Economic Structural Adjustment Research Articles

Transfer payments and carbon reduction in China: The effect of the national comprehensive demonstration city of energy saving and emission reduction fiscal policy

To address climate change and achieve high-quality economic development, China began implementing the Comprehensive Demonstration City of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Fiscal Policy (ESERFP) in 2011. This policy relies on special transfer payments to increase the integration of various energy conservation and emission reduction fiscal policies, thereby accelerating institutional and mechanism innovation, actively promoting economic structure adjustment and development mode transformation, and achieving energy conservation and emission reduction goals in various regions. This study uses a multi-period difference-in-difference (DID) model to estimate the ESERFP's CO2 emission reduction effect and paths. The findings demonstrate the following: (1) The ESERFP has lessened the CO2 emission intensity of the demonstration city and effectively played a role in reducing CO2 emissions. (2) Mechanism analysis demonstrates that the ESERFP has significantly improved the green travel level of residents in pilot cities and can also reduce cities' total energy consumption. Therefore, the ESERFP can effectively suppress CO2 emissions by improving transportation systems and optimizing energy consumption structures. (3) Further analysis shows that the ESERFP can reduce the CO2 emission scale of the demonstration cities and effectively promote the increase of actual per capita gross domestic product in pilot cities, bringing economic dividends and thus achieving a “win-win” situation of environmental protection and economic growth. (4) Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the CO2 emission reduction effect is more significant in non-old industrial-based cities, non-resource-based cities, and urban agglomerations. This study not only evaluates the CO2 reduction effect of the demonstration city but also provides reference significance for the improvement of subsequent environmental regulations. In addition, clarifying the implementation effect of the ESERFP can help alleviate ecological and environmental problems in the process of urban economic development in China and achieve the sustainable development goal of green transformation.

The Impact of Spatial Layout of Emerging Industry Clusters Development on Economic Structural Adjustment

This paper examines the impact of the spatial layout of emerging industry clusters on economic structural adjustment in China. By analyzing the geographical distribution, proximity to research institutions, and infrastructure development of these clusters, the study aims to understand their role in transforming China’s economic structure towards innovation-driven growth. The findings reveal that the spatial organization of industry clusters significantly influences regional economic development, industrial upgrading, and innovation capacity. Geographical concentration, connectivity, and proximity to knowledge sources are identified as key factors shaping the effectiveness of clusters. The paper concludes with policy implications, emphasizing the need for balanced regional development, enhanced connectivity, and strengthened innovation ecosystems to maximize the benefits of emerging industry clusters for China’s economic structural adjustment.

Research on China's Economic Development under the Background of Anti-economic Globalization

This article combines the China's economic development under the background of deglobalization. Through analyzing the impact of deglobalization on China's economic development, it explores China's strategies to cope with deglobalization. The study found that deglobalization has had a significant impact on China's economic development, mainly including the impact on foreign trade, investment environment, economic structural adjustment, and national economic security. In order to respond to these impacts, this article proposes strategies such as optimizing foreign trade structure, enhancing technological innovation capability, strengthening international economic cooperation, and improving national economic security prevention capabilities. The research results indicate that properly addressing deglobalization can promote the healthy development of China's economy. Based on these findings, this article also looks forward to future research. In conclusion, this study aims to examine the issues of China's economic development under the background of deglobalization and provide reference for relevant decision-making.

Thoughts on the Curriculum Construction of Japanese Majors Specialty Serving the "Belt and Road"

The training mode of Japanese majors must actively adapt to the strategic policy adjustment of national economic structure, closely meet the actual needs of national development and social progress, properly adjust the curriculum system and syllabus, and scientifically and reasonably formulate the development plan of characteristic majors, so as to promote their sustained and healthy development. This paper discusses the optimization and reform of the curriculum system for Japanese majors, actively Introducing Information Technology into Links of Japanese Major Teaching, the enhancement of the platform for improving the international ability and the construction of educational resources, and makes new thoughts on the curriculum for Japanese majors serving the “Belt and Road”. It is expected that this paper can provide useful reference for other colleges and universities.

Research on the economic security application of energy economy in a low-carbon sustainable development society

Research on the economic security application of energy economy in a low-carbon sustainable development society is an important research field. Its purpose is to explore how to achieve the safe development of the national economy in the context of low-carbon sustainable development, including economic structural adjustment, green technology innovation, resource conservation and recycling, environmental protection, etc. This article explores how to ensure green and sustainable development of energy security and the security risk assessment of green energy economy.

