Economic Influence Research Articles

Economic inequality and relative deprivation influence prosocial decisions towards moral and immoral causes

Economic inequality and relative deprivation influence prosocial decisions towards moral and immoral causes

The Anti-China Narrative in Canada's Indo-Pacific Strategy

The Indo-Pacific region is becoming increasingly important as China grows in economic, technological and military influence. The growing influence of China in the region has raised concerns among Western countries, including Canada, which in late 2022 unveiled its first Indo-Pacific Strategy, aimed at strengthening its position in the region through developing economic, political, and military ties with regional players, as well as promoting the values and principles of Canadian Statehood in the Indo-Pacific region. Some analysts see this as a shift in Canada’s approach towards “containing” China. The article examines the relationship between Canada’s Indo-Pacific strategy and China’s policy of “containment”, analyzing the Canadian approach and its key components of the “anti-China” narrative.

Industrial policy and the State of development: to actualization of the notion

Objective: to analyze the trajectories of industrial policy effective implementation by determining the relevance of key elements of the “development state” model in modern international realities. Methods: monographic, historical, abstract-logical, comparative methods. Results: the characteristics of the “development states” concept described on the example of some Asian countries allowed their governments to carry out industrial modernization of national economies in a short time and switch to the sustainable economic development trajectory. For many years, the “development state” has been perceived by researchers as part of history. This was determined by the consensus on the existing boundaries of state intervention in the economy. In recent years, the interest of governments in industrial policy has been growing. The implementation of measures withinthe industrial policy gives rise to new challenges to public administration, probably similar to those that the development states have gone through. The author shows that the available formulations of the qualitative characteristics inherent both in the “development state” concept and in some Asian countries in a certain period of their development are significant for the modern theory of public administration in the context of industrial policy measures. Scientific novelty: it consists in understanding the concept of the “development state” in the modern context. Practical significance: the research provisions and conclusions can be used in the future studies of the economic theory influence on socio-political discourses and political decisions.

The Unfinished Decolonisation of Brunei: Oil, Strategy, and British Withdrawal

This paper examines Brunei’s protracted path to independence, achieved in 1984 after nearly two decades of negotiations with the United Kingdom. Although Britain sought to divest itself of colonial responsibilities, Brunei’s substantial oil wealth and investments in the Sterling Area gave the Sultan considerable leverage, including the ability to threaten unilateral withdrawal of Sterling holdings. This economic influence, combined with the Sultan’s resistance to joining Malaysia or embracing full independence, prolonged the decolonisation process. The paper highlights how Brunei’s strategic economic ties to Britain, including investments in Shell and contributions to the Sterling Area, allowed the Sultan to balance autonomy with continued British protection. It also explores the UK’s competing interests: reducing overseas commitments while maintaining financial benefits during a period of economic instability in the 1960s and 1970s. This research sheds light on the economic and political complexities of decolonisation in Southeast Asia. It argues that Brunei’s case illustrates the persistence of colonial ties well beyond the broader decolonisation wave of the 1960s, revealing how economic imperatives shaped the timing and nature of British disengagement from empire.

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF HISTORICAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND GLOBAL INFLUENCES ON HEALTH SECTOR REFORMS IN PAKISTAN

Background: This paper analyzed historical, political, economic, social and global influences on the health sector reforms in Pakistan.Material & MethodsThe article is based on a critical analysis of secondary data from the public domain as well as from international development agencies. It also draws from scholarly articles about the experiences of health sector reforms carried out in other countries.ResultsHistorically, ever since the independence of Pakistan, the actual power remained in the hands of elite class, therefore, no meaningfulreforms were introduced in the basic socio-political structure of the Pakistani society. Financially, due to high debt burden and the huge military expenditure, the state is shifting its traditional responsibility of providing health services to its masses to the private sector leading to further marginalization of poor and the disadvantaged. Furthermore, social issues such as rapid population growth,unplanned urbanization and emergence of mega cities are putting further pressure on already constrained resources and infrastructure and therefore are a reason and future challenge for health sector reforms in Pakistan.ConclusionsTwo important conclusions can be drawn. One, any reform introduced for the improvement of health status of Pakistani population tosucceed, needs to consider the complex socio-political structure of the society. Second, all the historical, political, economic, social, andglobal factors discussed in this paper reinforces the need for major health sector reforms in Pakistan and it also demonstrates theconstraints that the system must overcome in order to initiate any meaningful change

