Economic Growth In Urban Areas Research Articles

Universities and Cities: The Impact of Higher Education on Urban Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Growth

Abstract While universities play a pivotal role in fostering the growth and progress of their surrounding cities, the extent of this influence remains underexplored and warrants deeper empirical investigation. Through a comprehensive literature review, we identify three main mechanisms that describe the developmental impact: urban innovation, urban entrepreneurship, and economic growth. Using panel data from 239 Chinese cities spanning 2004 to 2016, we show that the positive externalities from universities are region-specific. The development of universities not only stimulates urban innovation and entrepreneurship but also promotes economic growth in urban areas, shaping the overall influence of cities. Additionally, the positive externalities generated by high-quality and large-scale universities on local development are significant.

The Poverty Reduction Effect of Economic Growth: How Does Chinas Economic Growth Impact the Population Size of the Urban Livings of Minimum Living Allowance?

Poverty reduction is often seen as an easy solution to achieve economic growth. It is related to economic growth, as it reflects the improvement of the minimum standard of living and the rapid reduction of the impoverished population. In order to evaluate the effect of poverty reduction on China's economic growth in urban areas, this paper uses the proportion of urban subsistence allowances in the urban population and economic growth in each urban area as research variables. It presents the effect of poverty reduction in urban areas and regional differences. The study concludes that economic growth, income distribution, and education level have significantly reduced the proportion of the impoverished population. Looking at different time periods, the effect of poverty reduction after 2012 is more effective than before 2012, possibly because the government pays more attention to poverty reduction. From a regional perspective, the economic growth in the eastern region has a more significant impact on poverty reduction than any other region, which may be consistent with the different policy applications in each region.

Using Large-Scale Truck Trajectory Data to Explore the Location of Sustainable Urban Logistics Centres—The Case of Wuhan

Urban logistics is important to a city’s sustainable growth and development. With the increase in population and the economic growth in urban areas, the issue of congestion and the negative influence of transport of goods on people and the environment is one of the most important factors in the development of urban logistics. By determining the optimal location of urban logistics centres, total transport costs of logistics, the flow of goods in urban areas and the greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced. However, the traditional methods are easily influenced by the ambiguity of objective data, which makes it difficult to accurately describe the logistics demand in the urban area. To address this issue, the improved location–allocation model for urban logistics centres based on truck trajectory data is proposed. After extracting the origin–destination points, the logistics service demand can be estimated by the DBSCAN (density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise) clustering method. Then, the location–allocation of logistics centres is determined by an improved P-median method with the supply capacity limitation for simultaneous delivery of goods in the logistics centres. To validate the model, taking Wuhan, a central logistics city in China, as an example, the model can effectively ensure the equitable distribution of logistics facilities, minimize freight expenses, achieve more uniformity in logistics center services, and foster sustainable development of the city’s logistics sector.

Not a silver bullet: social perspectives on desalination and water reuse in Texas

ABSTRACT Climate disruptions threaten water systems and undermine economic growth in urban areas. Stakeholder perspectives for desalination and water reuse are not well known in Texas (USA) although utilities are implementing these water augmentation technologies for municipal and industrial purposes. We use a water portfolio-informed deployment of Q-methodology to identify three social perspectives: Diversification is Key, Conservation Before Desalination, and Private Sector Can Do It. We expected to find strongly supportive and opposed social perspectives, but found nuanced and contingent support for desalination and water reuse. Social perspectives were aware of the financial and political costs of desalination and reuse and did not want desalination and water reuse to reduce the importance of protecting currently sources of potable water in Texas. Cross-cutting themes include the predominance of desalination as the policy-relevant water supply alternative and concerns for human capital at levels ranging from desalination plant operators to legal experts.

Pemetaan Industri Kreatif Dalam Meningktakan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Pada Kawasan Urban di Kota Palembang

This study aims to analyze the mapping of potential, creative economy potential, review of the contribution of the creative industry, namely according to the value of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), based on Employment, and according to Company activities and increase economic growth in urban areas in Palembang. Based on the value of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), according to Employment, as well as based on Company activities and increasing economic growth of urban areas in Palembang. The research method used in this study means: Desk research sourced from the agency based on the value of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), based on employment, and based on activity. The company also increases the economic growth of urban areas in or related departments, namely the industrial department of Palembang City and literature on the creative industry using studies that are in accordance with the value of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), based on employment, as well as according to the Company's activities and increasing economic growth in urban areas. And a short survey to the creative industry was selected to receive primary data as an evidentiary activity supported by a structured survey tool. The mapping method used is the social mapping method.