Optimization of Rural Governance Structure under the Development of New Agricultural Management Entities

The positive impact of the development of new agricultural business entities and their institutional systems on the optimization of rural governance structures can be examined from various perspectives, including the state, market, rural society, urban-rural relations, and grassroots governance structure in rural communities. The development of these new agricultural business entities has not only redefined but also restructured the power distribution and governance patterns in rural developing countries, markets, and villages. The rural social order has evolved into a ternary mutual structure governance pattern, often referred to as the “state market rural” model. This transformation has prompted adjustments in the national economic and social policy structure and management systems at both macro and micro levels. It has led to the reshaping of power dynamics, benefit distribution, and governance structures in both urban and rural areas, resulting in significant changes to the economic and social fabric of rural regions. Furthermore, the grassroots governance structure in rural society, characterized by “township governance and village governance,” is undergoing continuous development and improvement. This transition is marked by a shift towards a collaborative governance structure that encourages diverse participation. Building upon the aforementioned optimizations, the rural governance structure now exhibits new characteristics. These include a more extensive and diverse range of rural governance mechanisms, increased openness in governance processes, and a heightened synergy among various governance mechanisms. This dynamic evolution reflects a richer, more diverse, and more open approach to rural governance, fostering a stronger collaborative effort in the pursuit of effective governance.

The Green Economy Transformation of GCC Countries and China-GCC Cooperation in Green Development

Abstract In 2015, all GCC countries acceded to the Paris Climate Agreement and submitted their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions since 2020. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict in 2022 led to a surge in world oil prices. Meanwhile, the increase in oil revenues created the new impetus for the green economy transformation and pushed it to an accelerated period. The green economy transition aimed at replacing fossil energy with hydrogen energy and making it a new driving force for export trade growth, on the other hand, it will incubate a number of private enterprises in the field of green science and technology, and realize economic diversification and private economy-led growth, and eventually led to economic structural adjustment which can increase the growth rate. GCC governments are committed to building renewable energy infrastructures, developing carbon capture and sequestration technologies, and emphasizing green and low-carbon building environmental governance. However, shortcomings in finance, technology and human resources restricted the transformation. China and the GCC countries need to cooperate to alleviate the difficulties and realize common green development. Currently, bilateral cooperation has already achieved fruitful results in areas of renewable energy infrastructure construction, green transportation and green capacity-building, In the future, green financial cooperation still needs to be strengthened.

The impact of adaptive management on community resilience in arid rural areas facing environmental change: An integrated analytical framework

Environmental variability poses a major risk to rural communities and farmers, particularly in dryland regions. Effective adaptive strategies must be implemented to promote the transformation, adaptation, and sustainable development of rural areas located in arid regions worldwide. The adaptive management of rural transformation can influence community resilience by changing the elemental structures of social–ecological systems. However, few studies have reported an assessment framework between system resilience and adaptive management. We developed an integrated analytical framework to fully estimate the impact of adaptation strategy implementation on different levels of community resilience, considering the differences between spatial geographic units and measuring changes in different temporal scales. We applied this framework to a case study of China’s Minqin Oasis, assessing the community resilience of rural areas facing environmental change. We found that (1) rural community resilience in Minqin Oasis has obvious spatial and temporal evolution characteristics, with the overall rural community resilience showing a decreasing trend over the past 30 years, while the spatial distribution of community resilience tended to be balanced for the period 2011–2017; (2) the main obstacles to the improvement of rural community resilience include wind and sand control, ecological water resources, economic levels, and the adjustment of the agricultural economic structure; and (3) Adaptation strategies based on the priority of ecological restoration and government-led mandatory policy are not conducive to the improvement of community resilience. This study provides a clear framework for linking adaptive management and community resilience assessment in the context of climate change or environmental risk. It also offers an effective means for policymakers to direct strategic resources to the geographic spaces where they are most required. Case-based research results provide an evaluation reference for the adaptive management of arid rural areas in the face of environmental change worldwide.