Crucial yet Limited: China’s Role in the Saudi-Iranian Rapprochement

The peace agreement between Saudi Arabia and Iran, signed in Beijing in March 2023, not only appeased the seven-year rivalry between the two Gulf powers, but also highlighted China’s emerging role in the reconciliation. This article aims to assess China’s role in this ‘diplomatic triumph’ (as it has often been portrayed by the Chinese media) by situating its role within a three-level perspective. I suggest that China’s involvement in the Saudi-Iranian rapprochement should be analysed objectively, cautioning against attributing an overly expansive role to China in this diplomatic process, while acknowledging China’s crucial role in promoting the final mediation agreement. The article argues that the primary motivations for the rapprochement stemmed from a genuine desire on the part of both Riyadh and Tehran to normalise relations, with Iraq and other regional powers providing the framework for the negotiations to move forward and China stepping in as a suitable and decent guarantor. This article aims to approach China’s role through seeing Beijing’s economic influence in the region as the basis on which it was able to play a mediating role.

Cultural, social, and economic influences on academic field choice among Jewish and Muslim students.

This study investigated the complex cultural, social, and economic factors influencing the choice of academic field among Jewish and Muslim students in Israeli higher education. By employing a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and conjoint analysis, this research revealed significant differences between the two groups. Our findings indicate that Muslim students exhibit significantly higher levels of individualism compared to Jewish students, as measured by the individualism scale. They also place greater importance on prior work experience and teacher influence when choosing a field of study. In contrast, Jewish students prioritize earning potential. The findings underscore the need for culturally responsive educational policies and support systems that cater to the diverse needs and aspirations of students from different socio-cultural backgrounds. This study contributes to understanding the multifaceted dynamics shaping educational choices in multicultural societies and highlights the importance of fostering inclusive learning environments. Future research should include additional ethnic groups and explore the long-term impact of educational pathways on social and economic mobility.

Boundary Objects at Play in the World's Greenest Football Club

ABSTRACTIn the face of increasing environmental and societal pressures, organizations are gradually moving away from merely reducing their detrimental effects toward making positive impacts. One sizeable sector of economic activity, that is frequently overlooked, is that of sport, of which football is the largest in terms of economic value, fan base and global cultural influence. It is only relatively recently that outliers in the football industry have transitioned from being purely profit‐motivated to being both socially and environmentally aware. This transition is challenging since it is being undertaken within the often aggressively masculine environment, as well as the deep‐seated socio‐historical origins and contexts of the individual clubs and the sport as a whole. One such outlying football club is Forest Green Rovers which appears to have navigated this journey successfully. However, research has yet to understand “how” this has been achieved. This study addresses this gap through a 4‐year examination of the social and environmental initiatives of Forest Green Rovers. This lower‐league “club on the hill” is globally recognized for its novel approaches and solutions. Through examining the various Boundary Objects that aid in uniting disparate social groups in order to effect considerable changes to the “match day experience” and to stakeholders' consumption behaviors, it explains how their pragmatic, syntactic, and semantic functions combine to create an accepted suite of socially and environmentally beneficial initiatives.

Optimizing China's economic performance through government hierarchy restructuring

AbstractChina's Province‐managing‐county (PMC) reform policy aims to mitigate fiscal stress and augment expenditure autonomy for county governments by eradicating the subordinate fiscal relationship between prefectures and counties. The research augments the time‐varying difference‐in‐difference technique, utilizing a longitudinal dataset at the county level to examine the incentive effects of this reform on economic performance and local government policy decision. The empirical investigation divulges that the local fiscal incentives introduced by this reform through alleviating fiscal stress and providing expenditure autonomy significantly impact economic performance and influence local government policy decisions. The outcomes become more noticeable in economically developed regions and those characterized by enhanced institutional quality and reduced migration barriers. Additionally, the reform encourages counties to adopt a more proactive fiscal policy characterized by increased capital expenditure to promote economic performance while reducing expenditures on social security subsidies and administrative costs affirming that economic performance targets of county governments garbles the composition of public expenditure. These results support positing that a flattened hierarchical structure ameliorates delays in fiscal matters and facilitates communication across various levels of government in the context of improved institutional quality and reduced migration barriers however at the expense of reduced public expenditures. The findings additionally signifies that PMC policy reform become more incentivized in the political competition for economic performance.

