Most of the studies on gender discrimination in the labor market, especially in Kazakhstan, are of a practical nature. In addition, the interest of many authors in this problem manifests itself sporadically, that is, they do not present the results of systematic research.

ESG Transformation Factors of Kazakhstan's Economy in the Context of Sustainable Development

ESG Transformation Factors of Kazakhstan's Economy in the Context of Sustainable Development

Инновациялық қызметті қаржыландыру жүйесінің тетіктері

The article is devoted to the issues of financing innovative processes that have a direct impact on the development of the state as a whole and on the success of each entrepreneur in the competitive struggle in the market. The study of the financing of the innovation process was carried out in theoretical and analytical terms, the economic levels of innovation activity were determined. The urgent need to solve the problem of modernization and innovative development of economic systems, which requires the development of the concept of financing innovative processes, is substantiated. Theoretically, the elements that include the innovation financing system and the functions of the financial mechanism are disclosed. The situation is described when the current system of financing innovation activities contributes not only to achieving the necessary level of financial support and internal costs, but also to the development of innovative enterprises from the stage of creation to the stage of expansion. As an example, the analysis of the compliance of the financing mechanisms of the Karatau-Nesie LLP enterprise with certain principles applied within the framework of the innovation financing system was carried out. Taking into account the degree of Kazakhstan's economy in technological development, it is proved that in order to stimulate innovation activity and the development of the venture industry, it is necessary to create conditions for state support and the development of a venture financing system.

Organizational and economic mechanism of financing agricultural production in conditions of market transformation

The article is devoted to the problems of financial support for agricultural sector of economy of Kazakhstan. The goal is to study organizational and economic mechanism of financing agricultural industry in conditions of market transformation in order to develop recommendations for optimizing this system to improve access to financial sources for agricultural enterprises, develop financial instruments, and promote the expansion of market relations. Methods – abstract-logical, graphic, comparative analysis, generalization. Results - available financial resources for agro-industrial complex are analyzed: budgetary funds, investments, loans based on the use of various state financial assistance programs. The relevance of the study lies in the possibility of implementing individual proposals when developing rules for financing, lending, changing the criteria for subsidizing AIC, as well as the effective use of investment funds, loans and other financial resources. The need for additional attraction of internal and external investors has been identified. Conclusions - the state has a regulatory impact on the investment process by ensuring rational pricing, increasing flexibility of lending, tax and depreciation policies, stimulating business activity by providing investors with benefits, and highlighting priority areas of investment. It is necessary to monitor current and future factors of external and internal environment at the state, regional levels and enterprises. There is a need in the near and medium term for effective measures to financially support production and processing of competitive products, increase the variety of produced goods and maintain high quality at all stages of their production. Financial decisions are the basis for effective investment projects.

Features of the Development of the Circular Economy in Livestock Production of the Agricultural Sector in the Context of Climate Change

The goal is to analyze the current state of development of agro-industrial production in the context of circular and climate economy of Kazakhstan with emphasis on identifying the elements of its key aspects in livestock farming and determining the influence of climatic factors on this economic system. Methods – statistical analysis and graphical interpretation of data, comparative assessment of linear and circular economic models. Materials from scientific publications, regulations, as well as interviews with experts were used. Results - recommendations for transition to sustainable circular economy structure in agricultural sector of Kazakhstan have been developed, aimed at increasing the efficiency of resource potential, reducing negative impact on environment and creating new opportunities for business and innovation in the country's agro-industrial complex. Measures have been proposed to improve the infrastructure for processing and disposal of agricultural waste and use of modern technologies in the industry. Conclusions - implementation of the principles of circular economy helps to increase energy efficiency and reduce negative impact on biosphere and ecosystems, creating conditions for expanding the scope of innovative entrepreneurship - “green” business: new jobs, appropriate infrastructure, “green” logistics, etc. Principles of circular economy: circular supply (limited resources are replaced by completely renewable sources); extending the life cycle of products through modernization and reconstruction; recycling (restoration and recycling of product residues). Resourceefficient modification is an opportunity for innovation at all stages of new value formation, which gives not only good final results, but also leads to them with lower material, energy and environmental costs.

Kazakhstan Economy Sustainable Development:Trade Dynamics Impact

Kazakhstan Economy Sustainable Development:Trade Dynamics Impact

Theoretical and methodological aspects of tax analysis for the company

Tax committees routinely scrutinize the accrued tax payments, assessing their dynamics through data extracted from tax registers, financial and tax reports. This analysis unveils various reasons for non-payment of tax liabilities and pinpoints factors influencing the formation of the tax base. Adhering to the provisions of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan is crucial for accurately determining the tax base for each type of tax. The analytical process unfolds in stages throughout the reporting year, enabling the tracking of tax liabilities’ dynamics, identification of unpaid amounts, monitoring changes in tax policy, and evaluating the impact of tax changes on the overall tax burden. In addition, it should be noted that all the work of analysts is aimed at preventing tax offences. As sources of analysis we recommend using primary accounting data, tax accounting data in the form of tax registers, financial and tax reporting. A tax analysis is necessary in order to answer the question of how much the company pays taxes to the budget. Based on the tax analysis data, each manager independently determines the optimal tax burden and, depending on this, takes measures for tax planning. Based on the results of the tax analysis, it is possible to determine which taxes are repaid on time, and, if necessary, develop specific measures to reduce the tax burden. Given the evolving landscape of the digital economy in Kazakhstan, the relevance of studying tax analysis becomes imperative. The article comprehensively explores the essence, purpose, and objectives of enterprise tax analysis, delves into the information support necessary for tax analysis, and proposes a systematic approach to indicators for effective tax analysis.

Ethnic specifics in birth rates in Kazakhstan in the middle of the 20th century

The purpose of this study is to examine ethnic variations in population fertility in the 1950–1960s, formed in the context of socio-economic development of Kazakhstan. The 1959, 1970, 1989 population censuses, and sta-tistical almanacks “National Economy of Kazakhstan” became the source base of this research. The theory of modernization, interpreted as the transition from traditional to modern society and reflecting the details of ethni-cally differentiated process of demographic development of Kazakhstan in the mid-20th century provided the methodological basis of the research. Ethnic differentiation within the settlement system and socio-economic ac-tivities that developed in Kazakhstan in the 1950–1960s led to ethnically distinct birth rates among Kazakhs and Russians. The demographic potential acquired by Kazakhs in the middle of the 20th century became the demo-graphic basis of sovereign Kazakhstan.