Assessment Of Economic Efficiency Research Articles

Związki wolności ekonomicznej i rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego w Unii Europejskiej w latach 2007-2013

This paper analyses the counter-crisis policy by means of examining crucial measures of socio-economic development, such as GDP per capita, sovereign debt, budget deficit, the share of public income and expenditure in GDP, unemployment rate, the percentage of people at risk of poverty, etc. The analysis concerns EU member states in 2007–2014 and concentrates on the division of states in terms of economic freedom which facilitates the assessment of economic efficiency in terms of the involvement of state in economy.

IMPROVEMENT OF SYSTEM OF PRICING ON ELECTRONIC SCRAP AT THE ENTERPRISE OF SECONDARY METALLURGY OF PRECIOUS METALS

For the enterprise of secondary metallurgy of the precious metals, not dominating in the market, the strategy of the pricing which is based on introduction of the technological scheme of complex differentiated extraction of valuable components from electronic scrap is offered. The assessment of economic efficiency of the scheme is given. Tendencies of change of economic indicators of the enterprise are analysed at increase in purchase prices and increase in volumes of processing of certain structures of scrap. It is established that introduction of offered technology and application of strategy of increase in purchase prices of raw materials as specific strategy for acquisition of necessary resources will give the chance to attract additional number of suppliers, to increase the volume of processing and will allow to increase economic efficiency of economic activity of the enterprise of secondary metallurgy. It is shown that definition by the enterprise of the strategy in the oligopolistichesky market is possible with use of game models of not cooperative behavior. The conflict situation in the market of purchase of electronic scrap is considered as game on scrap purchase by the enterprises of secondary metallurgy. Optimum strategy of interaction of competitors are as the solution of a problem of linear programming. Offered rules of game models of not cooperative interaction and the competition represent the principles of realization of strategy of pricing on the basis of which implementation of long-term plans of the enterprise for improvement of an economic condition is possible.

Assessment of Efficiency of Expenditure Programmes in Education: Primary Education in the Czech Republic

Abstract Public expenditure programmes are long-term instruments through which the government attempts to achieve the determined objectives of its public policies. In order to make from an economic perspective informed decisions on public policy objectives and to update them, it is necessary to qualitatively or quantitatively assess (evaluate) whether and how efficiently the objectives are being met. Towards this end there is adopted an economic assessment of efficiency of public expenditures. The paper presents a possible approach towards simplified assessment of the expenditure programme for primary education in the Czech Republic (assessment of economy, effectiveness and efficiency). The results of selected indicators show that in the long-term perspective, efficiency of this expenditure programme rather increases.

The Republic of Tatartsan Petrochemical Complex Value Chain Structure Analysis

The aim of this article is to study a redistributive process within a cluster, and the structural analysis of expenses which resulted development of a new model of finished products expenses structure analysis, and the studies of pricing by the main technological conversions on the example of petrochemical complex of the Republic of Tatarstan. It gives an economic assessment of efficiency of a petrochemical complex of the Republic of Tatarstan and quantitative calculation of reserves and the limits of products' cost reduction, as well as it reveals a financial stock of durability of a competitive position of a cluster in the region, that is expenses growth potential of the complex which won't cause critical loss of competitive edge. The offered technique promptly and visually analyzes the final product pricing in terms of conversions, and prime cost and profit elements.

Экономическая оценка потенциала при формировании кластерно-логистической структуры туристско-рекреационной системы

The authors of the article substantiate the necessity of developing a methodological base for an economic appraisal of a tourist and recreation system, natural-resource-management-driven methods for creating a cluster and logistic structure. The authors also emphasize the importance of a natural resources inventory for the practices of natural resource rent, ecological certification, a tourist service consumer classification, and a classification of coordinating controlling systems. The current
 practices of territorial municipal and federal administration determine the economic risks of investing into a complex programme of the tourist sector economic development and the economic effectiveness, as well as the lines, of ecological monitoring. 
 Efficient territorial administration in the course of tourist cluster creation is seen by the authors as impossible without a development of a scientifically valid methodology for economic efficiency assessment of the potential unlocked by an integrated/multipurpose utilization of territorialrecreational systems of federal and municipal taxonomies. A major line of research is an ROI study of investing into complex environmental action programmes.
 According to the methodology considered in the article, tourist potential can be evaluated against such criteria as the resource validity for a recreational activity (technological evaluation), the degree of comfort, functioning, and creation of a natural-resource-management-driven cluster-logistic structure in urbanized areas (physiological evaluation), the degree of visual appeal (aesthetical evaluation), the uniqueness and quality of a resource (value assessment), the potential of a resource
 to generate tourist traffic (self-sufficiency evaluation), and capacity evaluation of the complexity of tourist resources, especially of their transport infrastructure.

