Economic Efficiency Of Beef Production Research Articles

Эффективность использования региональных сырьевых ресурсов с целью повышения питательной ценности кормов

Purpose. Scientific and practical substantiation of the positive impact of the developed new feed additives on the metabolism of farm animals and poultry. Materials and Methods. The studies were carried out using traditional scientific methods of collecting information, processing primary material, generalization, and systematization. The analysis of biochemical, zootechnical, morphological, histological, organoleptic, functional and technological indicators was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted normative and technical documentation. Discussion. It has been proven that the use of natural sorbents and minerals (bentonites, diatomites, limestones, various fractions of bischofite), secondary raw materials and food production wastes (cake, meal, pomace) in the composition of feed for cattle makes it possible to reduce the technogenic load on the animal body (in 3-6 times), increase the level of conversion of feed nutrients (16-40%), improve metabolic processes, increase productivity (10-16%) and the level of profitability of the industry (7-14%). At the same time, animals of different breeds and directions of productivity differ in their ability to accumulate ecotoxicants. Inclusion in the diet of a vitamin-mineral complex containing betacarotene, vitamins E, C and selenium in a bioavailable form makes it possible to eliminate the stress factor that occurs during the parenteral administration of a commercial two-component analogue and achieve a more significant physiological effect on the body of lactating cows. The developed protein-mineral preparations containing bioavailable forms of iodine and selenium, feed additives based on lactulose in combination with honey extracts of highly valuable plant materials, biologically active complexes of lactulose and regional natural resources stimulate immune mechanisms, contribute to the formation of the functional properties of livestock products, which is especially important in the prevention of alimentary-dependent conditions in the population. Laying hens that consumed enriched feed used the nutrients of the diet more fully, as a result, more of them were excreted in egg products. So, protein with an egg was excreted more by 10.9-13.2%, fat – by 11.4-14.3%, calcium – by 2.3-2.7%, phosphorus – by 3.5-4.2%. In pig breeding, the results of the work performed have been tested and recommended for implementation in order to activate metabolic processes in the animal body, more complete protein digestion – by an average of 2.0%, an increase in the degree of nitrogen utilization – by an average of 6.0%, which leads to accumulation in the carcass of a higher protein content (on average by 19.2%). It has been established that the use of meat obtained from pigs grown with the use of feed antibiotics by rats leads to an increase in the functional activity of the liver, mainly due to the activation of protein metabolism, and the use of lard in the diet of rats causes an increase in the detoxification function of the liver, which leads to an increase in the activity of transaminases in the blood and tissue of the organ, a change in lipid metabolism and the appearance of fat-modified hepatocytes. The prospects for the use of regional entomoresources in feeding beef cattle are substantiated. As a result of studying the chemical composition and nutritional value of the extruded locust additive, its effect on the digestibility and use of dietary nutrients, the dynamics of morphological and biochemical blood parameters, the linear and weight gain of experimental calves, meat productivity, slaughter parameters of calves and the quality of raw meat, a economic efficiency of beef production, the expediency of further implementation of the development has been experimentally confirmed. Conclusion. Highly effective approaches have been developed to realize the genetic potential of regional breed resources by increasing the level of nutrient conversion of feed and diets.

Evaluation of biological and economic efficiency of the All Heifer, No Cow beef production system using a system dynamics model based on 6 yr of demonstration herd data.

Alternative management strategies with no cows and all heifers may improve biological and economic efficiency of beef production. The All Heifer, No Cow (AHNC) beef production system involves insemination of nulliparous heifers with female sex-selected semen (FSS) to produce primarily female calves that are early weaned at 3 mo of age. Dams are finished on a high concentrate diet and harvested before 30 mo of age. The objectives of this research were to: 1) build a dynamic model of an AHNC beef production system to quantify system biological and economic efficiency; 2) compare effects of utilizing FSS vs. conventional semen on biological and economic efficiency; 3) evaluate what-if scenarios to determine the effects on biological and economic efficiency of changing variables ±5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% from initial observed values; and 4) evaluate the effects on biological and economic efficiency of changing variables ±10% from initial observed values. A model was built over a 21-yr horizon using Stella Architect. Biological parameter values in the model were based on the 6 yr of data collected from the management of an AHNC demonstration herd. In the model animal, total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake, hot carcass weight (HCW), and age at harvest were randomized. Feed, animal, and carcass prices included in the model were based on 10 yr of historical U.S. price data. Key response variables were biological and economic efficiency (mean ± SD). Biological efficiency was defined as the ratio of output (kilograms of HCW produced) to input (lifetime kilograms of feed TDN consumed), and economic efficiency was measured using a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and unit variable cost (UVC). Over 40 simulation runs, the predicted mean biological efficiency was 0.0714 ± 0.0008. Economic efficiency was 0.95 ± 0.02 and US $445.41 ± 0.06 for BCR and UVC, respectively. Biological and economic efficiency was improved in the conventional semen scenario; biological efficiency was 0.0738 ± 0.0008, and BCR and UVC were 0.99 ± 0.04 and US $407.24 ± 0.006, respectively. Under this parameterization and market conditions, the AHNC beef production system failed to achieve profitability under any scenario that was evaluated. However, this review did not account for the potential increased genetic benefit from a decreased generation interval and the reduction in feed energy in comparison to a conventional cow/calf system.

