Industrial Economic Performance Research Articles

Examining the Chinese mobile phone industry in the reverse supply chains

This research aims to develop a simulation model for the Chinese mobile phone industry's reverse supply chain and analyses the effects of the trade-in program and the government subsidy on the system’s behaviour. We adopt a system dynamics (SD) modelling approach, an excellent tool for studying dynamic processes in which new decisions have to be made, and new policies appear. Key factors and their relationships are identified through literature review and observation. The research outcomes conclude that the trade-in program and the government subsidy have different effects on the system behaviour when collectors compete by taking different acquisition and recycling strategies. The former has a significantly positive impact on the formal recycling industry's economic performance, while the latter has a critical influence on alleviating the problem of uncontrollable disposal. The original primary contribution is to offer an observation and a comparison regarding the possible effects of the trade-in program and government subsidy on a reverse supply chain in the mobile phone industry when a competitive collection is involved.

Estimating Cross-Industry Cross-Country Interaction Models Using Benchmark Industry Characteristics

Abstract Cross-industry cross-country models are used to address a wide array of questions in economics. They do so by analysing how the economic performance of industries in different countries depends on an interaction effect between industry and country characteristics. As the relevant industry characteristics are unobservable in most countries, they are approximated by industry characteristics in a benchmark country. We show that this approach generally yields biased estimates of the industry–country interaction effect. The sign of the bias depends on whether or not technologically similar countries tend to be similar in other country characteristics. We propose an alternative estimation approach.

Effects of Foreign Trade on the Economic Performance of Industries—Evidence from Wood Processing Industry of Czechia and Slovakia

As was first stressed by the classical economists Adam Smith and David Ricardo, international trade plays a crucial role in the growth process. The paper aims to analyze the influence of foreign trade on economic performance in the wood processing industry (WPI) of Czechia and Slovakia. The multivariate regression method (MLR), assumption tests for MLR models, and Granger causality test were applied to identify association between foreign trade economic performance, and indicators were formed to measure the effects of foreign trade at the industry level. The Granger test revealed the unidirectional causality in the Slovak WPI and bidirectional causality in the Czech WPI. The results revealed that the net export growth has a positive effect on the economic performance of the industry, but only if the growth in imports is lower than in exports. The balanced trade balance indicated no influence of foreign trade on economic performance. The paper contributes to existing knowledge with indicators for evaluation of foreign trade effects on the performance of the industry. The paper also brings new empirical knowledge in trade balance effects on the economic performance of industries.

The fifth industrial revolution – innovations in the field of biotechnologies and neural networks

A comprehensive study of the phenomenon of the fifth industrial revolution is carried out. This topic is relevant due to the rapid development of biotechnologies and neural networks, transforming the environment of industries and society as a whole. Various interpretations of the term “fifth industrial revolution” are considered, and the key characteristics of previous industrial revolutions are identified and analysed. The main content of the research paper is an analysis of the scientific literature, consideration of visions of the fifth industrial revolution, as well as the identification of the main opportunities and threats that manufacturing enterprises, industries and society as a whole will face. The impact of Industry 5.0 on the economic performance of industries while meeting the needs and interests of employees, as well as ensuring environmental sustainability and resource conservation is described. The importance of the readiness of future industries to adapt to changing conditions in key value chains is emphasized. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature, the authors have revealed that the fifth industrial revolution will be determined by a new and expanded purposefulness, consisting of three basic elements: human orientation, stability and sustainability. Finally, the importance of balancing production through the development of sustainable strategic value chains, adaptable production capacities and flexible business processes was emphasized.

