Economic Value Of Mangrove Ecosystem Research Articles

VALUASI EKONOMI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI DESA TANJUNG LIMAU KECAMATAN MUARA BADAK KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

The objective of this research to identify the benefits economic value of mangrove ecosystem, Counting the benefits directly or indirectly, and the benefits of the existence and choice of mangrove resources efficiently and sustainably. This research was conducted in November to Desember 2023 at Desa Tanjung Limau Kecamatan Muara Badak Kabupaten Kutai Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. The research method used Qualitative Descriptive, with a total of research samples is 89 were selected using purposive sampling. The results of this research shows that the direct utilization of the mangrove ecosystem by the public, both as a subsistence and commercial business, is a utilization of the results of ponds, fishing and cage cultivation of pigeon cockle. The type of utilization with the highest optimal direct benefit value a year is catching Rp. 6,887,400,000.00 so that the optimal profit is Rp. 5,629,540,617.00 a year for 11 (eleven) RTP. The lowest optimal profit is Rp. 390,000,000.00 from utilization of pigeon cockle cultivation and the highest benefit value of mangrove forests is indirect benefits, there has a largest percentage compared to other benefits, total percentage is 87.294% as big as Rp.63,948,330,747.00 annually.

Sustainable management model and ecosystem services of mangroves based on socio-ecological system on the coast of Batu Bara Regency, Indonesia

The coastal areas of Batu Bara Regency, Indonesia, face significant challenges due to the conversion of mangrove ecosystems into ponds and tourist destinations. This transformation not only results in the loss of natural coastal protection but also disrupts hydro-oceanography patterns, necessitating comprehensive management solutions that address ecological, economic, and social aspects. To this end, a research was carried out during June to August 2023 developing an integrated management model for sustainable preservation of mangrove ecosystems in Batu Bara Regency. The research aims to evaluate the economic benefits of mangrove ecosystems, particularly emphasizing on regulating, provisioning, and cultural services. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) method is employed to determine priority management strategies by considering the interrelationships between ecological, economic, social, and institutional factors. The model construction incorporates insights from literature reviews and expert interviews, facilitating the formulation of solutions for various aspects of mangrove ecosystem management. The economic value of mangrove ecosystems is estimated in three districts of Batu Bara Regency, with significant contributions to both provisioning and regulating services. In conclusion, the research underscores the importance of strategies such as mangrove area rehabilitation, ecotourism development, outreach and assistance, and community involvement in ensuring the sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems. These strategies hold the potential to preserve these valuable ecosystems, benefiting the environment and local communities alike.

Indirect Economic Value of Mangrove Ecosystem in the North Coastal of Sikka Regency in Disaster Mitigation

The earthquake disaster history in the Nusa Tenggara region recorded above 7 SR followed by tsunami happens in several locations such as Maumere, Alor, and most recently in Larantuka. Due to this history, community understanding is needed in the mitigation of disasters’ impact. Therefore, this research aims to identify the economic value of the mangrove ecosystem as an area that protects coastal communities from tsunami disasters. The analysis used was willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA). The WTP value was analyzed from 3 different perspectives such as the perspective of the people who experienced the tsunami disaster in 1992, the perspective of the local government and other institutions responsible for the disaster, and the perspective of people who did not have experience with tsunami disasters. Meanwhile, the WTA assessment was conducted on the manager of Magepanda Mangrove Area. Respondents consisted of 35 residents who experienced the tsunami disaster, 35 residents who never experienced the disaster, 20 respondents from Regional Apparatus Organizations and other stakeholders, and 5 mangrove managers in Reroroja Village, Magepanda sub-district. The WTA calculation indicated that the three stakeholder institutions experienced significant changes in positive externalities, and 60% of respondents chose to receive compensation funds for these positive externalities. Meanwhile, the 40% was in the form of infrastructure development/repairment. Interestingly, the WTP average of respondents who experienced a disaster and respondents who did not experience disaster was not very significant, namely $ 0.81 and $ 0.57. This was caused by 48% of respondents who never experienced a tsunami disaster, who had already known the impact caused by the tsunami, and 86% already known the ecological function of mangrove forests. Thus, these two things encouraged them to provide high value for the mangrove ecosystem. WTP given by policymakers had an average value of $1.86. The perspective of respondents in providing the value was very realistic because 95% of respondents had ever seen the mangrove ecosystem condition in Magepanda.

