Economic Effects Of War Research Articles

Economic effects of the war in Ukraine and recession.

The economic effects of wars and recessions can have significant impacts on consumer attitudes and behaviors. Understanding how these attitudes and behaviors change impacts during challenging economic times is crucial for financial education and management. A survey was conducted to investigate the financial attitudes and behaviors of individuals during a recessionary period. The survey was distributed from January 15th to February 28th, 2023 and included questions about age, financial education level, savings behavior, attitudes towards debt, gender and financial management behavior, age and financial education, and income and savings behavior. Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. Participants with higher income levels had higher levels of savings and investing behaviors than those with lower income levels. Participants with a higher level of formal education in finance had higher levels of budgeting and investing behaviors than those with a lower level of formal education in finance. Additionally, participants who reported higher levels of self-rated financial knowledge had higher levels of all financial management behaviors (budgeting, saving, investing, and debt management) compared to those with lower self-rated financial knowledge. The findings suggest that financial education and management programs should target individuals with lower income levels and less formal education in finance. Additionally, promoting self-rated financial knowledge may be a useful strategy for improving financial management behaviors. Future research could explore the effectiveness of different financial education and management programs on improving financial attitudes and behaviors during recessionary periods.

Economic effects of the war in Ukraine and recession

Background: The current situation from economic effects of war, as political uncertainty, geographic proximity,and the impact of new sanctions against Russia,has led to negative reactions in European stock markets.Previous research has shown that economic crises can have significant impacts on consumer financial behaviors and attitudes. Methods:The purpose of the study was to examine how consumer attitudes and behaviors change during periods of recession and to identify the implications for financial education and management during challenging economic times.Demographic data and financial management behavior data were collected from a sample 428 respondents.By examining consumer attitudes and behaviors during a recession,this study can provide insights into how financial education and management can be improved to support consumers during challenging economic times.A survey was conducted to investigate the financial attitudes and behaviors of individuals during a recessionary period from January 15th to February 28th,2023 and included questions about age, financial education level,savings behavior,attitudes towards debt,gender and financial management behavior,age and financial education, and income and savings behavior.Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. Results:Participants with higher income levels had higher levels of savings and investing behaviors than those with lower income levels. Participants with a higher level of formal education in finance had higher levels of budgeting and investing behaviors than those with a lower level of formal education in finance. Participants who reported higher levels of self-rated financial knowledge had higher levels of all financial management behaviors compared to those with lower self-rated financial knowledge. Conclusions:The findings suggest that financial education and management programs should target individuals with lower income levels and less formal education in finance. Promoting self-rated financial knowledge may be a useful strategy for improving financial management behaviors. Future research could explore the effectiveness of different financial education and management programs on improving financial attitudes and behaviors during recessionary periods.

Economic Effects of the First World War on Rize

One of the fronts that caused many economic and social problems for the Ottoman Empire during the First World War, in which the Ottoman Empire was a part, is the Caucasus Front. Shortly after the war started, the Russians attacked the Ottoman Empire from the Caucasus Front by sea and land, and the region was severely damaged. With the fall of the Caucasus Front, which had great hopes, the Russians started to bomb and capture the present Eastern Black Sea region, including Rize. Especially between 1916-1918, Rize, one of the important centers in the region, was badly affected economically by this war and the people of the region had to migrate to the west. In this study, the economic effects of the war on Rize were examined, and it was understood that Rize suffered severe damage both economically and socially. N30 N40 N90

The evaluation of a possible future Sino-Japanese armed conflict through the application of the ACEI-model

There is relatively little formal modeling of the economic effects of armed conflicts even though they have substantial economic effects. We set forth a new model, namely the armed conflict economic impact model – ACEI-Model. The model looks at the economic effects of war in three different stages: (i) pre-conflict stage; (ii) armed conflict stage; and (iii) post-conflict stage. The model is based on economic desgrowth (-δ) and other new conceptual indicators. We evaluate an imaginary armed conflict between China and Japan by applying the ACEI-Model.

"Untold Difficulties:" The Indigenous Press and the Economic Effects of the First World War on Africans in the Gold Coast, 1914-1918

During the First World War, the British colonial government in the Gold Coast vigorously sought to maximize both human and natural resources in support of the imperial war effort. Consequently, the people of the Gold Coast, like most colonized Africans, suffered from, the wartime policies as well as the direct effects of the war.' The Gold Coast had experienced relative economic prosperity before the outbreak of the war. Exports included cocoa, palm oil, rubber, kola, timber, and minerals.1 Ports, railways, and roads -were developed to exploit these and other commodities. In sum, the Gold Coast, despite the uncertainty of the colonial situation, was following a pathway towards prosperity, exemplified by economic boom and rapid urbanization. Also educational developments had paved the way for social change and social mobility.3 Unfortunately, the harsh wartime economic effects halted the wheels of prosperity: overall, the inhabitants of the Gold Coast experienced untold difficulties adjusting to wartime hardships and dislocation.4Two indigenous newspapers, The Gold Coast Leader and The Gold Coast Nation, which were published in the provincial capital of the Central Province, Cape Coast, became a hub of African intellectual activism and anticolonial protest politics. Patronized by the African intelligentsia, the indigenous press provided vigorous anticolonial commentaries on the prevailing conditions in the Gold Coast.5 Three areas of anticolonial criticism emerged in the press: opposition to Governor Hugh Clifford's vigorous implementation of indirect rule during wartime, colonial labor and military recruitment exercises, and the economic effects of the war. Several studies have examined indirect rule in the wartime, but they deal more with the political economy of indirect rule than the effects of indirect rule on the African population.6 A recent study has filled this gap by using African sources, specifically newspapers, to give voice to African perspectives on indirect rule.7 The subject of wartime colonial labor and military recruitment has attracted extensive study, though the sources used are mainly official reports, and consequently, the extant literature deals more with colonial policies than African agency and responses in wartime. Even in cases where the economic impact of the war is examined, there is still a reliance on official sources that emphasize government expenditures and income.9Through the prism of the indigenous press, the present study shifts the focus from government expenditure and income to the impact of the war on the population of the Gold Coast and African perspectives on the effects of the war on economy and society. Both indigenous newspapers took keen interest in the effects of the wartime economy on the people of the Gold Coast. Economic issues addressed by both newspapers in the course of the war were slackening cocoa prices; lack of shipping facilities and space; fall in revenue; stagnation of wages and salaries; scarcity of staple foods and imported commodities, especially from 1916 onwards; and the demographic effects of the worldwide influenza epidemic of 1917-1919. Increased taxation, freight rates, and customs duties equally attracted critical commentary in the press.10 In discussing these topical issues I show that the African intelligentsia, the opinion leaders in the colonial setting, effectively used the press as a composite political platform to articulate wartime economic problems that affected the African population. Due to the organic connection that existed between the indigenous press and the African intelligentsia, I have used both interchangeably to give voice to the extent and form of anticolonial protest and political action during the war.The first section of the study provides a synoptic view of the colonial government's perceptions of the wartime economy, while the second part briefly reviews the literature on the economic effects of the war. The third portion deals with the history of the two indigenous newspapers that served as the African intelligentsia's political platform for the articulation of the wartime economic problems. …