Economic Importance Of Tourism Research Articles

From overtourism to no-tourism – costs and benefits of extreme volume of tourism traffic as perceived by inhabitants of two Polish destinations

Overtourism might be one of the most characteristic trends and phenomena of tourism in the 2010s. However, after a rapid transformation caused by overtourism, an even faster and more unexpected change appeared in 2020: due to the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism temporarily disappeared from cities and other destinations worldwide. These two opposite and extreme phenomena were so close in time that they can be compared and their perception by different tourism stakeholders can be analyzed. Host communities were often major victims of overtourism, which led to the development of anti-tourism attitudes in many destinations. However, many inhabitants were also severely affected by the recent decline in tourism, as plenty of them depended economically on tourist arrivals and tourism revenues. This research is conducted for two of the most important destinations in Poland: Kraków and Białka Tatrzańska. The study aims to compare how the transformations to and from overtourism are perceived by inhabitants of these two typical and important tourism destinations. The results show that the impact of tourism was not perceived as crucial by the residents of either destination and that this remains true for both overtourism and no-tourism. However, the economic importance of tourism was strongly emphasized. Additionally, the indicated impact of tourism on their lives and their destination was much stronger for the residents of Białka Tatrzańska than those of Kraków.

Strategies for the sustainable development of tourism through the design of tourist facilities (example of the Algerian coast)

The development of sustainable tourism has become a growing trend in multi-level projects in developing countries aimed at supporting the economy and preserving the ecosystem. Despite the fact that Algeria is considered one of the richest and most diverse countries in Africa, the development of tourism on its 1200 km coastline faces many problems and difficulties. One of these obstacles is the lack of a comprehensive strategy that guarantees the development of the tourism sector. In recent years, the economic importance of tourism has grown significantly. However, the tourism industry without a properly planned strategy, as in the case of Algeria, cannot provide the expected economic growth. The purpose of this article is a theoretical review of various strategies for sustainable development through the development of various tourist facilities on the Algerian coast, as well as an assessment of the selected strategies for the development of tourism in Algeria in terms of urban infrastructure, ecosystems, the growth of the number and quality of architectural structures. Methodologically, this study analyzes various strategies of sustainable tourism development applied in the world. The study examines tourism development strategies and the role of designing various types of tourist facilities and resorts for the development of this industry in the coastal areas of Algeria, taking into account the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity.

A divisão de turismo e divertimentos públicos do departamento de cultura da cidade de São Paulo


 
 
 
 A relevância econômica da atividade turística constitui importante fator na tomada de decisão de fomentá-la em muitos municípios brasileiros, inclusive da Prefeitura da cidade de São Paulo nos anos de 1930. Para tanto, uma repartição destinada a gerir essa atividade foi estabelecida no âmbito do Departamento de Cultura (DC) e constitui o foco do artigo, que tem por objetivo compreender a importância do turismo na política cultural municipal, caracterizar as atribuições e analisar as atividades desenvolvidas pela Divisão de Turismo e Divertimentos Públicos. Definida como uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo, adota a análise de conteúdo para perscrutar as fontes de natureza diversa, compostas por jornais, legislação, processos administrativos etc. A influência da gestão pública do Distrito Federal no planejamento e, consequentemente, na construção da narrativa da cidade de São Paulo como destino turístico nos anos de 1930 constitui a principal contribuição do estudo, em um período de ausência de diretriz federal para o setor. Os investimentos públicos no carnaval e a relutância na aprovação das propostas emanadas da Divisão de Turismo e Divertimentos Públicos (DTDP) encaminham à conclusão de que as diretrizes dos investimentos municipais para a configuração da cidade como um destino turístico eram definidas em instância superior ao DC e não integravam sua política cultural; ainda assim, a repartição conquistou representatividade externa para tratar os assuntos relativos ao turismo na cidade e foi mobilizada para apoiar a organização dos eventos públicos promovidos pela municipalidade.
 
 
 