Benefit Value of Mangrove Forest in Sarawet Village, Likupang Timur, Minahasa Utara

The purpose of this study is to: 1) identify various types of direct and indirect benefits of mangrove forests, and 2) estimate the total economic value of the mangrove forest in Sarawet Village. This type of research is descriptive and quantitative using survey methods. Data analysis in this study uses descriptive and quantitative analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to explain the activities of utilizing natural resources of mangrove ecosystems, while quantitative analysis is used to calculate the total economic value of mangrove ecosystems. The selection of respondents used the purposive sampling method, with a total of 76 respondents. Analysis of the total economic value for the value of direct benefits using market prices, and the value of indirect benefits using replacement costs. The results showed that the people of Sarawet Village use the mangrove forest ecosystem directly in the form of mangrove wood used as firewood and fence stakes, leaves Nipah are made with roofs, and the community carries out fishing and crab activities around mangrove waters.Analysis of the total economic value of the mangrove forest in Sarawet Village amounted to Rp. 6.884.344.178,-/year. The total economic value is obtained from the value of direct benefits including utilization as firewood Rp. 4,160,000,- /year; fence pegs Rp. 87.500,-/year; roof of the house Rp. 330.000,-/year; fishing Rp. 769.174.000,-/year; crab fishing is Rp. 190.320.000,-/year, and the value of indirect benefits is as a barrier to abrasion and seawater waves Rp. 5.920.272.678,-/year. The large economic value of the total mangrove forest ecosystem in Sarawet Village shows that the mangrove ecosystem provides great benefits to the community.Keywords: direct benefit value, indirect benefit value, total economic value, MangroveAbstrakThe purpose of this study is to: 1) identify various types of direct and indirect benefits of mangrove forests, and 2) estimate the total economic value of the mangrove forest in Sarawet Village. This type of research is descriptive and quantitative using survey methods. Data analysis in this study uses descriptive and quantitative analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to explain the activities of utilizing natural resources of mangrove ecosystems, while quantitative analysis is used to calculate the total economic value of mangrove ecosystems. The selection of respondents used the purposive sampling method, with a total of 76 respondents. Analysis of the total economic value for the value of direct benefits using market prices, and the value of indirect benefits using replacement costs. The results showed that the people of Sarawet Village use the mangrove forest ecosystem directly in the form of mangrove wood used as firewood and fence stakes, leaves Nipah are made with roofs, and the community carries out fishing and crab activities around mangrove waters.Analysis of the total economic value of the mangrove forest in Sarawet Village amounted to Rp. 6.884.344.178,-/year. The total economic value is obtained from the value of direct benefits including utilization as firewood Rp. 4,160,000,- /year; fence pegs Rp. 87.500,-/year; roof of the house Rp. 330.000,-/year; fishing Rp. 769.174.000,-/year; crab fishing is Rp. 190.320.000,-/year, and the value of indirect benefits is as a barrier to abrasion and seawater waves Rp. 5.920.272.678,-/year. The large economic value of the total mangrove forest ecosystem in Sarawet Village shows that the mangrove ecosystem provides great benefits to the community.Keywords: direct benefit value, indirect benefit value, total economic value, Mangrove.

Valuasi Ekonomi Hutan Mangrove (Studi pada Kawasan Pesisir Laut Utara Pulau Jawa)