Reclassification of Urban Growth in Rural Area, Temanggung Regency, Indonesia

Reclassification is part of urban growth together with the natural growth of birth and death, and migration from rural to urban areas. However, the reclassification has a deficiency in studies due to the urban growth discourses have much focused on the central force of existing urbanized areas. Historical data shows that the economic growth in urban areas is more due to a residual increase from migration growth and reclassification rather than natural growth. This paper contributes to the empirical context of the phenomenon of reclassification of urban growth and its following spatial changes in the rural area of Temanggung regency, Indonesia. The study utilizes the comparison analysis by examining the growth of industrial employment as an urban activity in rural areas, as well as looking at this relationship with changes in the physical built-up area as an indication of the urbanization process. This study found that the reclassification in Temanggung regency has encouraged urbanization in rural areas, through the development of industrial activities based on local resources and labor and promoted economic growth in rural areas. The reclassification that occurs is mostly due to the wood products manufacturing business that has been supported by the potential resources, and local workforce, rather than the active role of the government institution.

Empowerment of Karang Taruna as an Effort to Sustainability of Rural Economic Growth in Madura Island

Rural economic growth is a crucial matter to be concerned because most of the Indonesian population lives in rural areas. On the other hand, rural economic growth so far is still far behind with economic growth in urban areas. This lag needs to find a solution in order to provide a multiplier effect on the sustainability of development, such as reducing urbanization flows, equal distribution of urban and rural population income, etc. One solution that can be pursued is by empowering youth organizations (Karang Taruna) as an effort for economic sustainability in the countryside. However, the empowerment of these Karang Taruna is faced with a bitter reality, namely the problem of unemployment. Nationally, in 2016 according to BPS records the open unemployment rate reached 5.50 percent. However, there was a decline in 2017 to 5.33%. Madura Island, especially Bangkalan and Sampang Regencies have the same problem. This phenomenon of high unemployment in productive age is certainly a separate social problem in society. On the other hand today the existence of Karang Taruna as a youth organization that actually serves to help solve the problem of unemployment, especially among young people (productive) still tends to be barren. On this basis, this study aims to find a solution to overcome unemployment among young people through youth empowerment. This study uses a qualitative research design with depth interviews with selected respondents to obtain the required data. The results obtained from this study are the need for organizational management as a concrete step to address the challenges of the problem of youth organization in addition to the need to grow and develop professional cadets of youth organizations.

Reconnecting Jakarta : A Catalytic Public Space

Urbanization has been a major global issue, especially in the 21 st century. This rapid urbanization drives a massive amount of population movements to urban areas and its peripheries, and drastically increased urban density. Although it rises several values and strengthened local economic power, urbanization causes degradation on the spatial discourse. Most urban spaces nowadays are formed by economic-driven factors, and leaving the importance of social relations behind. Urbanization and economic growth in urban areas -- especially in nation’s capital like Jakarta -- resulting a high gap or inequality. The existence of kampong and the modern city reflects the spatial segregation and socio-economic disparities. This leads to social exclusion, where the urban poor are marginalized and alienated from their neighborhood. While the physical separation is inevitably seen, low intensity on social interaction is one of other form of restrictions. The proposed object is a mix function between an outdoor public space and community center, to create a social space that could triggers interaction between social classes and increases social relations. Using urban catalyst studies, this project tries to produce an activity generator. So that the economic-driven urban spaces are not seen as a boundary, but could functions as a social catalyst.

Early childhood education quality and child outcomes in China: Evidence from Zhejiang Province

Despite high rates of Chinese kindergarteners (3–6 years old) enrollment in early care and education (ECE), the quality of that care has not been widely examined. Following rapid economic growth in urban areas in the past three decades, there are growing concerns within China that families in urban and rural areas are experiencing an ECE opportunity gap. To address this concern, this study examined ECE quality and its association with child outcomes based on a relatively large sample of kindergartens in China. Using a stratified and random sampling method, the study recruited 1, 012 children (age 3–6) from 178 classrooms in Zhejiang Province, a relatively developed region with a population of over 54 million people. We used the Chinese Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale to measure ECE quality and found moderately low quality for the study sample. Also, lower quality was observed in rural than urban areas, in private than public programs, and in programs with overall low parent education than those with high parent education. One dimension of quality, teaching and interactions, predicted child outcomes in language, early math, and social cognition as measured by the Children's Developmental Scale of China (age 3–6) in hierarchical linear models. The possible sociocultural and contextual reasons for these findings and implications for policymakers and practitioners are discussed in this paper.