Factors Affecting The Voting Behavior In Electing Barangay Officials In Tanauan City, Batangas Philippines

This research investigates the factors influencing voting behavior in electing barangay officials in Tanauan City, Batangas, Philippines. Using a descriptive research design, the study surveyed residents from five barangays with the highest voting population, focusing on familial affiliations, leadership qualities, and economic influence. Data analysis revealed that familial affiliations, leadership aptitudes, and economic factors significantly influence voting decisions. While respondents generally agreed that familial ties play a role, they also expressed openness to candidates from outside their network. Leadership skills, past achievements, and educational background were highly valued, indicating a preference for informed decision-making. Economic factors, including candidates’ wealth and economic performance records, also influenced voting behavior. However, respondents emphasized the importance of individual qualities, skills, and traits over political connections and social status. The study highlights the complex interplay of factors influencing voting behavior at the barangay level, providing insights into the dynamics of local elections in the Philippines.

Parental influence on career choice in Jos North Islamic Secondary Schools, Nigeria

This study sought to analyzed parental influences on career choice in Jos North Islamic secondary schools. A sample of ten schools was selected using simple random sampling technique and total of 323 student participated in the research. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows that there is positive but non-significant relationship between parental religiosity and career choice of their children. The result also reveals that there is positive and significant relationship between parental socio-cultural and economic influences and their children career choices at 5% and 10% significant level respectively. The study recommends the need to uplift career counseling unit in Islamic secondary schools. It also recommends the development of good relationship between parent and school counsellors towards guiding the students to Islamic career choice preference.

Economic influences of agriculture production and import mechanisms through commodity market in the nepalese context

Agriculture production not only manage food and domestic needs rather enhance nation’s economy. Nepalese production is relying from neighbours through import due to insufficiency. This study design to analyse the impact of agricultural cereal production and import scenario in the Nepalese context. A mixed method approach, both Qualitative and Quantitative data utilized for this Doctoral study-based paper, Farmers of all Seven Provinces samples with HHs interview and secondary data of agriculture and Custom data used. The study was conducted from January to June 2023. The findings revealed the major cereal crop production from own like paddy, maize, wheat and millet are limited for some season. In addition, import from India shifting large economy to India through import. The agriculture production meeting domestic needs like seasonal food and market stock. Whereas seeds, input and mechanization dependency largely depending on neighbours due to no manufacturing of own. The study concluded as agriculture production is a major source of income and food for Nepal. Limited month of sufficiency at the local production bounded Nepal depends on import. The cause was found as lack of sufficient input system, low priority of agriculture from all sectors, diversity and low-political priority. Food Diversity and local production enhancement is the ultimately way out to deal with this issue.

Prospects the Democracy in Ukraine - Based on Changes in Economic Conditions Since the Russian Invasion

The article aims to clarify the deep relevance and dependence of economic basis and democracy level, which includes how does the former play a role in the formation, the maintenance and the future development of the latter. Economic prosperity, the leader of production activities, power of the middle class, diversification of Economic sector and trade liberalization is the object focus on in this study. It will focus on noteworthy oneUkraine. The aggression from Russia has caused huge macroeconomic changes in Ukraine. Therefore, this article examines the current economic influence of such drastic external factors as a military invasion. This paper will combine the theory of how the economic situation affects the level of democracy with specific economic data and practical research in Ukraine. Then look at the positive and negative aspects, some changes can improve the level of democracy, while others will harm the level of democracy in Ukraine.