In the mangrove forest ecosystem in the Java Island Coastal Area, there are shrimp and fish ponds owned by the community. Mangrove formations in coastal areas are generally the same, which is Avicennia spp, and are found from the boundaries of residential villages to far ahead of pond areas, specifically on aanslibbing which is the result of sedimentation from the coast and deposition from the sea. The Total Economic Value of mangrove ecosystems in the coastal area of Kraton District, Pasuruan Regency is the sum of benefit values, such as Direct Use Value, Indirect Use Value, Option Value, and Existence Value.The results of this study explained that the indirect benefits of mangrove forest ecosystems in Kraton District, Pasuruan Regency have the largest percentage which is 90.74% with a value of Rp. 4,807,905,315.53/year. The value of the greatest indirect benefits explains the ecological benefits of mangrove forests which are the greatest compared to economic and social benefits. Meanwhile, direct benefits are the second largest with a value of Rp. 185,145,655.00. This considerable value is due to the large value of the benefits of other biotas around the mangrove ecosystem. The total value of these direct benefits directly provides an indicator of economic benefits. The same result was also obtained from research conducted by Rangkuti (2013) where mangrove cover significantly contributed to daily shrimp and crab/biota catches (99% confidence interval). Furthermore, other benefits were identified, such as the benefits of choice and the benefits of existence. The results of the quantification of other benefits obtained successively the value of the optional benefit of Rp. 16,440,975.00/year (3.97%) and the value of the existence benefit of Rp. 20,782,079.29/year (0.52%). The comparison of the benefits generated from the mangrove forest ecosystem further strengthens that the ecological value of the mangrove forest is the greatest. Therefore, the community should be aware of the importance of managing the mangrove ecosystem while maintaining its sustainability. This means that the change in the mangrove forest ecosystem by becoming a shrimp pond system will be ecologically resistant and the real impact is the damage to the coastal environment which is no longer a barrier from waves crashing on the edge of the mainland.

Coastal and mangrove economic valuation associated fisheries and problems in Kwale County, Kenya

Abstract. Ahmed HA, Mwaura F, Thenya T, Kairo JG. 2022. Coastal and mangrove economic valuation associated fisheries and problems in Kwale County, Kenya. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 17-27. The coastal fisheries in Kenya are essential to the livelihoods of the coastal communities. They provide employment, income, and food and support other auxiliary industries. Despite the socio-economic importance of coastal fisheries, various anthropogenic and climate change impact threatened their existence. Fish habitats, including mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrasses, are threatened by human activities such as aquaculture, mangrove extraction, unplanned expansion of coastal cities, and marine pollution. Usually, coastal fisheries are also neglected in key policy-making agendas. That is attributed to inadequate information and a lack of data on the socio-economic contribution of coastal communities engaged in fisheries. This study aimed to estimate the economic value to provide crucial information for policy making of mangrove ecosystem-based coastal fisheries in Kwale County. The study also attempted to establish the coastal fishery production trend for the past decade, to estimate the economic value of mangrove ecosystems to fishery production, and the future of coastal fisheries projecting based on Climate Compatible Development (CCD) and Business As Usual (BAU) scenarios. Combining the primary data from interviews with 242 respondents with secondary data, including a decade of fish catch data, were analyzed, which exhibited a continuous increase from 1,908 tonnes in 2004 to 2,450 tonnes in 2013 coastal fisheries production. The coastal fisheries value was estimated to be Ksh.182 million (US$ 2.2) annually after deducting all fishing-related costs in 2013. This study also estimated that mangrove ecosystems could support the production of 160kg/ha/year, comprable to Ksh.11,610/ha/year (US$ 198/ha/year). Moreover, the estimated values could be much higher than the calculated ones because a considerable amount of fish caught is unrecorded. The future projections reveal that the scenario of Business As Usual (BAU) is not sustainable. Hence, the study demands a shift to the scenario of Climate Compatible Development (CCD), which incorporates mitigation measures, climate change adaptation, and investment in infrastructure. The study recommends reviewing the existing fishery policies regarding the unique characteristics of coastal fisheries to ensure sustainable exploitation and address the challenges. The research also recommends further economic studies on the coastal fisheries value chain.