«РУССКІЙ МІР» НА БУДВАНСЬКІЙ РИВ’ЄРІ: ТУРИЗМ І ЗОВНІШНЬОПОЛІТИЧНИЙ ПРОЦЕС У ЧОРНОГОРІЇ

The article is devoted to the study of the role and place of tourism in the transformation of the foreign policy course of post-Yugoslavian Montenegro. The focus is on the impact of Russian tourism on key directions and foreign policy problems of the country. The work is based on the concept of transnationalism. Within this approach, global tourist flows are considered as a kind of transnational social space, in which the tourist is always an actor, performing various social actions related to interaction with the different environment. The publication reveals a historical retrospective of geopolitical presence of Russia in the Western Balkans. The cultural, investment and tourism components of Russia's influence on the social and political life of post-Yugoslavian Montenegro are highlighted. Principal indicators of tourism development in the country, the contribution of Russian tourism to the total volume of international tourist arrivals are investigated. Significant politicization of the tourist process in Montenegro is claimed. In mono-dependent on international tourism economy of Montenegro, tourism has influenced the politically-motivated rethinking of the traditions of relations with Serbia, Russia and the West. It has become a factor in the electoral struggle in the society and affected the transformation of Montenegro's geopolitical landmarks. The publication analyzes Russia's attempts to destabilize the country's political situation in the context of its accession to NATO. First of all, by exploiting Montenegro's dependence on Russian investment and tourist flows, the application of information warfare technologies. Culture and tourism are said to be an important component of the new concept of sovereignty, where demonstration of openness and a new European identity have underpinned Montenegro's geopolitical transformation – from the Balkans to the country that has come close to the EU. At the same time, Montenegro's example reflects the increasing political and economic importance of tourism in the world political processes and ensuring international political interaction.

Residents’ Opinions and Perceptions of Tourism Development in the Historic City of Toledo, Spain

Historic centers have become first-line tourist destinations. In order to achieve sustainable development, it is essential to get to know the opinions of the host community on the impact of tourism, the positives, as well as the negatives. This paper aims to understand the residents’ opinions and perceptions of destinations as the historic cities. This research looks into the residents’ opinions on the impact of tourism in the historic city of Toledo, Spain. The results of a quantitative survey among 442 residents in the city of Toledo are presented. The study is a revision of the literature and analysis and explanation of an empiric study’s results. Descriptive statistics have been used, as well as factor analysis and non-parametric tests to analyze data. The main results point out that residents have a positive vision of tourism development, rather than negative. The economic importance of tourism and its ability to create jobs stand out. However, they also think that the historic center is being turned into a museum for tourists. Analyzing their opinions according to certain demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, some major differences come up, such as that the inhabitants of residential areas have a more positive opinion than those who live in the historic center. Understanding the perspective of the residents can help the managers and planners of the tourism in the city to play down the potential negative impact of tourism and to achieve support from the host community in regards to tourism.

Los Mayas de Quintana Roo y la economía de la identidad

La importancia económica del turismo en numerosos países, su expansión hacia áreas antes alejadas de los procesos de acumulación y el uso que se hace de la diversidad étnica y cultural con fines de atracción turística, es un hecho insoslayable en el mundo globalizado contemporáneo. En este artículo se analiza el uso de la identidad maya por un grupo empresarial de gran poder económico. Tiene el propósito de problematizar en torno a la economía de la identidad entre los pueblos mayas en Quintana Roo, México, como uno de los ejemplos más acabados sobre el uso de las culturas indígenas por el capital turístico. Con ello se busca llamar la atención sobre la uso instrumental de la identidad étnica por parte de las empresas turísticas que forman parte de las grandes cadenas globales del ocio y del espectáculo.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ТА ПРАКТИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО ТУРИЗМУ ЯК ЦІЛІСНОЇ СИСТЕМИ

The aim of the work was to justify theoretical and methodological approaches and to develop practical recommendations on the formation and functioning of ecological tourism in Ukraine. The essence and economic importance of tourism, the theoretical foundations of this area and its classification, as well as the current state of this sphere in Ukraine are considered. Resent scientific research on ecotourism was analized. Its principles are described on certain grounds. Brought the fact that Ukraine is rich in natural tourist resources, which can be successfully used in the process of increasing greening of tourist activity. It has been found that having a strong tourism potential, Ukraine has an opportunity to realize it through state regulation in all its main directions, the main of which is its financial component and the provision of an innovative path of development. The main directions of ecologization tourism activities at the macro and micro levels were analyzed and the state of their development in Ukraine was considered. The performed analysis reflected practical recommendations on ways of formation and functioning of ecological tourism in Ukraine. A system of indicators for planning the development of ecological tourism and technology for the use of natural resources has been formed. The following analysis of organizational and economic plan which was made according to concrete practical recommendations, proved that opening a small business out of town would be a reasonable solution. The calculated indicators have made it clear that the investment costs in this sector do not exceed the income, which is favorable in this area of business. Accordingly, the investor receives all the necessary practical recommendations for investing specific investments. Special prospects for the development of eco-tourism are revealed. The importance of management in the process of becoming ecotourism was substantiated and the specifics of the manager's work as a professional in managing this area were considered. Recommendations on the application of the environmental management system of tourism business in Ukraine have been developed. It has been proven that planning in the early stages of tourism development can avoid many mistakes and prevent the destruction of environmental assets important to tourism.