Trade Openness, Social Capital and Total Factor Productivity in Tobacco Industry

Objectives: The tobacco industry makes crucial contributions to local fiscal revenue and thus how to improve the productivity of tobacco industry has gain great attention by scholars, entrepreneurs, and governments. The present study attempts to explore the role of trade openness and social capital in the improvement of total factor productivity (TFP) focusing on tobacco industry. Methods: The present study firstly proposed an estimation model under the framework of new growth theory, and then taking tobacco industries in the top fifty cities in China’s GDP list as examples, the present study conducted an empirical study using regression analysis methodology. Results: The results demonstrated that social capital contributes to enhancing the utilization effectiveness of material capital in tobacco industry, and it has a more direct influence on total factor productivity relative to tobacco industry economic performance. The influence of trade openness and social capital on TFP in tobacco industry is moderated by the present industry economic performance. Conclusion: Both trade openness and social capital play critical roles in promoting the productivity of tobacco industry and the entire industrial economic development. This study thus has practical implications for both tobacco enterprise managers and local governments, and enriches the theory relating to social capital.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯМИ СТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ РОССИИ

The purpose of the article is to consider innovation as a factor in scientific and technological development and digitalization of the Russian economy. In the management of the innovation process for the implementation of innovative projects, an important role belongs to enterprises (companies) of the construction industry operating at all stages of the innovation life cycle, which makes it possible to foresee possible risks in innovation and improve the industry economic performance of developers. The importance of these enterprises lies in the fact that in the context of the digital transformation of the economy, they are actively developing and implementing digital services, as well as forming and mastering ecosystems.

Environmental Regulation Effects Revisited: Channel Effects on Industrial Economic Performance

Environmental Regulation Effects Revisited: Channel Effects on Industrial Economic Performance

The Study on the Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Performance of High-Tech Industry

In the era of knowledge and low-carbon economy, how environmental regulation can affect the performance of high-tech industry has become a hot topic in many academic studies. Basing on the study sample of the high-tech industry, this paper develops the scales of environmental regulation and the performance of high-tech industry, and then tests the impact of environmental regulation on the performance of high-tech industry through SEM. The results show that command-control environmental regulation has insignificant affect on high-tech industry economic performance, ecological performance and technological performance, but incentive environmental regulation and voluntary environmental regulation have significant positive effect on high-tech industry economic performance, ecological performance and technological performance.

Globalization and Industrial Performance in Nigeria: A Case Study of the Plastic Industry; 1975-2010

This paper is an attempt to examine the impact of globalisation on industrial performance in Nigeria over the period 1975 -2010 with the plastic firm in focus. The study period was splitted into two sub-periods, the pre-SAP and post-SAP era since the formal adoption of globalization policies started with the structural adjustment programme. A descriptive method of analysis using percentages, graphs as well as econometrics approach of analysis was employed to achieve the aim of this paper. Applying the Levin, Lin and Cut as well as Hadri Z statistics to determine the stationary state of our data, the result shows that the variables are not stationery at their level but at first difference except. Therefore, a co integrating test was carried out to test the existence of a long run relationship in our data. The result suggests that there exists a long run relationship among the variables. Evidence from the study indicated that, contrary to people’s expectations and claims by the World Bank, the economic performance of industries in the Manufacturing sector especially the plastic industry during the post-SAP period were adversely affected by the process of globalization. That is these policies failed to improve the drop in the rate of capacity utilization of the plastic industry and the sector as a whole as well as their contributions to out put or the growth of the economy. The emerging results from our study indicated that prior to the SAP era the contributions of the Plastic firm to economic growth experienced a continuous drop. This situation according to our study exacerbated during the post SAP era due to the continuous fall in the rate of capacity utilization of the firm. Therefore, our findings confirm the position that the globalisation policies that aim at the structural economic transformation of the economy of the country were associated with a process of deindustrialization. On the basis of the findings from our study, we recommended that firms should be adequately informed about the next phase of globalization, protective policies should be introduced to protect infant industries and subsidization of the cost of raw materials and globalization policies should be adopted in areas where the country have comparative advantage than her trading partners.