KAJIAN POTENSI DAN PENGELOLAAN BERKELANJUTAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE PULAU PANNIKIANG, KABUPATEN BARRU, SULAWESI SELATAN

Perencanaan dan pengelolaan yang baik hanya dapat dipenuhi apabila tersedia informasi yang lengkap dan akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Pannikiang ditinjau dari kondisi ekologi dan nilai ekonomi untuk menilai status keberlanjutan dan menentukan rekomendasi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove. Pengumpulan data ekologi, ekonomi, dan sosial dilakukan dengan metode observasi, wawancara dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling, dan kajian literatur. Analisis ekologi menggunakan indeks nilai penting, analisis ekonomi menggunakan surplus consumer, replacement cost, contingent value, dan analisis keberlanjutan menggunakan modifikasi perangkat lunak Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH). Jenis mangrove yang berhasil diidentifikasi adalah Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera sexangula, Ceriops tagal, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Aegiceras corniculatum, Lumnitzera racemosa and Avicennia marina. Hasil analisis nilai ekonomi total ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Pannikiang dengan luas 86,31 ha sebesar Rp5.050.275.373,00 /tahun atau rata-rata sebesar Rp58.513.212,00 /ha/tahun. Status keberlanjutan ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Pannikiang masih tergolong kurang berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, beberapa rekomendasi strategi yang disarankan adalah rehabilitasi vegetasi mangrove; mengendalikan kegiatan pemanfaatan ekosistem mangrove yang bersifat eksploitatif; melibatkan masyarakat dalam kegiatan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove; membuat peraturan secara formal terkait pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove.

Economic Valuation of Mangrove Ecosystem Services in Mandah District of Riau Province

Mangrove ecosystems become an important ecosystem for the community of Mandah district, this is because the community uses the mangrove ecosystem as a producer of mangrove wood, as well as a place to catch fish, shrimp, and crabs. Therefore, it is important to maintain the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems in multiple ways; one option is by providing an economic report regarding the mangrove ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic value of mangrove ecosystems. This research was conducted in Mandah District using the survey method. Data analysis using economic valuation by calculating the total economic value of mangrove ecosystem services, comprising: supporting services, provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services. The results showed that the total economic value of mangrove ecosystem services which has an area of 31,007 Ha amounting to IDR 6,100,130,675,685/year or IDR 196,733,985/Ha/year consisting of the value of supporting services amounting to IDR 2,843,521,034,280/year, the value of provisioning services IDR 120,274,922,887/year, the cost of regulatory services is IDR 3,132,894,718,518/year, and the value of cultural services is IDR 3,440,000,000/year. The high economic value of regulating and supporting services indicates that the mangrove ecosystem has a high value of environmental services, so it needs to be preserved and the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem to remain of high economic value.

Fauna diversity, production potential and total economic value of mangrove ecosystems in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract. Kristiningrum R, Lahjie AM, Masjaya, Yusuf S, Ruslim Y, Ma’ruf A. 2020. Fauna diversity, production potential and total economic value of mangrove ecosystems in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1940-1953. Mangroves play important role in life. The benefits of the mangrove ecosystem consist of ecological and socio-economic values. However, it is a challenge to discern how the mangrove ecosystem provides a comprehensive economic value. This research is aimed to analyze the Total Economic Value (TEV) of mangrove ecosystems in Mentawir Village, North Penajam Paser District, East Kalimantan Province. This aim will be achieved by conducting fauna inventory, analysis of mangrove wood production potential, social-economic interviews, and infrastructure cost analysis as the inputs to calculate four elements (i.e. Direct Use Value, Indirect Use Value, Option Value, and Existence Value) to sum up the TEV. The research used a mixed-method combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. Fauna inventory was conducted using boat survey method and interviews with local fishermen. Data on mangrove wood production was obtained using the systematic random sampling method by establishing two plots with an area of one hectare for each plot to calculate mean annual increment (MAI) and current annual increment (CAI). The economic value of the mangrove ecosystem was calculated using market price values, replacement costs, and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The results of fauna inventory consisted of 3 species of mammals, 1 species of reptile, 16 species of birds, 25 types of fish, 8 species of crustaceans, and 7 species of mollusks. The economic valuation resulted in the contribution of direct use value with 39.56% in the form of wood (94,875,000,000 IDR) and fishery products (103,500,000,000 IDR); indirect use value with 53.47% in the form of breakwater (38,028,881,407 IDR), abrasion resistance (218,549,528,110 IDR), and carbon sequestration (11,580,313,067); option value with 6.92% in the form of biodiversity (34,690,085,038 IDR); and existence value with 0.05% (241,500,000 IDR). All these resulted in the total economic value (TEV) of the mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village of 501,465,307,621 IDR. Therefore, this value can be the basis for policymakers in managing natural resources so that the ecosystem is more protected and sustainable, and can continue to provide environmental services for the welfare of the community.

