Economic Impact Of Immigration Research Articles

Businesses create more jobs in countries with higher share of immigrants because of skill complementarity

PurposePast and recent immigration flows have made societies increasingly more diverse, with important implications for the economy. This article investigates the empirical relationship between ethnic, and birthplace immigration diversity on job creation and entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachWe use multilevel modelling and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor adult population survey across 60 countries from 2001 to 2018.FindingsAs earlier literature, we find that people have a higher probability of becoming entrepreneurs in more ethnically diverse countries. Nonetheless, businesses located in more ethnically diverse countries hire fewer employees. Businesses, on the other hand, create more jobs in countries with a higher proportion of skilled and unskilled immigrants due to skill complementarity.Research originalityContrary to commonly held views, our findings suggest that ethnic and immigration diversity have opposing effects on entrepreneurship and provide important insights into the debate over the economic impact of immigration.

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION. NEWS AND PERSPECTIVES

This article introduces a new perspective regarrding the social, political, and economic impact of immigration against the backdrop of an increasingly high number of migrants. It also clarifies migration causes and context in terms of state security; its consequences and its influences on society, both in the origin country and at the destination. The current study illustrates state reactions vis-a-vis migration, various ways to manage such reactions, and their impact on the population.
 The context of any solutions to the migration crisis presupposes the existence of peaceful attitudes, and yet such a moment is difficult to anticipate in the Islamic world. Therefore, there are no certainties regarding the European population’s state of security in the present context.

Explaining Attitudes Towards Immigration: The Role of Economic Factors

In this article, we investigate the determinants of individuals’ opinions concerning the economic impact of immigrants. Unlike most previous studies, we use a large sample of 61 countries (Joint WVS/EVS 2017–2020 dataset) that are either net receivers or net emitters of migrants. Using a multilevel model, we test the effect of individuals’ characteristics and of several macroeconomic variables on the assessment of immigrants’ impact on development. We highlight that natives’ evaluation of the economic consequences of immigration is more influenced by age, trust, education, and income than by contextual variables such as growth, inflation, inequalities, income level, or number of immigrants in the country. Our results match with the hypothesis that immigrants are considered substitutes for low- and medium-skilled workers in capital-abundant countries. However, neither labour-market nor welfare-state considerations can be considered as the main drivers of the appraisals made about the economic impact of immigration. Our results tend to confirm the prediction that greater contact with immigrants reduces anti-immigrant opinions, in particular for skilled people. In contrast, immigrant inflows lead low- and medium-skilled people to make worse judgments concerning the economic consequences of immigration. All in all, our results validate the view that education comprises a major part of the cognitive assessment of the role played by immigrants in the economy, at least in high-income countries.

The Economic Impact of Immigration on Host Countries: The Case of Saudi Arabia

The Economic Impact of Immigration on Host Countries: The Case of Saudi Arabia

Does a change in immigration affect the unemployment rate in host countries? Evidence from Australia

ABSTRACT This study examines and evaluates the dynamic causality relationship between immigration, unemployment, wages and GDP per capita in host countries with a focus on Australia. Previous research has indicated that the economic impact of immigration is significant; nonetheless, its effect on the labour market being positive or negative is inconclusive. This study uses a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to examine the dynamic short- and long-run nexus between these variables in Australia over the period 1980–2016. The paper provides clear evidence to policy makers on the positive spillover effect of immigration policies developed by the Australian government.

Immigrant sentiment and labour market vulnerability: economic perceptions of immigration in dualized labour markets

Recent years have seen an increase in concerns that labour market vulnerability and national economic performance might be interacting to foment more polarized opinions about immigration. This article uses European Social Survey and EU-SILC data from 23 countries to explore this potential relationship, examining attitudes about the economic impact of immigration. In doing so, it seeks to investigate how the link between labour market vulnerability and anti-immigrant sentiment may be shaped by both resource scarcity (in the economy as a whole) and job scarcity (on the labour market). Findings from the analysis are twofold. First, labour market vulnerability is indeed correlated with more negative beliefs about the economic contribution of immigrants, even controlling for related factors such as education and contract type. Second, this effect is moderated by GDP per capita (though not unemployment rates), with labour market insiders and outsiders holding more distinct attitudes in higher GDP countries; thus, although attitudes towards the economic contribution of immigrants are generally more negative in poorer countries, labour market vulnerability contributes to greater opinion polarization in stronger economies. It is therefore resource availability in the economy, rather than on the labour market, that appears to be crucial.