IMPACT OF IMF’S EXTENDED FUND FACILITY (EFF) ON MACROECONOMICS OF PAKISTAN

The International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Extended Fund Facility (EFF) utilized by several countries including Pakistan who facing the economic challenges. This study tried to analyze the impact of the IMF's EFF program on the macroeconomics of Pakistan. The study examining the different scopes of EFF program, including its objectives, conditions, and way forward. The paper also assess its effects on the main macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth, inflation, fiscal discipline, and external sector stability. The EFF program, implemented in Pakistan during a period of economic distress, aimed to address the country's balance of payment crisis, stabilize the exchange rate, restore investor confidence, and promote sustainable economic growth. Under this program, Pakistan committed to a set of economic reforms and structural adjustments, including fiscal consolidation measures, monetary tightening, and structural reforms in key sectors such as energy and taxation. However, the implementation of the EFF program also had some adverse effects on the macroeconomics of Pakistan. The program's stringent conditions, such as fiscal austerity measures and energy tariff adjustments, contributed to a temporary slowdown in economic growth. Furthermore, the austerity measures had distributional consequences, impacting vulnerable segments of society and potentially widening income inequality.

Analysis on spatial effect of environmental regulation on upgrading of industrial structure in China.

Transformation and upgrading of industrial structure is the key link to achieve high-quality economic development in China. In recent years, China has begun to eliminate some industries with high energy consumption and high pollution through environmental regulation policies and promote transformation and upgrading the industrial structure. Under multiple pressures such as the shortage of industrial structure and the decline in the demographic dividend, environmental regulation as a binding force will have an significantimpact on ecological protection and economic structure adjustment. With the promotion of the inter-regional integration strategy, the links between various regions are becoming closer and closer. Therefore, the environmental regulation policies implemented by the government will not only affect the region, but canalso impactneighboring regions. So, how will environmental regulation affect the optimization of industrial structure in the local and surrounding areas and themechanism and pathways of its impact are theoretical topics worthy of in-depth study, which have important practical significance for exploring the win-win sustainable development path of industrial structure optimization and ecological protection. This paper selects the data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2019, analyses their spatial distribution characteristics, and establishes a spatial Dubin model to explore the spatial effect of environmental regulation intensity on the upgrading of local and adjacent regional industrial structure. The research results show that: (1) China's environmental regulation policy is not developed independently, but has certain relevance in space, that is, regions with higher environmental regulation intensity are adjacent to each other, and regions with lower environmental regulation are adjacent to each other; (2) The intensity of environmental regulation does not directly promote or inhibit the transformation and upgrading of the local industrial structure, but has a positive spatial spillover effect on the upgrading of the industrial structure in the surrounding areas; (3) The impact of environmental regulation policies on the upgrading of industrial structure is mainly reflected through indirect effects.

Training of Employment and Entrepreneurship Ability of Students Majoring in Big Data and Accounting in Higher Vocational Colleges in The Era of Big Intelligence and Cloud

The digital economy is booming in the era of smart mobile cloud. The industrial transformation and upgrading of enterprises and the adjustment of economic structure have profoundly changed the employment structure and post capacity requirements. Intelligent technology permeates life and economy in an all-round way, shaping a new model of financial work. The new forms and new contents of accounting work will inevitably cause education to rethink the cultivation of employment and entrepreneurship ability of students majoring in big data and accounting (formerly accounting). As the output of the driving force for the sustainable development of regional economy, the cultivation of technical and skilled talents and employment and entrepreneurship education in higher vocational colleges should closely integrate with the development of local economy. This paper takes Wenzhou as an example, based on the perspective of serving the development of Wenzhou's regional economy in the era of big intelligence transfer, From four aspects of reorienting the training objectives of accounting talents, optimizing the professional curriculum system, carrying out high-quality practical teaching, and reforming the talent evaluation mechanism, this paper constructs the training path of employment and entrepreneurship ability of graduates of this major, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures to improve the quality of professional talent training.

The Differences in the Impact of Economic Structure Adjustment on the Ecological Carrying Capacity of County Education—A Case Study of Chongqing, China

Basic education is a foundation-laying project of national quality education. Improving the ecological carrying level of basic education is of great practical significance to the coordinated and sustainable development of regional society and economy. Based on the panel data of Chongqing from 2011 to 2017, combined with the DPSIR theoretical model, a comprehensive evaluation index system was conducted, and the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of ecological carrying capacity of county education in Chongqing was explored by using statistical analysis and spatial analysis methods. The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze differences in the impact of economic structure adjustment on the ecological carrying capacity of county education. It was found that the level of ecological carrying capacity of county education in Chongqing showed a steady upward trend in terms of time sequence, and all the five subsystems showed the characteristics of steady development, but the influence of each subsystem on the overall carrying capacity was different. From the formation mechanism, Chongqing’s educational ecological carrying capacity is the result of a multi-factor complex system, and there are obvious differences in the influencing factors at different development stages. Therefore, it is necessary to narrow the regional differences of education ecological carrying capacity, promote the coordinated development of education among regions, and take multiple measures to effectively ensure the high quality and sustainable development of county education in Chongqing.