Economic valuation of the mangrove ecosystem in Purwodadi Sub-district, Purworejo Regency, Central Java

Deforestation of mangroves caused by land conversion into ponds occurs on the southern coast of Purwodadi Sub-district, Purworejo Regency, Central Java. In fact, the mangrove ecosystem has an important role related to global climate change that is happening at this time. Mangroves have the ability to absorb more carbon than other types of forests. Since 2011, there was a mangrove rehabilitation program conducted in three villages in Purwodadi Sub-district, which was initiated by the Purworejo Regency Marine and Fisheries Service. Over time, the conditions of mangroves in each village varied. This study aims to calculate the economic value of mangrove ecosystems in the three villages of Purwodadi Sub-district, namely Gedangan, Jatikontal, and Jatimalang Villages. The method used is TEV (Total Economic Value) which consists of an analysis of direct use value using the market price approach, indirect use value using the replacement cost approach, the option value using the benefits transfer, and the existence value using the WTP method (Willingness to Pay). The results of the study show that the total economic value of mangroves in Gedangan Village is IDR 7,816,788,994.00 in Jatikontal Village in the amount of IDR 10,524,895,152.00, and in Jatimalang Village in the amount of IDR 3,645,653,186.00.

ECONOMIC VALUATION OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME: CASE STUDIES AT PEMOGAN, TUBAN, AND KUTAWARU VILLAGES

Mangrove forests have social, economic, and ecological functions to surrounding communities. Government policies in managing mangroves will affect its sustainability. Often, mangrove ecosystems become the main target to be converted for “non-forestry” development because they are mistakenly considered to have little or no benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate and to inform total economic value of mangrove ecosystems, so that if the function is disrupted due to conversion, the amount of loss that will be known. This paper aims to calculate the total economic value of mangroves and its contribution to household income using economic valuation. Results showed that the benefits of mangrove ecosystems in Kutawaru, Pemogan, and Tuban villages consisting of direct benefits (fish, crabs, shrimps, and tourism), indirect benefits (wave breakers), and option use (biodiversity value). Potential total economic value of mangroves in Kutawaru, Pemogan, and Tuban villages are Rp54.1 millions/ ha/year, Rp17.4/millions/ha/year, and Rp26.6 millions/ha/year respectively. In all three sites, indirect use value contributes the highest to the total economic value, often this value is not taken into account when considering ecosystem benefits. The highest contribution of mangrove ecosystems to the total household income is in Kutawaru village with amount of Rp1.4 millions/month/household. In addition to the total economic value, community dependence on mangroves must be considered by the government in managing mangrove ecosystems.

Total Economic Value of Mangrove Forest in Pangkah Kulon and Pangkah Wetan Village Areas, Ujungpangkah District, Gresik Regency, East Java Province

Mangrove ecosystems have enormous benefits for the community, especially for people living on the coast. The problems in the management of mangrove forests in Pangkah Kulon and Pangkah Wetan Villages are people did not consider the importance of mangrove ecosystems in terms of economics. The purpose of this study is 1) analysis community perceptions of the mangrove ecosystem; 2) estimating the total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem in Pangkah Kulon and Pangkah Wetan Villages. Data analysis in this study used descriptive and quantitative analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to explain the activity of utilizing mangrove ecosystem resources, while quantitative analysis is used to calculate the perceptions and total economic value of mangrove ecosystems. The method of selecting respondents was purposive and snowball sampling, with a total number of respondents 60 person. Perception analysis using a Likert scale, analysis of the total economic value for the direct-use value using the price of resources used, indirect-use value using replacement costs, and option value using benefit transfers. The average perception of respondents has a value between 3.60 to 4.60, this mean that respondents agree and strongly agree to the functioning of mangrove ecosystems, both in economic, socio-cultural, ecological and physical functions, and respondents have a high dependency on mangrove resources. Analysis of the potential total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem is Rp. 97,547,237,496/year. The total economic value obtained from the direct-use value (utilization of the fisheries sector) amounted to Rp. 51,672,497,300/year, indirect-use value (abrasion restraints and sea waves) amounted to Rp. 45,161,544,004/year, and option value (biodiversity) amounted to Rp.713,196,192/year. The total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem in Pangkah Kulon and Pangkah Wetan Villages shows that the mangrove ecosystem provides great benefits for the community. Keywords: direct-use value, existence value, indirect-use value, mangrove ecosystem, option value, total economic value