Turning South African History Upside Down: Ivory and Gold Production, the Indian Ocean Trading System and the Shaping of Southern African Society, 600–1900 AD

A focus on the colonial period has created a foreshortened history of South Africa which has been further blinkered by the reification of national boundaries. This perspective has limited the understanding of deeper and wider historical processes that moulded society’s past and present. It gives pride of place to cultural, economic and political influences that spread northward from the southernmost tip of Africa. But it ignores the reality that until the first decades of the 19th century a distinct political economy influenced the northern interior of what became South Africa. This system was the product of ongoing interaction between regional dynamics and ancient and evolving Indian Ocean trading networks. It was for many centuries an important zone of economic and political innovation, but it has been largely overlooked in general accounts of South African history. This article argues that a narrative which starts in the seventh century in the Limpopo Valley and which traces the interactions between trade and political transformation through the emergence of states at Mapungubwe, Great Zimbabwe, Thulamela and subsequently the rise of the Venda, Pedi and Zulu kingdoms provides helpful and engaging perspectives on the making of South Africa.

Current educational strategies addressing antibiotic resistance: a bibliometric analysis

Microorganisms have the potential to induce diseases characterized by rapid transmission and high mortality rates. Today, there persist medical unresolved issues, including the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. This phenomenon stands as one of the paramount global threats to public health in the twenty-first century. A primary exacerbating factor contributing to antibiotic resistance is the misinformation concerning their irresponsible utilization. The lack of information is not only evident in the adult population but is also a problem observed in both school and university-level education. The present study aims to analyze global scientific production regarding teaching strategies to address the issue of antibiotic resistance by using the Web of Science database. The total amount of papers focused on this (13,637) represent only a 2.2% of the total mount related to antibiotic resistance (615,025). Countries with significant economic influence such as the USA or China lead the way on this topic. However, less economically powerful nations from Africa and Asia are also making remarkable contributions. The number of studies focused on elementary and higher education is relatively low (611 and 453, respectively), and it has not increased in the last few years. Nevertheless, the primary objective of these studies appears to be well-defined: to raise awareness and promote prevention as the main teaching strategy. The results underscore the need to integrate strategies emphasizing the responsible use of antibiotics, along with the importance of prevention and knowledge. In addition, our bibliometric data analysis could be of great assistance in promoting international collaboration and developing effective solutions.

The Technopolitics of Hydrogen: Arab Gulf States’ Pursuit of Significance in a Climate-Constrained World

Despite uncertainties surrounding the hydrogen economy’s emergence in terms of technological innovation, production, storage and transport, policy and regulation, economic viability, and environmental impact, countries worldwide actively pursue initiatives to engage in this critical energy transition. Politicians, analysts, and global experts see ‘clean’ hydrogen as the ultimate solution for addressing the climate crisis. This optimism is shared by several major oil and gas-exporting nations, which are investing heavily in hydrogen infrastructure to establish themselves as future global hubs. Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are especially well-positioned, benefiting from strategic advantages over other hydrogen-producing regions in the Global South. Advocates in these countries view hydrogen as a potential ‘silver bullet’ for sustaining political and economic influence in a world increasingly shaped by climate constraints. Western technology and expertise play a significant role in supporting these efforts. By using various qualitative methods, this paper employs and expand the concept of technopolitics to evaluate the role of industrialized nations in endorsing the Gulf states’ authoritarian, top-down, techno-optimistic approach to their sustainability agenda.

Economic and healthcare influences on circulatory diseases in Kazakhstan: a retrospective ecological study

BackgroundHealth is a key driver of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study examined the relationships between economic indicators, demographic metrics, and health system factors and morbidity due to non-communicable diseases, such as diseases of the circulatory system, in Kazakhstan.MethodsThis retrospective ecological study utilized regionally aggregated data from 2010 to 2020 for all 14 regions in Kazakhstan. Data on incidence rates of diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) and socioeconomic, demographic, and healthcare variables were sourced from the Bureau of National Statistics and the Ministry of Health. Variables included gross regional product per capita, population density, living wage, unemployment rates, average monthly salary, Gini coefficient, income below subsistence level, housing space per capita, average monthly wage in healthcare, doctor and nurse densities per 10,000 population, and number of hospital beds. A correlation analysis was performed followed by stepwise regression to identify significant predictors.ResultsThe analysis identified that higher living wages (β = 0.7), population density (β = 0.275), nurse density (β = 0.212), and average monthly salary (β = 0.502) were positively associated with higher DCS incidence rates. Conversely, gross regional product per capita (β = -0.68), housing space per capita (β = -0.441), and income below the subsistence level (β = -0.161) were negatively associated with DCS incidence. The model explained approximately 63.7% of variance in DCS incidence.ConclusionsSocioeconomic and healthcare factors significantly influence the incidence of circulatory diseases in Kazakhstan. Policies aimed at improving economic conditions such as increasing living wages and reducing unemployment may help lower DCS morbidity. Additionally, equitable distribution of healthcare resources like nurses could enhance early detection and management of circulatory diseases, contributing to better public health outcomes in a middle-income country setting.