Development of Applied Technology Courses in Colleges and Universities Oriented by Professional Needs——Taking C Programming as an Example

With China entering a new stage of development, industrial upgrading and economic structure adjustment are accelerating, and the demand for technical and skilled talents in all walks of life is becoming more and more urgent. It is imperative to cultivate applied technical talents. A large number of ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities are changing to applied talents. At present, ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities in the process of application-oriented transformation urgently need to develop a number of application-oriented courses with the guiding ideology of "carrying out teaching activities according to the requirements of real environment, learning, doing and mastering real skills". At this stage, in order to implement the transformation from national ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities to applied technology colleges and universities, many colleges and universities have embarked on the road of transformation. In order to effectively cultivate applied talents, we need to be in line with social needs. This paper describes the development process and methods of Applied Technology Courses in Colleges and Universities Based on professional needs and taking C programming course as an example. A scientific and perfect development process and methods of applied technology courses can develop more and better excellent courses, help ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities quickly transform to applied technology colleges and universities, and help cultivate applied technology talents.

The sustainable development of a low-carbon system using a system dynamics model: A case study of China

With the process of economic transformation and structural adjustment, low-carbon development has become an intrinsic and realistic demand for China's national economic and social development. This paper builds a system dynamic (SD) model of China's low-carbon development based on the internal influencing mechanisms of carbon sources, carbon flows, and carbon sinks, and then explores the impact of carbon sources, carbon flows, and carbon sinks system on carbon emissions under different scenarios. The model in our study is effective and practical, and it can not only clearly demonstrate the interaction mechanism between various systems but also provide effective policy recommendations for policymakers. The results show that (1) with the steady growth of the economy, China's total energy consumption and carbon emissions have increased significantly. By 2025, the total energy consumption will reach 628 798 ten thousand tons, and the carbon emissions will reach 689 257 ten thousand tons; (2) as for energy and industrial structure, on the one hand, energy restructuring is more effective in reducing carbon emissions than is industrial restructuring; (3) carbon sinks also play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Study on the Sustainable use of Regional Groundwater Resources

Water resources have become a major factor limiting the sustainable development of China’s economy and society, and at the same time China’s water resources are developed and utilized in a relatively sloppy manner, China is facing multiple pressures of population, resources and environment, and the problems of water shortage, water environment deterioration and flood disaster prevention are becoming increasingly prominent. The rapid development of economic and social demand for water resources is increasing, and the people’s desire to improve the ecology and environment is becoming more and more urgent. How to fully consider the sustainable use of water resources, effectively solve the contradiction between water demand and supply, development and protection, improve the level of planning and scientific decision-making, promote economic development and water carrying capacity to adapt to accelerate the transformation of economic growth and structural adjustment is of great importance.

Effects of Human Capital on Energy Consumption: The Role of Income Inequality.

High-quality human capital (HC) development has a strong influence on achieving a win-win target of economic growth and energy consumption mitigation based on the background of the contemporary "carbon neutrality" constraints in China. We here aim to empirically assess the effect of HC on energy consumption (EC) in 30 provinces of China from 2000 to 2019. Moreover, we broaden the literature by discussing the effect of HC in terms of impact mechanism and nonlinear relationship. Based on methods of the augmented mean group (AMG), the estimation of long-term impacts indicates that the improvement of HC significantly discourages the increase in EC. The intrinsic mechanism shows that the accumulation of HC significantly promotes the decline of EC through economic structure adjustment and technological innovation. Moreover, the threshold model indicates that income equality lifts the inhibitory impact of HC on EC. Accordingly, the development of HC should be involved in the policy preference of China's provincial and national development strategies considering its effectiveness in stimulating the reduction of energy consumption.