Species diversity, stand productivity, aboveground biomass, and economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract. Kristiningrum R, Lahjie AM, Masjaya, Yusuf S, Ruslim Y. 2019. Species diversity, stand productivity, aboveground biomass, and economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2848-2857. Mangrove forest is one of the important ecosystems. It provides a variety of benefits both ecologically and economically. There are many biodiversity values of mangrove ecosystems that it can be evaluated economically. This study aims to: (i) identify the species diversity of mangrove forest; (ii) analyze the mangrove productivity and aboveground biomass; (iii) analyze the ecosystem value of mangrove forest in Mentawir Village, Penajam Paser District, East Kalimantan Province. The research used systematic random sampling method by establishing two plots with extent of one hectare for each plot in which each plot was divided into 20m x 20m subplots. The volume and mean annual increment (MAI), as well as current annual increment (CAI), were calculated. Economic value of mangrove ecosystem was calculated using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to reveal the total margin between Willingness to Pay (WTP) of wood produced by mangrove forest and Willingness to Accept (WTA) of fisheries catches. The results showed that there were 12 species of mangroves in the studied areas in which Rhizophora apiculata was the dominant species. Total aboveground biomass in Plot I and Plot II were respectively 127.46 tons ha-1 (62.61 tons C ha-1) and 79.26 (38.85 tons C ha-1) and dominated by Rhizophoraceace family with 76.80%, while 23.22% of the biomass was contributed by other mangrove families. The mangrove forest had a maximum average volume increment at 48 years and 42 years with MAI of 2.97 ha-1yr-1and 2.12 m3 ha-1yr-1 at Plot I and Plot II, respectively, with the total volume reached 127.5 m3 ha-1 and 79.60 m3 ha-1. The calculation of total margin between WTP and WTA indicated that in economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village with an extent of 2,300 ha was between IDR 207,000,000 yr-1 and IDR 345,000,000 yr-1. Our findings suggest that a good mangrove ecosystem will result in high economic value and biodiversity values cannot be separated from economic benefits in order to protect its sustainability.

Economic analysis of management option for sustainable mangrove ecosystem in Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia

Ecosystem services are very important for human life, but until now part of these ecosystems as a resource asset that contributes to the country’s economy has not been evaluated further. Mangrove ecosystems are one of the ecosystems that grow in alluvial sludge in coastal areas and river estuaries. They have a very important role to support fishery productivity as habitat of nursery and spawning grounds for aquatic biota. Based on those conditions, this study is directed to explore ecosystem services of ecology economic value to enhance mangrove sustainability. The analysis from data of 2017 on mangrove ecosystem of Tangerang District, Banten showed that the total economic value of mangrove ecosystems per hectare is IDR. 49.260.590,16. The analysis of optimal resource allocation can be concluded that optimal of mangrove area is 415,89 Ha with total economic value IDR.20.486.986.843,00. Conversion of mangrove ecosystems into several land changes will have an impact on the habitat that lives in it also has a negative effect on the income of coastal communities who use it, that have to be managed carefully. Economic valuations based on ecosystem services can enhance sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems and provide welfare to coastal communities who use them.