Economic Risk and Efficiency Assessment of Fisheries in Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE): A Stochastic Approach

The fishing industry in Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE), plays an important role in diversifying food sources in order to enhance national food security. The fishing industry is facing an increasing risk that may impact the sustainability (i.e., quantity and quality) of the fish caught and consumed in the UAE. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze common Abu-Dhabi fishing management alternatives using various stochastic dominance techniques (i.e., first/second degree stochastic dominance, stochastic dominance with respect to a function and stochastic efficiency with respect to a function) to assess the risk facing UAE fishermen. The techniques represent a risk assessment continuum, which can provide a ranking of management alternatives to improve decision making outcomes and help maintain long-term UAE fishing sustainability. Data for the stochastic dominance analyses were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted through face-to-face interviews of Abu Dhabi, UAE, fishermen. Analysis of fishing methods, trap sizes and trap numbers using stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) showed that fishermen efficient practices were not the same for risk-neutral fishermen compared to risk averse fishermen. Overall, the stochastic dominance results illustrated the importance of considering both attitude towards risk and economic inefficiencies in managing UAE fishery practices and designing successful fishery policies, as well as improving decision-making at the fishermen level.

Methodology of Factoring's Implementation in Leasing's Scheme

The article substantiates the necessity of modern financial instruments' implementation under the financing of the leasing of film equipment. The methodological structure of this process' economic assessment under the factoring's implementation in the leasing scheme is shown. Schematic models and economic efficiency's assessment of factoring's application are also given.

실물옵션을 활용한 공동주택 리모델링 사업성 평가에 관한 연구 - 아파트 리모델링 사례를 중심으로 -

글로벌 금융위기 이후 국내 건설산업이 급격하게 침체된 가운데 건축물 리모델링 시장에 점점 초점이 맞춰지고 있다. 건축물 리모델링은 주거환경을 크게 개선시킬 뿐만 아니라 각 세대별 전용면적 증가, 여유공간 내 수평 또는 별동 증축, 대형 평수의 세대분할을 통한 세대수 증가 및 일부 분양 가능 등 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 국내 공동주택 리모델링 시장의 경우 각종 법규 및 사업추진 절차상의 문제점 때문에 리모델링 대상 물량이 적지 않은 수치임에도 불구하고 사업이 지지부진한 곳이 태반인 실정이다. 또한 공동주택 리모델링 사업 추진여부를 결정하는 사업성 검토 단계에서 대부분의 수익성 판단 모델로 사용되고 있는 순현재가치법(NPV)은 리모델링 사업이 가지고 있는 단계별 특성과 미래의 불확실성을 고려하지 않은 단점을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 전통적인 가치평가방법인 순현재가치법의 문제점을 개선하고, 사업이 진행됨에 따라 일어날 수 있는 불확실성을 고려한 실물옵션 이론 중 이항모델을 활용하여 기존 사업성 검토에서 쓰이는 순현재가치법을 보완하였으며, 공동주택 리모델링 실제 성공사례를 바탕으로 연구를 진행하여 보다 현실적이고 타당성 있는 사업성 검토를 하였다. 본 연구는 국내 공동주택 리모델링 시장 발전의 토대를 제공하고, 기존의 사업성 검토 및 경제성 평가의 문제점을 개선하여 그 타당성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. After the global financial crisis, domestic construction industry has gone through a rapid recession. This resulted in gradual market shift towards architectural remodeling. Architectural remodeling not only improves residential environment but it has many advantages such as increase of each unit's exclusive area, free space within the horizontal or extension of an annex building, and increase number of household through splitting the household of bigger pyeong, etc. However, in case of the Korean market for apartment remodeling, due to various regulations and problem with business promotion procedures, majority of business is slow despite the figure that remodeling volume is not that small. Also, feasibility study which decides to push ahead public house remodeling business will have a flaw using net present value's law; it has a flaw of not considering properties of each phase of remodeling business and future's uncertainty. Hence, this research will improve the problem of traditional value assessment method of net present value's law. It will also consider one of the real options such as binomial model in order to supplement NPV which is used in current feasibility study. This research was based on real successful cases of public house remodeling and it was possible for feasibility study which was more realistic and valid. This research provided foundation for development of Korean public house remodeling market. There is high anticipation of increasing the validity by improving the problems of current feasibility study and economic efficiency assessment.

