Economic Disturbances Research Articles

The Economic Impact of the COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine Conflict on the Eurozone and the Central Bank's Corresponding Policies

The COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine crisis have presented the Eurozone with serious economic challenges that have resulted in hitherto unheard-of economic shocks and the need for extensive governmental responses. The European Central Bank's (ECB) monetary policies and their success in stabilizing the economy are the main topics of this study, which looks at the economic effects of these crises on the Eurozone. The monetary policy actions of the ECB are examined using the IS-PC-MR macroeconomic model. Reports from the World Bank, European Commission, European Central Bank, and other pertinent organizations are among the data sources. In-depth analyses of macroeconomic variables like GDP, inflation rates, and employment levels before and after crises are part of the research technique. These analyses are complemented by qualitative analyses of policy papers and professional opinions. The results are intended to shed light on the efficacy of ECB policy, forecast future economic patterns, and make suggestions for improving policy measures to deal with comparable economic shocks in the future. This study is important because it offers a framework for future policy-making in reaction to economic disturbances, in addition to advancing knowledge of the ECB's role in crisis management.

Impact of income diversification on multidimensional poverty: Household level evidence from tea estates in Bangladesh

Policy advocates commonly use income diversification strategies worldwide to address economic disturbances such as poverty. Realizing the importance of poverty reduction and the raging debate on whether the household should specialize or diversify their income, this study attempts to investigate the poverty and income diversification nexus in a tea estate of Bangladesh. A multistage sampling procedure was applied to select 1 tea estate and 382 households. Primary data was collected through interview schedule. The Simpson diversification index and Alkire-Foster multidimensional poverty index were used to measure income diversification and multidimensional poverty respectively. Additionally, this paper used the propensity score matching method to assess the causal impact of income diversification on multidimensional poverty. The findings revealed that the research area has a 35% household level income diversity, a 43% household level multidimensional poverty rate, and income diversification has a positive impact on multidimensional poverty reduction. The multidimensional poverty was reduced by 0.095% on average for income diversified households. Therefore, from a policy perspective, income diversification can be a good solution for reducing household-level multidimensional poverty. Government and other stakeholders should redesign working guidelines for tea workers regarding working hour, days and wage in such a way that they can engage in several income-generating activities apart from tea production-related activities in the tea estates.

The New Normal? The European Union’s Temporary Frameworks for State Aid

Abstract It is widely agreed that the global economy has entered a phase of heightened uncertainty. Since all downturns and slowdowns involve low aggregate demand, the authorities typically step in by increasing their own spending to protect businesses and jobs. During the Covid pandemic the European Union has witnessed an unprecedented level of State aid measures, under the hastily adopted dedicated temporary framework. Temporary rules have also been adopted to facilitate State aid supporting companies affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which are still in force today (March 2023). The common pattern of crisis responses in turn allows for a more general, non-event-specific, assessment of State aid measures taken to reduce economic disturbances. Sufficient time has now passed for an attempt to take stock of these efforts. This paper therefore seeks to assess State aid measures designed to remedy serious economic disruptions, identify their weak points and recommend improvements. The analysis, preceded by a succinct description of the European Union’s State aid toolbox for crisis aid, will focus on the previously identified potential problem areas: How to determine whether an aid measure is indeed capable, in itself, of remedying the serious disturbance in the economy, especially when it is granted to a single undertaking, and how to ensure the effectiveness of State aid control. The paper will conclude with a set of recommendations.

Inflation Persistence and Implications for the Euro Area

The deceleration of consolidation trends subsequent to the previous financial crisis has had a mitigating effect on price dynamics. Furthermore, the expansionary fiscal and monetary measures implemented to stimulate the recuperation of crisis-affected economies did not yield substantial inflationary consequences. The disruptions in supply chains caused by the pandemic, the increased use of expansionary fiscal and monetary policies in response to the outbreak, and the influence of geopolitical factors such as energy prices have recently rekindled the capacity of price level dynamics to react. When the underlying economic factors deteriorate, it leads to an increase in vulnerability and a decrease in the ability of the euro area to withstand adverse events. During periods of economic prosperity, the monetary policy implemented by the European Central Bank (ECB) has the tendency to enhance the convergence of countries within the euro area and bolster its resilience against adverse economic disturbances. The findings of the article provide support for arguments emphasizing the need to adjust the institutional framework of the euro area, hence reinforcing the rationale for the concept of a two-speed euro area.

KAJIAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA PENCURIAN YANG DILAKUKAN SECARA BERSAMA-SAMA

The crime of theft which is committed jointly or often called theft with weighting, is a serious violation of law and has important implications in the criminal justice system. This study aims to examine the legal aspects related to the criminal act of theft which was carried out jointly based on the Criminal Code. The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. The legal material used is the Criminal Code as the primary legal material. The approach used is the statutory approach, the conceptual approach and the case approach, in this case the Case Study of Curanmor by Mother-in-law and Son-in-law in the Legal Area Tangerang Banten Police. The results of this study indicate that criminal responsibility for the perpetrators of the crime of theft committed jointly by in-laws and sons-in-law can be subject to Article 363 paragraph (1) with a maximum prison sentence of 7 (seven) years, can even increase to 9 (nine) years if in the trial process it is found that the theft was carried out at night by destroying the victim's house in order to facilitate the illegal possession of the target object. As for law enforcement for the perpetrators of the crime of theft through 2 stages, namely the pre-trial stage, namely investigation and investigation by the police and the trial stage, namely the process of proof and prosecution by the Public Prosecutor in the trial and the Verdict by the Panel of Judges. In relation to the case studies in this study, several factors lead to the occurrence of theft, including the high economic value of vehicles, relatively low vehicle safety, black markets, lack of public safety awareness, and social and economic disturbances. It is understood that the crime of motor vehicle theft is committed by the lower middle class in an effort to maintain life as an effort made by son-in-law and mother-in-law in this case;

The Impact of Unemployment, Inflation, and Participation Rate of Women in Labor Market on Divorce Process in Iran

Introduction: The growth of the divorce rate is considered as one of the severe harms of the change in the family institution, which brings with it the expansion of numerous social problems. The status of the economic factor is an influencing factor in divorce because economic disturbances cause quarrels and conflicts between the spouses, other effective factors are social and culture status, etc. There is a parallel relationship between the trends of macroeconomic developments in Iran and the trend of divorce. On the one hand, the unfavorable situation of Iran’s macroeconomic variables and on the other hand, the significant increase in the number of divorces in Iran for the past few decades, make it important and necessary to examine the impact of macroeconomic indicators on divorce. Method: The two-stage least squares method has been used to investigate the effect of economic variables on the divorce process in Iran (1370-1400; 1991-2021). The estimation of the equations has been done in a systematic way. This issue has been analyzed with the help of simultaneity bias and diagonality test. From identification problem over specified equations are confirmed. Findings: The results show that the effect of unemployment and inflation on divorce is likely to be significant, their coefficients are equal to 0.70 and 0.14. There is a direct relationship between women’s participation in the market and the divorce rate; its coefficient is 0.74. Also, there is a simultaneous relationship between the average age of women at first marriage, this variable, and the divorce rate. Discussion: The economy is an influential factor in couples’ decision to get divorced. Therefore, to reduce its rate, the unfavorable situation of economic variables should be improved. The role of women’s participation rate in the labor market is significant, but it should be noted that part of it can be due to the previous context. That is, couples have decided to divorce, due to bad economic conditions, social disturbances, personal factors, etc., but women’s lack of independence has been an obstacle to divorce, with the woman’s employment, ultimately, divorce takes place.

The Influence of COVID-19 on Exports and Imports European Cases during 2020-2021

Abstract The COVID-19 health crisis generated an economic crisis at global level and consequently determined numerous economic disturbances at different levels. The study of the economic impact of the health crisis at various levels became legitimate in order to identify the influences of the health crisis on the economic activity, among others. This paper concentrates on the study of the impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on international trade with the focus on two countries. The regression method was used to measure the impact of the COVID-19 burden (number of cases and number of deaths) on the international trade flows of two Central and Eastern European countries from European Union, namely Romania and Poland. The analysis includes the first two years of the pandemics, 2020-2021. The results of the analysis illustrate that the COVID-19 burden had an effect on international trade in the two countries. The import flows were more affected than export flows by COVID-19 in both countries in the analyzed period. However, the influences differed in the two countries, with international trade in Poland being more affected by COVID-19 than that in Romania.

A review on the impact of analgesic use during pregnancy on stillbirth

Stillbirth is a tragic complication of the pregnancy which is associated with emotional, social and economic disturbances. Stillbirth can be a result of advanced maternal age, smoking, obesity, comorbid conditions, poor economic status, drug use during pregnancy, etc. Though evidences suggest a number of factors contributing to stillbirth, use of analgesics adds an extra burden for the occurrence of stillbirth. Every drug has its own set of pros and cons, which may directly or indirectly affect the foetal health. Drug exposure was associated with the two-fold increased risk of stillbirth in pregnancy. Due to lack of significant evidence suggesting the occurrence of stillbirth which is a result of analgesic use, control over the use of analgesics during pregnancy is not well established. Hence, in the current literature review, the risk of analgesic-induced stillbirth is highlighted. The misuse of analgesics as over-the-counter medicines is widely known. Painkillers are often used to self-medicate without the supervision of a medical practitioner. Some of these drugs tend to cross the placental barrier and can have hazardous effects on foetus. Many circumstances might drive a pregnant woman to use analgesics which includes pain associated with the adaptation of mother’s body to the change during pregnancy. Due to ease of access and lack of knowledge about foetal risk, analgesics are consumed irrationally leading to pregnancy-related complications such as stillbirth.

СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦІЯ ПІДХОДІВ ДО ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ЗМІН У СТРУКТУРІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ПІД ЧАС РЕЛОКАЦІЇ

Political and economic disturbances in the world economy require new approaches to economic activity. The relocation of enterprises creates conditions for innovative transformation. Relocation takes place in conditions of total resource limitation and uncertainty of the external environment. The owner decides the feasibility of relocation, determination of the list of assets available and necessary for relocation, etc. He must choose the best methods and tools for optimizing business processes, form a list of assets to move and rank it. The purpose of the study is to identify business process optimization tools; conveying to entrepreneurs tools and methods for the restoration of relocated enterprises. The main methods of research are the methods of planning and organization of the experiment – in terms of determining the initial situation and input factors; methods of dynamic analysis (index method) – when choosing action algorithms; methods of conscious logic (method of elimination) – when processing the obtained results and determining the final result. The proposed system of actions of the entrepreneur regarding the optimization of business processes after relocation. Ascertain the expediency of using reengineering tools and a value approach to optimizing the structural changes of the enterprise. The importance rating of the enterprise's business nodes is formed on the basis of the value approach. The rating system of the enterprise's business nodes will allow managers to consciously make changes to the business model of their economic activity. The logic of organizing the business processes of an economic entity is radically changed as a result of the application of methods of chain transformations based on index methods and methods of conscious logic. The resulting ranking list of business nodes will help entrepreneurs to form effective business models for entering new business systems and effective functioning in them. Such tools and approaches should help enterprises actively recover after relocation in conditions of total restrictions on all groups of resources.

An agency perspective of regional economic resilience during COVID-19: the role of the local state’s place-based leadership in Kunshan, China

AbstractThrough a case study of Kunshan, China, this paper shows how a local state utilised place-based leadership to enhance regional economic resilience under the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. It unpacks how Kunshan effectively mitigated early economic disturbances induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, by two ways of leadership actions, namely, enacting jurisdictional power (that is formal leadership), and mobilising wide official and interpersonal networks (that is network leadership). Four specific local-state-led adaptive resilience processes or strategies are identified: stabilising labour supply, mitigating supply-chain disruptions, alleviating financial strains and reconfiguring market orientations. Through these proactive endeavours, the local state played an enabling role in aligning diverse stakeholders and resources across places, scales and sectors, thereby allaying economic shocks and enhancing regional economic resilience. This study contributes to the resilience literature by developing an agency-centric perspective to understanding regional economic resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic.

AI Assisted Attention Mechanism for Hybrid Neural Model to Assess Online Attitudes About COVID-19.

COVID-19 is a novel virus that presents challenges due to a lack of consistent and in-depth research. The news of the COVID-19 spreads across the globe, resulting in a flood of posts on social media sites. Apart from health, social, and economic disturbances brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, another important consequence involves public mental health crises which is of greater concern. Data related to COVID-19 is a valuable asset for researchers in understanding people's feelings related to the pandemic. It is thus important to extract the early information evolving public sentiments on social platforms during the outbreak of COVID-19. The objective of this studyis to look at people's perceptions of the COVID-19pandemicwho interact with each other and share tweets on the Twitter platform. COVIDSenti, a large-scale benchmark dataset comprising 90,000 COVID-19 tweets collected from February to March 2020,during the initial phases of the outbreak served as the foundation for our experiments. A pre-trained bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model is fine-tuned and embeddings generated are combined with two long short-term memory networks to propose the residual encoder transformation network model. The proposed model is used for multiclass text classification on a large dataset labeled as positive, negative, and neutral. The experimental outcomes validate that: (1) the proposed model is the best performing model, with 98% accuracy and 96% F1-score; (2) It also outperforms conventional machine learning algorithms and different variants of BERT, and (3) the approach achieves better results as compared to state-of-the-art on different benchmark datasets.