The economic valuation of mangrove ecosystem in Youtefa bay, Jayapura, Indonesia

The purpose of this research is understanding about the total economic value of mangrove ecosystem in the area of Youtefa bay, Jayapura, Papua. The data were collected directly by interviews. Data collection was conducted in March until April 2018 inthe area located in three traditional villages around Youtefa bay namely Tobati (46 respondents), Enggros (82 respondents) and Nafri (100 respondents). The methods in this research are contingent valuation method, market price, replacement cost, benefit transfer and willingness to pay. The result of this research shows that total economic value of mangrove ecosystem is about USD 3,715,115.02 year -1 or about USD 15,937.49 ha -1 year -1 . Nowadays, the communities in the three villages of Youtefa bay get direct use from the mangrove ecosystem are about USD 2,049,419.17 year -1 or USD 3,987.1968 household -1 year -1 . These direct use are derived from the utilization of mangroves as a supplier of fish, crab, shrimp, shellfish and firewood products. Indirect use of mangroves as coastal protection, prevention of seawater intrusion and carbon sequestration of USD 1,660,163.80 year -1 or USD 7,122.50 ha -1 year -1 . The option and existence value of mangrove ecosystem are about USD 3,496.80 year -1 and USD 2,035.25 year -1 . The conservation effort for the maintaining of mangrove ecosystem are needed to get the high value of the using it and improve the welfare of local communities.

Mangrove Ecosystem Management based on Mitigation for Natural Disaster in Coastal Community

Mangrove trees plantation program is expected to restore a damaged environment. The purpose of this research was to: (1) identify the part of mangrove that serves as disaster mitigation (2) analyze the function of mangrove physical ecosystem in preventing a natural disaster, and (3) analyze economic value of mangrove ecosystem in overcoming natural disaster for the coastal community. The method used in this research are creating the transect the location of observation and analyzing the economic valuation. The results of this study are as follows: (1) roots, stems, branches and twigs that make form a unity as mitigation of coastal natural disaster and small island, (2) mangrove roots consists of various types and cross-shapes vertically and horizontally , other than that the roots, stems, branches, and twigs of mangrove vegetation strong and elastic so it is not easily broken or cut, and (3) the value of mangrove valuation from physical function to overcome natural disasters is about IDR. 6, 075, 892, 844. The suggestion in rehabilitation effort or recovery of mangrove ecosystem should be done semi-natural. Let human only spread the seeds of various types of mangrove on the expanse to be restored its ecosystem as well as let distance and line grow naturally. Rehabilitation result of mangrove ecosystem is expected to reach high diversity level and adaptive to the environment. In addition. let every mangrove seeds grow naturally ensuing the ecological condition.

Economic Valuation of Mangrove Forest Ecosystem in Sinjai

This study aims to identify the type and function of ecosystems of mangrove forests, in Sinjai district and calculate the total economic value of mangrove ecosystems. The analytical method used is economic valuation and willingness to pay community. The results showed that species dominating Rhyzopora sp, Avicennia sp Sonneratia sp and Bruguera sp. The direct benefits to the community from mangrove forest in the area of research are firewood, nipa roof, fish and crabs and bats with economic value of Rp 8,598,020,500 with average value per ha 11,343,117. Indirect value consists of wave breaks of Rp 4,480,000,000 or Rp 448,000,000 / year with an estimated life of the building for 10 years and a carbon sequestration benefit of Rp 153,495,000 a year. Benefit value of Rp203, 250 per ha. The result is multiplied by the total area of the existing mangrove forest ecosystem of 758 Ha, with a total value of biodiversity benefits of Rp 154,063,500 per year. The value of the existence benefit of RP 446,260 ha / yr. With a total area of 758 mangroves, the total benefit of the existence of mangrove ecosystems in Kabupatem Sinjai amounted to Rp 338,265,080 / year. The economic benefit value of Total mangrove sinjai is Rp 13,723,844,080 while the total benefit value per ha is Rp 22,816,656 per year.Keywords: Bennefit economic, Mangrove ecosystem, economic valuaition, Sinjai

PENILAIAN EKONOMI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI KELUARAHAN KARANG REJO KOTA TARAKAN KALIMANTAN UTARA

The purpose of the research is to identify the utilization of mangrove ecosystems by local society and analyzing economic value of mangrove ecosystems. Data were analyzied with the consumer surplus, travel cost method, benefit transfer, contingent valuation.
 The result obtained that the largest proportion of the value of mangrove ecosystems is the utilization value of turism as a direct benefit of Rp733.228.963.974,00 per year. While the largest proportion of the value non utilazion of mangrove ecosystems is the value of inheritance Rp 97.114.286,00 per year. Total of value of mangrove ecosystems of 22 hectare in Karang Rejo, Tarakan City North Borneo is Rp734.506.142.763,00 per year.