Model of Sustainable Wellbeing on Decent House Study Case of Bekasi City, West Java, Indonesia

The core goal of the SDGs is to achieve public welfare through holistic approaches and processes (UN, 2012). One of the objectives of SDGs is cities and human settlements inclusive safe, resilient and sustainable. The ability of individuals and government in providing a decent housing could be considered as an important factor for sustainable housing environment. On the other hand, economic growth in urban areas could lead to the urbanization in urban area and migration in the hinterland area to find a shelter location. It maytrigger the improper land utilizations.Urbanization puts a pressure on limited land resources, and, in turn, may have a negative impact on well-being sustainability. House quality could form the housing profile. The adequate housing profile reflects a quality of life, and quality of life itself reflects the well-being as well. This study proposes an estimated model of sustainability to find the housing sustainable indices to the built environment which can be used as one of measurements for a household welfare.This study was conducted in Bekasi City of Indonesia as an emerging urban development in the hinterland area of Jakarta Metropolitan. This research methods combined sampling techniques of stratified and cluster treatments. From the research methods and spatial analysis, the model to measure the well-being referring to the built environment was obtained. The result shows that the sustainable housing environment quality is the core aspect of well-being. However, it is triggered by human quality.

Urban growth and water

We adapt the neoclassical growth model to examine the problem of water provision in an urban economy. Our model delivers testable hypotheses regarding the effect of a change in public provision of water, population growth, and total water availability on per capita economic growth. Increases in population growth and public water supply enhance per capita economic growth, but an increase in water availability lowers per capita economic growth along the trajectory towards the steady state. The results of the economic model are tested empirically by using a panel data set of urban counties in the U.S. We find that Ceteris paribus higher water use and population growth are associated with greater per capita economic growth in urban areas, but urban areas with higher total water availability are not experiencing lower per capita economic growth, as the model predicts.

Financial repression in China's agricultural economy

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether or not financial repression exists in the saving and investment activities of farm households in rural areas of China.Design/methodology/approachThis paper empirically investigates repression in rural China using the McKinnon‐Shaw model and microeconomic data combined with lending and savings rates and ceilings by rural credit cooperatives.FindingsThe paper finds only limited evidence of a repression dominated by savings, while investment response appears to be, at least on average, normal or unrepressed. More specifically, the paper finds that the relationship between growth and investment is consistent with an unrepressed economy but savings do show evidence of repression.Originality/valueThe political focus of economic reformation in China has been one of rapid economic growth in urban areas and a neglect of the agriculture sector. This focus on urban growth has led some Chinese scholars to speculate that the residual impact is a repressed agricultural and rural economy, at least in the context of McKinnon and Shaw framework. However, such speculations have not previously been verified. This paper presents the first attempt to determine the relationships exclusively in the context of the agricultural economy.

The challenge of economic regulation of water and sanitation in urban India

India has a high population, low-income economy with increasingly dynamic economic growth in urban areas. However, there is a growing realisation that ‘state-of-the-art’ call centres and software development companies should not co-exist with poorly serviced slums at their entrances. Urban services such as power and telecommunications are in various stages of institutional reform through private sector involvement and the development of economic regulation. The water and sewerage sector seems to be most reluctant to join the reform process as numerous attempts at privatisation have failed and economic regulation has yet to be introduced. Through comparisons with the electricity sector, this study considers how economic regulation might challenge the public providers of water in Jaipur, Rajasthan and possible effects on the needs for water and sanitation of the poorest.

Transient Crowding and Crime:

Abstract. The effects on crime rates of the intrusion of large numbers of strangers into an area are investigated. The sensitivity of six different crime types (murder, rape, assault, robbery, burglary, and larceny) to density of strangers is estimated using a standard model of criminal behavior. The variables which reflect this density are measures of tourists, college students, shoppers from other areas, opportunities to consume alcohol, and the presence of interstate highway exits. The results suggest that an increase in the number of strangers into an area has a positive effect on the crimes of burglary, larceny, and robbery, but very little effect on assault, murder and rape. A significant finding is that “wet” counties have a higher incidence of each crime type than do “dry” counties. From a policy standpoint, officials who support economic growth in urban areas should keep in mind that an increase in the opportunity for illegal activity accompanies such growth and plan accordingly.