Economic efficiency of beef production for dairy and dairymeat breeds of cattle

Economic efficiency of beef production for dairy and dairymeat breeds of cattle

ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ УПИТАННОСТИ МЯСНОГО СКОТА ОТ ЖИВОЙ МАССЫ И ЕЁ КОРРЕКЦИЯ УРОВНЕМ КОРМЛЕНИЯ

The purpose of the research is to increase the economic efficiency of beef production by the system of cow – calf by adjusting the feeding taking into account the point assessment of fatness of meat cows. For the effective production of beef is not enough to have highly productive animals and high quality feed. It is necessary to organize their rational use of feed. In technological groups animals have different live weight, and norms of feeding of meat cattle are calculated, generally, depending on live weight of animals. This is the wrong approach, because in the group (in the herd) animals can have the same living mass and have different energy requirements depending on the state of fatness. Adjusting the level of feeding depending on the fatness of animals will save expensive feed, as in the structure of the cost of beef a large share of the cost falls on feed (about 60%). In the course of the research, a high positive relationship between the live mass and the point assessment of the cows fatness (r=0.93 for Hereford and r= 0.95 for the Kazakh white-headed breed) was established, which allowed to determine the regression coefficients between the features. It is found that increasing body condition by 1 point increases the live weight of Hereford cattle 40.4 kg and in cows of Kazakh white-headed breed of 48.1 kg. This allowed us to determine the required changes in the feeding level for 90-100 days prior to calving to increase for cows with a body condition score of 1 by 3.02; 2 points – 2.67 to 3.02; 3 points on 1.70-2.55; 4 points at 1.32-1.70; 5-6 points to 0.85-0.91 EKE, for cows with a body condition score of 8 to reduce the level of feeding of 0.47-0.85 and EKE with fatness 9 points lower on 0,85-1,70 ECE. Thus, studies show that the organization of feeding depending on the condition, is a necessary tool for achieving economic efficiency of beef production on the system cow-calf.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА МЯСА КРС В СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА МЯСА КРС В СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

Management of age at puberty in beef heifers to optimize efficiency of beef production

Age at puberty in beef heifers can influence economic efficiency of beef production through effects on both age at first calving (2 vs. 3+ years of age) and the time of conception of heifers in their initial breeding season. An overarching factor that influences age at puberty in heifers is nutritional management during both the preweaning period and between weaning and the breeding season. Age at puberty is heritable and selection for precocious puberty in populations such as the Nelore breed has the potential to substantially influence production efficiency. Highly effective hormonal technologies exist to aid in induction of puberty in well managed heifers. Age at first ovulation and pregnancy in heifers can be substantially influenced through implementation of nutritional and/or hormonal manipulation strategies. In the long term, combinations of genetic selection, nutritional strategies, and hormonal intervention when necessary will optimize efficiency of this aspect of beef production.

A comparison of the growth rate of single and twin born beef calves

It is frequently hypothesised that Increasing the litter size of the beef cow would increase output and biological efficiency. Such hypothesis is supported by the simulation study of Guerra-Martlnez et al (1987), which Indicated that twinning would Increase biological and economic efficiency of beef production by 20 to 25%. However, there is little published data on the comparative growth rates of single-born, single-reared and twin-born and twin-reared beef calves. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of birth type (single or twin) on growth rate from birth through to beef and on final carcase weight, carcase conformation and fatness level.

Simulated efficiency of range beef production. I. Growth and milk production.

A revised version of the Texas A&M University Beef Cattle Production Model was used to simulate the effects of growth, milk production and management system on biological and economic efficiency of beef production in a northern plains, range environment. Animals varying in genetic potential for birth weight (BWA), yearling weight (YW), mature weight (WMA) and milk production (PMA) were simulated under both a weanling system of management (weaned calves custom-fed in the feedlot) and a yearling system (calves wintered on the ranch, then custom-fed after their second summer). The yearling system of management was biologically less efficient, but economically more efficient than the weanling system due primarily to heavier slaughter weights of fed animals. The advantage of the yearling system was most apparent for smaller genotypes. Herd efficiency improved with decreased BWA and increased YW, but changed little when WMA was varied while other growth traits were held constant. Increased PMA was favored for production of live weight at weaning and for production of slaughter product when feedlot costs were high. Increased PMA was not favored when feed costs for the cow herd were high. Economic weights generated from the simulation indicated the importance of selection for rapid early growth followed by selection for lighter birth weight. While larger genotypes were generally favored in this study, optimal cow size depended on economic conditions. Larger types were more biologically efficient and more economically efficient using standard costs, but medium- and small-size cattle were more efficient when feedlot costs were high. Small cattle were least efficient when feed costs for the cow herd were high.

Simulated Efficiency of Beef Production for a Midwestern Cow-Calf-Feedlot Management System. II. Mature Body Size

A deterministic computer simulation model was used to study the effects of mature body size on the biological and economic efficiency of beef production for a Midwestern cow-calf-feedlot management system. If feed quality was not limiting, if slaughter cattle were fed at an intake level of twice maintenance and if the degree of maturity at weaning and at slaughter was the same for each size class, there was no indication from the simulation that mature body size affected the rate of conversion of total digestible nutrients (TDN) to weaning weight or empty body weight (EBW). However, if feed quality varied with season and class of cattle and if voluntary intake was allowed to vary in accord with the model assumptions, some advantages accrued to large types, although this result must be considered tentative and environment-dependent. If the price ratio of feedlot to cow herd TDN was 3.0, feed costs per 100 kg of EBW increased slightly as mature body size increased, whereas nonfeed costs per 100 kg of EBW declined. Total costs per 100 kg of EBW were generally less for large types, but this result was dependent upon the price ratio of feedlot to cow herd TDN. A wide range of size classes was potentially optimal, depending upon the prevailing economic conditions.