Dynamic model of economic value of mangrove ecosystems Tangerang Coastal Area, Banten

Aida GR, Wardiatno Y, Fahrudin A, Kamal MM. 2016. Dynamic model of economic value of mangrove ecosystems Tangerang Coastal Area, Banten. Bonorowo Wetlands 6: 26-42. The purpose of this research is to estimate mangrove productivity through the production of litter; estimate the potential fisheries production through mangrove litter production approach; estimate the mangrove ecosystem value from potential fisheries from mangrove litter production, existing fisheries and aquaculture; determining a dynamic model of mangrove ecosystems value for fisheries and the aquaculture in coastal areas of Tangerang District, Banten. The study was conducted in May-July 2014, with the location of sampling conducted in the Kronjo Subdistrict, Tangerang District, Banten. The data required include mangrove vegetation characteristics, physical and chemical parameters of the aquatic environment, mangrove litter production, socio-economic data related to the utilization of mangrove ecosystem and secondary data related. The potential fisheries that supported from mangrove calculated by the method which developed by Mahmudi (2008), the value of fisheries existing and aquaculture obtained through consumer surplus approach. Based on the research, production of mangrove litter which consisting of Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba, Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia caseolaris reaches 3.47 g/m2/day or 12 492 kg/ha/yr. Coastal fisheries potential of the ecosystem can support 1134.01 kg/ha/yr with the value reached Rp 27 016 978.57/ ha/yr. The value of actual fisheries reached Rp 5442896260/ha/yr and aquaculture Rp 8 012 608/ha/yr. The result of dynamic model simulation shows that in the existing condition, the total value of mangrove use are not sustainable and continued to decline. While mangrove rehabilitation at least 2.27 ha/yr can maintain the sustainable the value of mangrove uses. Mangrove rehabilitation also needs to consider the composition of mangrove species to produce fishery potential that can be supported optimally and increase the total value of mangrove utilization.

Economic value of mangrove ecosystems in the Panama village, Ampara district:a case study

Sri Lanka encompasses a high diversity of coastal vegetation, specifically mangroves and these ecosystems have provided a wide array of goods and services, ranging from fishery, forest products and tourism to shoreline protection. The need to assess the economic value of mangroves became more eminent to assist policy-makers and funding agencies in integrating mangrove restoration activities in environmental conservation programs. The study was initiated to estimate the direct and indirect values of mangrove ecosystems and the protection role played at extreme disastrous events such as Tsunami to the coastal communities in Ampara District of Sri Lanka. Information on eco-physical and socioeconomic including various damage costs and dependency on mangrove ecosystems was collected using purposive sampling from 109 households from Panama village which was characterized with well managed and functioning coastal ecosystems where mangroves were relatively intact. The shoreline protection value was assessed by comparing the Panama village with 100 coastal households from villages in Potuvil town where mangrove ecosystem was comparatively degraded due to tsunami. The results revealed a higher mangrove dependence of the Panama villagers with a value of Rs.119, 438/household/year (US$1,171). It was also revealed that estimated incidence of damage costs in areas with degraded mangrove vegetation was significantly greater during the tsunami. The costs of damages to livelihood and property in Potuvil (US$ 13,509) were approximately twenty times the costs of damages in Panama (US$ 623). Field observation also revealed massive destruction to the coastal ecosystem (property and vegetation damages and sea erosion) in Potuvil compared to Panama. Results clearly indicated that areas with intact mangrove ecosystem generate greater economic benefits. The findings also indicate the economic rationale of including mangrove restoration efforts in the environmental conservation programs.