Реформа российского образования в оценках экспертов и мнениях родителей

The data of polls on ongoing reforms in education is carefully analyzed. It is shown that the number of the experts who are positively perceiving reforms, steadily decreases on the “top managers – teachers” axis. About a half of university professors and school teachers belong to transformations watchfully and consider them mostly premature. However, the available data of monitoring “Reforms in Russian Education”, conducted by the Federal Research Sociological Center under the leadership of Dr. Frantz Sheregi in 2009 and 2012 (total sample N = 5530) testify that not all planned actions manage to be realized up to the end. The reasons of failures in many respects are explained by lack of interest in modernization of education from various public forces, misunderstanding or ignorance from their party of expected advantages and benefits which will bring, at their appropriate execution, reforms. As a result — the regional authorities do not provide sufficient support of transformations. The exception is made only by “the highest commanders” and heads who owing to the situation are rather well motivated on reforms. The conclusion is that low productivity of held events is explained by, at least, two essential factors is drawn. First, this absence or a wrong social and economic assessment of efficiency of education in the relations with a labor market. The education system remains true only to itself and doesn't want to be guided by other players. Secondly, it is a lack of personal interest of ordinary actors of reforms — teachers, tutors, chiefs of the bottom and average level.

Life Cycle Cost Analysis – Integral Part of Road Network Management System

The article deals with economical aspect of Slovakia's Pavement Management System (PMS) – Road Network Management System (RNMS). Economic efficiency is a criterion, which enables us to create incisive outputs like strategy for allocation of limited funds between particular road sections, or the total funding amount necessary for preserving the road network in serviceable condition. In principle, economic efficiency assessment evaluates the impact of all Maintenance Repair & Rehabilitation (MR&R) actions. The positive effect – improvement of current state − of these actions has to overweight their construction costs. Economic efficiency can be evaluated by several methods, however, most commonly used is the Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA), which evaluates costs of various variants of MR&R actions.

Simulation and Optimization of Distillation Processes for Separating the Methanol–Chlorobenzene Mixture with Separate Heat-Pump Distillation

The methanol–chlorobenzene mixture has a larger relative volatility in the low composition range than in the high composition range. Based on this characteristic, the mixture can be effectively separated by separate heat-pump distillation (SHPD) with significant energy savings. The binary interaction parameters of the UNIQUAC equation were used to predict the vapor–liquid equilibrium by means of the binary interaction parameters included in the Aspen Plus database. To minimize the overall annual operating costs, simulations for SHPD were carried out using Aspen Plus software, including the RadFrac and Compr blocks, and the optimal operating conditions, such as the split-point concentration, were determined. Simulations for conventional distillation, conventional heat-pump distillation, and multieffect distillation processes were also carried out for comparison. The simulated results showed that the SHPD process has obvious advantages over the other distillation processes in the assessment of energy savings and overall economic efficiency.

Assessment of economic efficiency of conventional and organic agricultural enterprises in a chosen region

The present paper is aimed at assessing the economic efficiency of organically farming agricultural enterprises in a chosen region of the Czech Republic. The results recorded in the organic farming sector were confronted both with conventional agriculture and FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) enterprises in the respective region. Economic efficiency has been evaluated firstly by means of a production base (equity, assets, and liabilities). Secondly, profit indicators (operating profit, accounting profit) have been employed while monitoring the share of profitable and loss-making farms. Different profitability ratios were calculated per one hectare of farmland in order to provide a thorough comparison with conventional farming. Last but not least, the research strived to assess the overall economic and financial situation of agricultural enterprises by means of the following ratios: profitability, liquidity, indebtedness, interest coverage and total assets turnover. Following the research findings, several suggestions related to the database improvement and subsequent profitability assessment in the sector were formulated. The findings presented in the paper were obtained as a result of the Research Program titled Economy of the Czech Agriculture Resources and Their Efficient Use within the Framework of the Multifunctional Agri-food Systems of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports number VZ MSM 6046070906 and Grant No. 20121057 of the Internal Grant Agency titled Organic Farming – Map Portal Presentation Opportunities.