Beyond Economics and Culture: A Demographic Perspective on Contraceptive Theory

AbstractTheories of contraception and fertility are currently dominated by economic and cultural arguments. A demographic perspective can usefully expand these theories through “addition,” “explication,” and “reconciliation.” The addition is about drawing attention to salient demographic forces that have previously been underconsidered whether these forces operate at the macro, meso, or microlevels. Explication is about adding explanatory flesh to proximate economic or cultural influences, which can themselves result from more fundamental demographic changes. Finally, reconciliation is about moving beyond an “economy ‐OR‐ culture” binary to seek complementarities and synergies. Decomposition methods inspired by a demographic perspective help such reconciliation. They offer handy empirical tools for assessing how economic, cultural, and demographic forces jointly shape changes in national rates of contraception, and how their contributions may change over time. Thus, demographic perspectives are not offered as a substitute but as an avenue to integrate cultural, economic, and demographic perspectives and to foster richer contextual analysis.

Food environments in the Pacific Region and efforts to improve them: A scoping review.

To understand the characteristics of food environments in the Pacific region, and the broader economic, policy, and sociocultural surroundings that influence food choices and interventions to improve food environments for Pacific communities. Systematic searches were conducted for articles related to food environments or factors influencing food choices from 1993-2024 in five academic databases, Google, Google Scholar, and relevant organizations' websites. Studies were included if they meet the eligibility criteria. Two authors independently reviewed the title and abstract of identified articles. Full-text screening was conducted before data was extracted from eligible studies. A narrative analysis was informed by an existing food environments framework. Pacific Island countries or territories that are a member of the Pacific Community (SPC). Not Applicable. From the 66 included studies (of 2520 records screened), it was clear that food environments in the Pacific region are characterized by high availability and promotion of ultra-processed unhealthy foods. These foods were reported to be cheaper than healthier alternatives and have poor nutritional labelling. Food trade and investment, together with sociocultural and political factors, were found to contribute to unhealthy food choices. Policy interventions have been implemented to address food environments; however, the development and implementation of food environment policies could be strengthened through stronger leadership, effective multisectoral collaboration and clear lines of responsibility. Interventions focused on improving physical, economic, policy, and sociocultural influences on food choices should be prioritized in the Pacific region to improve the food environment and mitigate barriers to healthy eating.

Analysis of the Readiness for Digitalization of Cashless Payment Systems in Msmes in South Kuta Subdistrict, Badung District, Bali Province

The development of the digitalization process and the use of technology in the elements of economic influences the payment system in society. One of the main aspect in the transaction process is the payment system used. This research aims to first analyze digitalization readiness cashless payment system for MSMEs in South Kuta, secondly to analyze the simultaneous and partial influence of the owner's skills MSMEs, digital access and digital ecosystems. This research uses a quantitative approach in associative form. The data used in this research is primary data using purposive sampling techniques collection obtained from MSMEs owners in South Kuta, 98 people. The analysis technique used is analysis binary logistic regression. The research results show the readiness of MSMEs owners in South Kuta as seen from the skill variable of MSMEs owners, digital access, and digital ecosystems have differences with research previously. Simultaneously the skills of MSMEs owners, digital access, and the digital ecosystem has a significant influence on the readiness of the digitalization system non-cash payments (cashless) for MSMEs in South Kuta. By the partial variables digital access and digital ecosystem have a significant positive effect while the skills of MSMEs owners do not have a significant effect on readiness to digitize the non-cash (cashless) payment system for MSMEs in South Kuta. Based on research results, to increase readiness MSMEs are advised to ensure that digital access is provided properly and constructively stable digital ecosystem, and the government is expected to consider regulations discounts or transaction rates that apply to MSMEs.