Tourism Satellite Accounts of India, 2009–10

Tourism is an increasingly popular global activity and contributes significantly to the GDP and employment of an economy. However, its contribution to an economy is difficult to quantify as it does not fall in the system of national accounts (SNA) due to the demand-driven nature of activity. Where core national accounts cannot provide the required information, SNA suggests the development of satellite accounts within the framework, concepts and definitions of SNA highlighting the particular aspect of the economy, which in this case is tourism. Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) is the most comprehensive way to measure the economic importance of tourism in national economies. This article presents a summary of the study on India’s second TSA for 2009–10. It reveals that tourism’s direct share in India’s GDP is around 3.7 per cent and in employment is 4.4 per cent. Taking the indirect effects into account, these shares escalate to 6.8 and 10.2 per cent, respectively. JEL Classification: L830, C670, D570

Borders within. Tourism growth, migration and regional polarization in Baja California Sur (Mexico)

Tourism in Baja California Sur (BCS, in the Baja California Peninsula in Northern Mexico) can be understood as an example of the internationalization of the services sector and the integration of relatively isolated regions to the processes of the global market, particularly that of the United States. The success of the Los Cabos corridor (between San Jose del Cabo and Cabo San Lucas in the southernmost tip of BCS), as one of the most dynamic tourist spaces in Mexico, has been central to this trend in the state. Subscribing to a flexible understanding of borders (Brunnet‐Jailly 2005) that goes beyond geographical boundaries, this growth has implied a restructuring of intra and interregional interaction patterns not just in Los Cabos but in the whole state. International tourism has fostered internal borders in BCS, due to the enclave nature of tourism growth as expressed by increasing investment concentration, income inequality, and social exclusion. This article analyzes the effects and perspectives of a tourism growth that is tightly related to the US market, has changed demographic patterns locally, and has increased opportunities for BCS, even though the growth has also made BCS more vulnerable to negative external impacts, including environmental deterioration, intraregional economic disparities and social exclusion. The text is divided into three sections: the first addresses the economic importance of tourism internationally and for Mexico; the second part highlights the most recent patterns in the sector's performance in BCS, to which Los Cabos as the state's most important tourist destination is crucial; and the third reflects upon the relationship between growth and development as they are linked to tourism in the region. A call is made about the need to reconsider how to sustain growth while changing the development of negative tourism‐related patterns, a concern that government officials, private investors and the local community should share and act upon.

The economic importance of vacation homes from the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) perspective

PurposeThis paper aims to show how the effect of vacation home tourism can be quantified within the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA). TSA is a statistical standard recommended by international organizations such as UNWTO, Eurostat and OECD, that measures the economic importance of tourism in the same way as the system of national accounts.Design/methodology/approachThe research focuses on the analysis of a conceptual framework for the statistics of vacation home tourism as it is reflected in the international statistical standards 2008 International Recommendations on Tourism Statistics (IRTS) and Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework (TSA: RMF). In addition, the analysis is exemplified by some TSA country results referring to vacation homes/second homes. In these illustrative examples calculations are made in a simple manner to show that vacation homes are a component of the main TSA aggregates – internal tourism consumption and tourism value added.FindingsComputing the share of vacation homes reveals that the figures obtained vary from country to country, providing an index for the “level of economic importance of vacation homes”. However, the level of economic importance of vacation homes depends heavily on the measurements each country decides to include in their TSA in relation to vacation homes and consequently the international comparability of data could be affected.Research limitations/implicationsIt was possible to calculate the contribution made by vacation homes to TSA aggregates only in those countries where the figures relating to this aspect of the economy were published/disseminated.Originality/valueComputing the contribution of vacation homes to the main TSA aggregates produced quantitative results, showing that vacation homes do make a contribution to the tourism economy.

Achieving the millennium development goals: Issues and options for the Nigeria's tourism industry

The Millennium Development Coals (MDGs) are a potentially powerful tool for economic development. There is the growing awareness about the economic importance of tourism in Nigeria. Though the industry is fraught with certain challenges, which are seemingly insurmountable, it has a crucial role to play in helping Nigeria to achieve the 2015 anti‐poverty MDGs. This paper discusses some of the potential benefits of the tourism industry in Nigeria as well as an overview of the industry. Furthermore, it states the MDGs and its limitations. Furthermore it will discuss some of the problems that could impede the growth of the tourism sector. As Nigeria is becoming keenly aware of the substantial development potentials of tourism, this paper presents some recommendations to be considered in order to reap these potentials and facilitate the process of achieving the MDGs.

Understanding legislators and their perceptions of the tourism industry: The case of North Carolina, USA, 1990 and 2003

The tourism industry in North Carolina (USA) is recognized as an important contributor to the state's economy. Successful tourism requires cooperation between government, private, and non-profit agencies. In order to better understand legislators’ perceptions of tourism and enhance communication between legislators and tourism practitioners, this study reviews North Carolina legislators’ knowledge of and attitudes toward the tourism industry in both 1990 and 2003, then analyzes more deeply the 2003 group. The findings indicate that legislators report a more positive attitude toward the economic importance of tourism in 2003 than in 1990, but still have limited knowledge of the tourism industry. The study also analyzes the 2003 North Carolina legislators’ opinions regarding legislative support for tourism. In response to these findings, possible strategies are suggested to improve legislators’ knowledge base, image, and attitudes of tourism with the goal of achieving strengthened legislative support for tourism.