Towards Carbon Neutrality: Carbon Emission Performance of Science and Technology Finance Policy

Combining technology with finance is the focus of supporting economic structure adjustment, and environmental benefits are also the proper meaning of the policy. Using the panel data of 274 cities in China from 2006 to 2017, this paper examines the impact of the Science and Technology Finance Policy (STFP) on carbon emission intensity in pilot cities and the transmission mechanisms through the difference-in-differences method and further explores the impact of STFP on the carbon emission intensity in neighboring cities. The results show that (1) STFP has significantly reduced carbon emission intensity in pilot cities and has dynamic effects, which gradually increase over time. There is significant heterogeneity in the carbon emission reduction effect of STFP, which produces stronger policy effects in first and second-tier cities and cities with higher information levels. (2) STFP achieves carbon emission reduction effects through three main pathways: the total factor productivity improvement effect, innovative elements agglomeration effect, and industrial structure optimization effect. (3) The STFP and national e-commerce demonstration policy have an interactive effect, and the two jointly contribute to the reduction in carbon emission intensity. From the perspective of a spatial effect, STFP has a radiation effect; that is, STFP not only reduces local carbon emission intensity but also curbs the carbon emission intensity in neighboring areas.

Improving consumer stickiness in livestream e-commerce: A mixed-methods study.

With the continuous development and improvement of Internet media technologies in China, the influence of livestream e-commerce is becoming increasingly prominent, and an increasing number of people are engaging in consumption activities in this field. It is important to study consumer stickiness in livestream e-commerce to promote economic structure adjustment and innovation-driven development. Therefore, in this study, we adopted the expectation confirmation theory (ECT) as the theoretical framework and analyzed the ECT and stickiness. The study considered satisfaction as the previous influencing factor of user and consumer stickiness, replaced the continuance intention in the expectation confirmation model with consumer stickiness as the explanatory variable, introduced the variable of perceived playfulness as the value perception after user experience, and established a consumer stickiness factors model. A total of 262 valid questionnaires were collected in this study, and SmartPLS analysis along with interviews were used to justify the limitations of data analysis. The results of the study demonstrated a significant effect of perceived usefulness and confirmation on satisfaction, a significant effect of confirmation on perceived usefulness, a significant effect of satisfaction on stickiness, and a significant effect of confirmation on perceived playfulness. Based on findings from the data analysis and interviews, we further proposed rationalized recommendations, and aimed to provide some theoretical guidance for future research on live streaming.

The Role of Nanomaterial Technology Industrialization Model in Promoting the Optimization of Financial Market Industrial Structure

The material technology industrialization model is in promoting the adjustment of the financial market industrial economic structure. The experiment realized the adjustment of industrial economic structure by the adsorption of nano materials. TiO2-rGO was prepared firstly, and then Mn dioxide nanoparticles (HM NPs) were synthesized. The specific surface area and pore volume were determined by N2 adsorption BET method. The infrared spectrum was obtained by infrared spectrometer (MA). The sample was heated to 900°C at 10°C to determine TGA. In order to explore the surface composition and chemical element state of the material, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used with monochromatic al Ka ray. The structure and composition of the substance can be deduced by characterization. The Zr metal organic framework was applied to the adsorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) in water. he experimental data show that the degradation efficiency of metronidazole is the best in the presence of visible light and hydrogen peroxide, which can reach about 80% in 60 minutes. The results show that nano materials and nanotechnology can promote the adjustment of economic structure of financial market industry, and have a great impetus to the entire financial industry.

Synergic Benefits of Air Pollutant Reduction, CO2 Emission Abatement, and Water Saving under the Goal of Achieving Carbon Emission Peak: The Case of Tangshan City, China.

The study aims to explore the synergic benefits of reducing air pollutants and CO2 and water consumption under the carbon emission peak (CEP) policies at a city level. Air pollutants and CO2 emissions are predicted by the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) model, and the water consumption is forecast by the quota method. Two scenarios are constructed with the same policies, but to different degrees: the reference scenario achieves CEP in 2030, and the green and low carbon scenario achieves CEP in 2025. The prediction results show that air pollutant emissions, CO2 emissions, and water consumption can be obviously decreased by intensifying the CEP policies. The synergic abatement effect was illustrated by the synergic reduction curve. Accelerating the adjustment of economic structure saves the most water, reduces the greatest amount of CO2 emission, and also obtains the best synergic reduction capability between water consumption and CO2 emission. Transforming the traditionally long process of steelmaking toward a short electric process reduces the majority of PM2.5, SO2, and VOC emissions, while consuming more water. The study provides a new viewpoint to assess and optimize the CEP action plan at city levels.