Economic Assessment and Socio-Economic Evaluation of Water Use Efficiency in Artichoke Cultivation

The aim of this work is to provide a methodology for analysing socioeconomic aspects of water resource management that will provide with an objective decision making tool. To validate the proposed analysis method here, we refer to three artichoke production options. The economic evaluations indicate that the drip irrigation systems are viable and profitable. The traditional method of flooding is not a viable option despite needing the lowest investment, but is close to the viability threshold. In reference to water use efficiency, option 1 is by far the most effective (3.60 kg·m-3 compared with 2.25 and 2.18 kg·m-3, respectively). In our analysis we find that the most productive systems generate the most employment per unit of surface area. Option 1 is the most competitive in relation with the water factor, since it could support prices up to 0.53 €·m-3 and still be economically viable. System 2 will not be viable if the price exceeds 0.22 €·m-3. Option 3 is viable up to 0.17 €·m-3, which is more than is paid at the present time in Sardinia, although such an option would not be viable in south-eastern Spain.

Economic Efficiency Assessment of Autonomous Wind/Diesel/Hydrogen Systems in Russia

The economic efficiency of harnessing wind energy in the autonomous power systems of Russia is analyzed. Wind turbines are shown to be competitive for many considered variants (groups of consumers, placement areas, and climatic and meteorological conditions). The authors study the possibility of storing energy in the form of hydrogen in the autonomous wind/diesel/hydrogen power systems that include wind turbines, diesel generator, electrolyzer, hydrogen tank, and fuel cells. The paper presents the zones of economic efficiency of the system (set of parameters that provide its competitiveness) depending on load, fuel price, and long-term average annual wind speed. At low wind speed and low price of fuel, it is reasonable to use only diesel generator to supply power to consumers. When the fuel price and wind speed increase, first it becomes more economical to use a wind-diesel system and then wind turbines with a hydrogen system. In the latter case, according to the optimization results, diesel generator is excluded from the system.

Повышение надежности теплоснабжения как инструмент энергоэффективности при эксплуатации тепловой сети

Measures for increasing of heating supply reliability developed and introduced in OJSC “Moscow Heat Distribution Company” are generalized and analyzed in this article. Analysis of these measures has shown their high power efficiency. Assessment of economic and ecological-economic efficiency from introduction of measures for increasing of heating supply reliability of Moscow is also given in this article.

Using of CBA Method for Evaluation of the Investments in the Link with Social Responsible Business

Abstract The paper presents knowledge from the area of economic efficiency assessment of the environmental investments, in the link with environmental management with context of social responsible business and their mutual connection, on the base of CBA method. CBA method creates basis for the software CBA1.1, which was created for the needs of business practise for the small and medium enterprises in the Slovak Republic.

ПЕНОБЕТОН, АРМИРОВАННЫЙ БАЗАЛЬТОВОЙ ФИБРОЙ

The authors demonstrate that the foam concrete performance can be improved by dispersed reinforcement, including methods that involve basalt fibres. They address the results of the foam concrete modeling technology and assess the importance of technology-related parameters. Reinforcement efficiency criteria are also provided in the article. Dispersed reinforcement improves the plasticity of the concrete mix and reduces the settlement crack formation rate. Conventional reinforcement that involves metal laths and rods demonstrates its limited application in the production of concrete used for thermal insulation and structural purposes. Dispersed reinforcement is preferable. This technology contemplates the infusion of fibres into porous mixes. Metal, polymeric, basalt and glass fibres are used as reinforcing components. It has been identified that products reinforced by polypropylene fibres demonstrate substantial abradability and deformability rates even under the influence of minor tensile stresses due to the low adhesion strength of polypropylene in the cement matrix. The objective of the research was to develop the type of polypropylene of D500 grade that would demonstrate the operating properties similar to those of Hebel and Ytong polypropylenes. Dispersed reinforcement was performed by the basalt fibre. This project contemplates an autoclave-free technology to optimize the consumption of electricity. Dispersed reinforcement is aimed at the reduction of the block settlement in the course of hardening at early stages of their operation, the improvement of their strength and other operating properties. Reduction in the humidity rate of the mix is based on the plasticizing properties of fibres, as well as the application of the dry mineralization method. Selection of optimal parameters of the process-related technology was performed with the help of G-BAT-2011 Software, developed at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. The authors also provide their overview of intellectual property rights and an economic efficiency assessment.