Economic–environmental monitoring indicators for European countries: A disaggregated sector-based approach for monitoring eco-efficiency

Eco-efficiency links economic efficiency with environmental efficiency. The main purpose of the concept is to identify and implement activities to enable production that is both economically more efficient and cleaner. This means that parameters with a high indicative value have to be used. Since both the environmental and the economic performance of industries must be described concurrently, environmental intensity appears to be a good indicator of eco-efficiency. Environmental intensity is environmental impact per unit of economic performance. In this paper, the environmental impact of industry classes is derived from emission data, released by the European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER), and then aggregated and assessed using Eco-Indicator 99, a single-score life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method. The calculated ratio is thus an accurate description of the environmental–economic state of industry classes. The main advantage of this approach is the underlying consistent statistical framework, that permits, on a disaggregated level, economic data to be correlated with ecological data and to be frequently updated. This single indicator facilitates a comparison of environmental intensity of different industry classes. The paper shows that it is possible to deduce a disaggregated eco-efficiency indicator, which is exemplified using German data, however could be analysed for different European countries.

Clusters, Convergence, and Economic Performance

This paper evaluates the role of regional cluster composition in the economic performance of industries, clusters and regions. On the one hand, diminishing returns to specialization in a location can result in a convergence effect: the growth rate of an industry within a region may be declining in the level of activity of that industry. At the same time, positive spillovers across complementary economic activities provide an impetus for agglomeration: the growth rate of an industry within a region may be increasing in the size and “strength” (i.e., relative presence) of related economic sectors. Building on Porter (1998, 2003), we develop a systematic empirical framework to identify the role of regional clusters – groups of closely related and complementary industries operating within a particular region – in regional economic performance. We exploit newly available data from the US Cluster Mapping Project to disentangle the impact of convergence at the region-industry level from agglomeration within clusters. We find that, after controlling for the impact of convergence at the narrowest unit of analysis, there is significant evidence for cluster-driven agglomeration. Industries participating in a strong cluster register higher employment growth as well as higher growth of wages, number of establishments, and patenting. Industry and cluster level growth also increases with the strength of related clusters in the region and with the strength of similar clusters in adjacent regions. Importantly, we find evidence that new industries emerge where there is a strong cluster environment. Our analysis also suggests that the presence of strong clusters in a region enhances growth opportunities in other industries and clusters. Overall, these findings highlight the important role of cluster-based agglomeration in regional economic performance.

Labour and Total Factor Productivity in the Chinese Electronics Industry in the 1990s

The Chinese Electronics Industry (CEI) is the largest industry in China in terms of sales revenues and accounts for the largest amount of foreign direct investment of any industry in China. This paper provides an analysis of the industry's economic performance using panel data for the period 1993 to 1999 to calculate labour productivity, and for 1995 to 1999 to calculate total factor productivity. The analysis provides separate figures for each main ownership form in China. The results confirm that while performance under all ownership forms has improved during the 1990s, productivity in state-owned enterprises has continued to lag behind that in collectives and joint ventures, including wholly foreign-owned firms. In addition, the study finds that the move to corporatise state‐owned enterprises by creating limited liability companies, with a view to improving corporate governance and therefore their management, has yet to have a noticeable effect on productivity. Limited liability companies in the CEI have a higher absolute level of productivity than traditionally-organised SOEs, but the growth rates of the two sectors did not differ much over the period studied. Also, SOEs, in traditional and limited liability forms, continue to be outperformed by the collective and joint venture sectors.

The Economic Impact of the Casino Industry in South Korea

This study estimated the economic impact of the casino industry in South Korea using an input-output model. The casino multipliers were derived from 405 X 405 transactions tables in terms of output, personal income, employment, value added, indirect tax, and import. The casino industry was compared with the export industry based on the multipliers and the rate of foreign exchange earnings. The substitution effects of casino earnings for export goods (semiconductors, TV sets, and passenger cars) were also analyzed for an easier understanding of the casino industry's economic performance. The demographics and preferences of casino visitors are presented in this study.

Research as an Invisible Export

Our government, in its white paper An Approach to Industrial Strategy, has demonstrated its firm attachment to a policy for reversing the relative decline of British manufacturing industry and hopes to maintain a policy framework which will improve our industry's economic performance. These are words only slightly paraphrased from a recent government document.

Work Study Volume 26 Issue 9

SAYS the handout from the Department of Industry: “The key role played by managers in improving British industry's economic performance was emphasised by Mr. Eric Varley, Secretary of State for Industry. He said that the publication of a discussion paper on industry, education and management underlined that industry in Britain today had many first class managers who made vital contributions to the economy.