Strategic importance of tourism as a part of an integrated development strategy of countries and places

The first thematic workshop on «Strategic Importance of Tourism as a Part of an Integrated Development Strategy of Countries and Places» showed that strategic importance of tourism varies according to its economic weight and political actuality. In many countries the economic importance of tourism is relatively low and tourism goals are not high on the political agenda. Nevertheless, even in such countries, tourism can be important economic activity for some less developed places (regions).

Tourism multiplier effects on Singapore

This study re-estimates tourism multipliers for Singapore using data from the 1983 input-output tables. Multipliers which embody direct as well as indirect and induced effects of tourism expenditures on output, income, employment, and import leakages are generated and compared to multipliers produced in previous studies of Singapore and selected small island economies. The income multiplier of .94 generated in this study is comparable to those of Hawaii, Hong Kong, or the Indian Ocean Islands. A comparison of the results in this study with earlier studies of Singapore suggests that the economic importance of tourism has been increasing.

The economic importance of tourism and the arts in Merseyside

The economic importance of tourism and the arts in Merseyside

A search for missing answers to questions never asked reply to Kosters

Martinus Kosters’ rejoinder to my article, “Tourism and Political Science: A Case of Not so Benign Neglect” really leaves me without any excuse to reply. His appraisal is generous, certainly requiring no rebuttal on my part. His critique of my neglect of European tourism conditions is both accurate and well-argued. I am exercising my opportunity to reply, therefore, not to defend my article, but to continue the kind of dialogue which simply must take place if we are to develop research agenda for exploring the politics of tourism systematically. If Kosters is correct about the even more appalling state of neglect of tourism politics in Europe than in the United States, then the prospects for political research on tourism are more grim than I anticipated. Perhaps naively, I assumed that once the economic importance of tourism was fully appreciated, the political ramifications would be similarly recognized. However, Europe has long recognized the economic importance of tourism, and its several institutes of tourism and tourism journals testify to a longstanding interest in the subject. If the impact of tourism has failed to intrigue the political scientists of Europe, then simply the expansion of tourism within the United States or our growing dependence on international tourism to ameliorate our balance of payments deficit will scarcely suffice. It is easy to appreciate how discouraging it must be for individuals like Senator Daniel Inouye (USA), who spent a decade gently guiding the National Tourism Policy Act through Congress, to see the results of their labor. For years Inouye’s congressional committee heard testimony detailing the staggering importance of tourism to the society, to employment rates, to our tax revenue and balance of payments. One administration after another hardly yawned in reply. Finally in 198 1 President Reagan signed the first National Tourism Act commiting the nation to an attempt to coordinate tourism’s development in conjunction with other sometimes conflicting national policies. A new era? At last political recognition for the nation’s second largest retail industry? Scarcely. In hisnext two budget messages, the President’s recommendations proposed to gut funding for the new U.S Travel and Tourism Administration (USTTA). President Reagan is famous for cost-cutting of domestic programs, but cutting an agency designed to increase revenues, increase employment, and increase foreign trade is scarcely consistent with the President’s avowed desire to stimulate the economy. Moreover, as a busi-

The economic impact of tourism on the Arizona economy

The Bureau of Business and Economic Research recently completed a study of tourism in Arizona for the state’s Office of Tourism. The results of the project have been published in the bureau’s monograph, Tourism and Trauel in Arizona (Hogan and McPheters 198 11. Undertaken as a comprehensive update and extension of an earlier bureau analysis of the tourism industry in the state (Bond and Hora 19761, the investigation involved the collection of detailed information from mail surveys of out-of-state visitors and from a phone survey of instate travelers. Throughout the 1979-1980 fiscal year, 8,400 entering travel parties were interviewed at state highway entry points and provided mail-back questionnaires to obtain more detailed information. About 19% of the interviewed parties returned the completed questionnaires. At Phoenix and Tucson airports, 2.200 travel parties were interviewed and provided with questionnaires: 38% of the parties returned completed questionnaires to produce detailed data for the study. A total of 900 telephone interviews were conducted within Arizona to determine the instate travel patterns of the state’s residents. Information from these surveys was used to: (a) provide a profile of Arizona tourism in 1979-1980 and develop comparisons with the 1975. 1976 information; (b) estimate the volume of tourism traffic (that is, numbers of travel parties) in the state and local areas throughout Arizona; (cl develop a profile of convention travelers in Arizona and to estimate the economic impact of this growing segment of the travel industry: and (d) construct estimates of the economic importance of tourism to the state and local areas, including estimates of expenditures by category, employment, and public revenues resulting from tourism.