The Economic Impact of Immigration on Domestic Employment in a Dual Economy: A New Sustainable Challenge

This paper examines the impact of immigration within an economy based on two sectors, facing administered wages. It is characterized by skilled and unskilled workers. It will be shown that immigration has no effects on skilled employment and negative consequences on employment of unskilled labor.

Do the folk actually hold folk-economic beliefs?

Boyer & Petersen (B&P) argue that folk-economic beliefs are widespread-shaped by evolved cognitive systems-and they offer exemplar beliefs to illustrate their thesis. In this commentary, we highlight evidence of substantial variation in one of these exemplars: beliefs about immigration. Contra claims by B&P, we argue that the balance of this evidence suggests the "folk" may actually hold positive beliefs about the economic impact of immigration.

The Wage Impact of theMarielitos: A Reappraisal

This article brings a new perspective to the analysis of the wage effects of the Mariel boatlift crisis, in which an estimated 125,000 Cuban refugees migrated to Florida between April and October, 1980. The author revisits the question of wage impacts from such a supply shock, drawing on the cumulative insights of research on the economic impact of immigration. That literature shows that the wage impact must be measured by carefully matching the skills of the immigrants with those of the incumbent workforce. Given that at least 60% of the Marielitos were high school dropouts, this article specifically examines the wage impact for this low-skill group. This analysis overturns the prior finding that the Mariel boatlift did not affect Miami’s wage structure. The wage of high school dropouts in Miami dropped dramatically, by 10 to 30%, suggesting an elasticity of wages with respect to the number of workers between −0.5 and −1.5.

Immigrants, Productivity, and Labor Markets

Immigration has been a steady force acting on population and employment within countries throughout human history. Focusing on the last four decades, we show that the mix of immigrants to rich countries has been, overall, rather balanced between college and non-college educated. The growth of immigration has been driven by immigrants from nonrich countries. The economic impact of immigration on receiving economies needs to be understood by analyzing the specific skills brought by immigrants. The complementarity and substitutability between immigrants and natives in employment, and the response of receiving economies in terms of specialization and technological choices, are important when considering the general equilibrium effects of immigration. In the United States, a balanced composition of immigrants between college and noncollege educated, together with the adjustment of demand and technology, imply that general equilibrium effects on relative and absolute wages have been small.

Workshop 2: The Integrated Data Infrastructure - Enabling Cross-Agency Research and Evaluation

tatistics New Zealand has created an Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) to make a wide range of data more accessible to users. The IDI contains longitudinal microdata about individuals, households, and firms. By bringing together many data from a number of sources, the IDI allows for longitudinal analysis across education, employment, migration, welfare, and business, with potential for further datasets to be added and linked. The IDI will help us to meet user demands for more or new information and to respond more efficiently to changes in existing data sources. It also represents an exciting opportunity to reuse and add value to existing administrative data. The Enabling cross-agency research and evaluation workshop provided an overview of the IDI, including examples of research and evaluation currently being conducted, and a demonstration of the reach and versatility of the dataset. There were five separate presentations: Building and using the IDI – Guido Stark, Kyle Uerata, and Brendan Mai, Statistics NZ Swimming in the IDI – Che Tibby, Statistics NZ Determining the outcomes of tertiary education: The contribution of the IDI – Zaneta Park, Ministry of Education Migrant outcomes and the economic impact of immigration – Paul Merwood, Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment Using the integrated data – Sarah Crichton, Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment Building and using the IDI

The Economic Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market of Host Countries - Meta-Analytic Evidence

The number of immigrants across the world has doubled since 1980. The estimates of the impact of immigration on wages and employment in host countries are quantitatively small but vary widely. We use meta-regression analysis to show how the estimates vary with definitions of the labor market, the extent of substitutability of foreign and native workers, and controls for endogeneity of immigrant settlement. On average, the impact on employment of the native born is smaller than on wages, and impacts are generally smaller in the U.S. than in other countries studied to date. From the policy perspective, attention must now focus on distributional and long-run productivity effects.