Análisis de costes y de coste/eficacia de las pautas preferentes de GESIDA/Plan Nacional sobre el Sida en 2012 para el tratamiento antirretroviral inicial en adultos infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH)

The GESIDA and National AIDS Plan panel of experts propose «preferred regimens» of antiretroviral treatment (ART) as initial therapy in HIV infected patients for 2012. The objective of this study is to evaluate the costs and the efficiency of initiating treatment with these «preferred regimens». Economic assessment of costs and efficiency (cost/efficacy) using decision tree analysis model. Efficacy was defined as the probability of having a viral load <50 copies/ml at week 48, in an intention-to-treat analysis. Cost of initiating treatment with an ART regime was defined as the costs of ART and all its consequences (adverse effects, changes of ART regime, and drug resistance analyses) during the first 48 weeks. The perspective of the analysis is that of the National Health System, considering only differential direct costs: ART (official prices), management of adverse effects, studies of resistance and determination of HLA B 5701. The setting is Spain and the costs are those of 2012. A sensitivity deterministic analysis was conducted, building three scenarios for each regime: baseline, most favourable, and most unfavourable cases. In the baseline case scenario, the cost of initiating treatment ranges from 6,895 euros for TDF/FTC+NVP to 12,067 euros for TDF/FTC+RAL. The efficacy ranges between 0.66 for ABC/3TC+LPV/r and 0.87 for TDF/FTC+RAL. Efficiency, in terms of cost/efficacy, varies between 9,387 and 13,823 euros per responder at 48 weeks, for TDF/FTC/EFV and TDF/FTC+RAL, respectively. In the most unfavourable scenario, the most efficient regime is TDF/FTC+NVP (9,742 per responder). Considering the official prices of ART, the most efficient regimens are TDF/FTC/EFV (baseline case and most favourable scenarios), and TDF/FTC+NVP (most unfavourable scenario).

Changes of Real Estate Sector in Context of Economy Lithuania

The paper analyses macroeconomic and financial ratios of Lithuanian enterprises (real estate enterprises) in the periodfrom 1998 to 2010. During the period in question, which was selected consciously and purposefully, Lithuanian economyexperienced two recessions: the first one took place after the Russian crisis 1998, the second one started in 2008, together with theglobal financial crisis. In the period between the two crises, a rapid economic development was observed.The efficiency is assessed using various financial ratios, reflecting various aspects of performance of an economic entity: itscapability to secure income, to perform profitably, to properly manage liabilities, to make proper use of available potential, to avoidjeopardising its further performance. Since no common methodology for the assessment of economic efficiency has been developedyet, it is offered to form an integral aggregate ratio to make possible the intercomparison of economic sectors and to determine thelevel of efficiency based on a set of financial ratios, not on each of them separately.

Comparing the efficiency of wastewater treatment technologies through a DEA metafrontier model

The assessment of economic and technical efficiency is a useful tool to select the most appropriate technology for wastewater treatment. However, traditional models require that the units being assessed operate with the same technology. To overcome this limitation, we investigate the viability of using a non-concave metafrontier approach that is based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate the techno-economic efficiency and technological gap ratios (TGRs) of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operating with non-homogeneous technologies. The model is applied to a sample of 99 Spanish WWTPs, encompassing four alternative technologies: activated sludge; aerated lagoon; trickling filter; and rotating biological contactor. The results indicate that mean efficiencies are relatively high and uniform across the different technologies. Furthermore, analysis of TGR values shows that techno-economic efficiency is optimal for WWTPs operating with activated sludge in comparison with the other technologies. Our study shows the importance of quantitatively comparing the efficiency of WWTPs that use different technologies in order to help managers make informed decisions when selecting the most appropriate technology.