Economic Impacts of Immigration: A Survey

This paper surveys recent empirical studies on the economic impacts of immigration. The survey first examines the magnitude of immigration as an economic phenomenon in various host countries. The second part deals with the assimilation of immigrant workers into host-country labor markets and concomitant effects for natives. The paper then turns to immigration's impact for the public finances of host countries. The final section considers emerging topics in the study of immigration. The survey particularly emphasizes the recent experiences of Northern Europe and Scandinavia and relevant lessons from traditional destination countries like the US.

Beliefs About the Economic Impact of Immigration

The public's beliefs about the economic impact of immigration on host nations' economies is significantly more negative than both the beliefs of economists, and what much of the empirical evidence would suggest. In an attempt to explain this disparity, and the wide range of beliefs about what should largely be a matter of fact, I develop a simple model of belief formation based on the concept of motivated reasoning: when coming to a conclusion people are influenced by the desire to come to a particular conclusion (a directional goal'') and by the desire for their conclusion to be justified by evidence (an accuracy goal''). This gives agents an incentive to manipulate their beliefs. The model yields several testable hypotheses: positive beliefs about the economic impact of immigrants should be negatively associated with a preference for living in an ethnically homogeneous society; the effect of education depends crucially on the aforementioned preference; finally, beliefs should reflect the probability of receiving supporting evidence. An empirical analysis using the European Social Survey 2002/2003 data finds support for all three hypotheses.

The economic impact of immigration in Greece: taking stock of the existing evidence

Since the early 1990s, Greece has been a popular immigrant destination; nowadays, around one‐tenth of the population are immigrants – mainly from neighbouring Balkan countries, especially Albania. This large‐scale immigration within a short time‐period has had important social, as well as, economic consequences. The paper reviews the existing evidence and concludes that on average the economic effects of immigration were beneficial, although their distributional consequences were adverse. The main positive effects are associated with the increase in the GDP growth rate; revitalization of the agricultural sector and many small and medium enterprises; the dampening of inflationary pressures; and the short‐term positive impact of immigration on the social security system. On the negative side, immigrants have helped to expand the already large informal economy, and although on aggregate their skills seem to complement those of native workers, they have tended to substitute for Greek unskilled and semi‐skilled workers. This has excerbated income inequality, as well as increasing unemployment and slowing wage growth for those with low skills. Greek immigration policy has been haphazard, and measures are required to integrate the immigrants into the economic and social fabric of the country.

The Economic Impact of Immigration in Greece: Taking Stock of the Existing Evidence

Greece was traditionally an emigration country. However, since the early 1990s it became an immigrant destination and nowadays up to a tenth of the population are immigrants, mainly from neighbouring Balkan countries and, especially, Albania. This large scale immigration within a short time period had important social, as well as, economic consequences. The paper reviews the existing evidence and concludes that on average the economic effects of immigration were beneficial, although their distributional consequences were adverse. Greek immigration policy was haphazard and more efforts are needed in order to integrate the immigrants in the economic and social fabric of the country.

The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration.

This report was prepared by the National Research Councils Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration and concerns the economic demographic and fiscal effects of immigration to the United States. Three key questions are explored: What is the influence of immigration on the overall economy especially national and regional labor markets? What are the overall effects of immigration on federal state and local government budgets? [and] What effects will immigration have on the future size and makeup of the nations population over the next 50 years? The study examines what immigrants gain by coming to the United States and what they contribute to the country the skills of immigrants and those of native-born Americans the experiences of immigrant women and other groups and much more. It offers examples of how to measure the impact of immigration on government revenues and expenditures--estimating one years fiscal impact in California New Jersey and the United States and projecting the long-run fiscal effects on government revenues and expenditures. Also included is background information on immigration policies and practices and data on where immigrants come from what they do in America and how they will change the nations social fabric in the decades to come. (EXCERPT)

The Economic Impact of Immigration into the United States

The Economic Impact of Immigration into the United States

Economic Impacts of Immigration: The Brazilian Immigration Problem

Economic Impacts of Immigration: The Brazilian Immigration Problem

F. Bastos De Avila. Economic Impacts of Immigration. — The Brazilian Immigration Problem.. Publications of the Research Group for European Migration Problems, ix. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1954, 98 pp. 6,75 fl.

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