COVID-19 related stringencies and financial market volatility: sectoral evidence from India

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of the stringency of COVID-19 protocols on the volatility of sectoral indices during the period 03:2020–05:2021. Specifically, this study investigates the role of economic disturbances on sectoral volatility by applying a range of conditional volatility techniques.Design/methodology/approachFor this analysis, two approaches were adopted. The first approach considers COVID stringency as a factor in the conditional variance equation of sectoral indices. In contrast, the second approach considers the stringency indicator as a possible determinant of their estimated conditional volatility.FindingsResults show that the stringency of the protocols throughout the pandemic phase led to an instantaneous spike followed by a gradual decrease in estimated volatility of all the sectoral indices except pharma and health care. Specific sectors such as bank, FMCG, consumer durables, financial services, IT, media and private banks respond to protocols expeditiously compared to other sectors.Originality/valueThe key contribution of this study to the existing literature is the innovative approach. The inclusion of the COVID stringency index as a regressor in the variance equation of the conditional volatility techniques was a distinctive approach for assessing the volatility dynamics with the stringency of COVID protocols. Furthermore, this study also adopts an alternative approach that estimates the conditional volatility of the indices and then tests the effect of the stringencies on estimated volatility in a regression framework.

Environmental Impact Assessment of Using Decision Making trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) Method

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is, inter alia Related socio-economic, cultural and human- Considering the health implications, the proposed potential environment of the project or development it is a process of assessing impacts. The proposed industrial action in a transboundary environment, especially, over a shared resource Risk of significant adverse impact Environmental Impact Assessment on Environment. Also, river rule One that affects or may affect the quality of its water Environmental impact of party planning activities If not cause, due diligence and it Implicit awareness and preventive duty shall not be deemed to have been executed. Such Evaluation of the potential effects of the works. DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) They are divided into analysis using the Environmental Impact Assessment in Economic disturbance, Social disturbance, Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution. Evaluation Parameters Environmental Impact Assessment in the value. Economic disturbance is got the first rank whereas is the Social disturbance number is having the Lowest rank. In this paper Environmental Impact Assessment in Economic disturbance is got the first rank whereas is the Social disturbance number is having the lowest rank.

Do Trade Openness and Output Gap Affect Inflation? Empirical Evidence from BRICS Nations

The recent economic disturbances such as the outbreak of coronavirus, the Russia–Ukraine war, and disrupted supply chains, have resulted in high inflationary shocks that are difficult to combat. The most vulnerable to these global shocks are developing countries where trade is a crucial factor in economic growth. In this context, the study aims to investigate the impact of trade openness and output gap on inflation in BRICS countries from 1999Q1 to 2018Q4. Owing to growing economic integration and rising cross-sectional dependence, the study employs Dynamic Common Correlated Effect (DCCE) model to examine the long-run relationship between the variables. In addition, the study employs Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) to investigate the causal relationship between variables. The findings suggest that a more open trade policy helps to reduce rising domestic inflation. The price lowering impact of export openness outperforms the inflationary impact of imports, resulting in flattened Phillips curve. Moreover, the results indicate that the underpowered effect of the domestic output gap is not sufficient to counteract the unfavourable impact of the foreign output gap on inflation in BRICS. As a result, the study advocates providing subsidies and tax breaks to help export-oriented businesses thrive while keeping the global factors in check.

Evidence to Inform Resilience Policy in the SADC: Current Limitations and Future Research Areas

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) and its member countries are potentially vulnerable to external disturbances, including environmental, economic, and social shocks. Regional policy emphasizes interventions to ensure long-term growth and development in the face of potential disturbance. Current emphasis is placed on mitigating the impact of climate change, including the creation of the SADC Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan. However, the need for long-term adaptation and associated policy is evident to reduce regional vulnerabilities. Research is an important source of evidence to support policymaking, with specific importance to institutions in developing regions such as the SADC and during times of global change and disruption. SADC development policy related to resilience outcomes ought to be informed by research. This paper investigates the extent to which existing research supports regional resilience policymaking. Objectives include investigating available research on resilience in the SADC, identifying potential limitations, and delineating areas of future research to be considered by researchers that contribute to knowledge and evidence creation. A bibliometric review and selective content review of existing research were utilized. Relevant publications for the aforesaid analysis were delineated using the source concepts “resilience”, “adaptation”, “adaptability”, and “Southern African Development Community” (or “SADC”). Using the SCOPUS database, bibliometric data of 65 publications were imported into the VOSviewer application (v.1.6.17). Keyword occurrences and network and overlay visualizations were applied to identify the research themes underlying current research. The findings, which were supported by the selective content review, indicate that existing research focuses primarily on environmental and social disturbances, while the applicable regional planning scale and development policy are considered to a limited extent. Areas of future research ought to create evidence that is thematically relevant to policy areas and applicable to policy interventions, which necessitates increased research on economic disturbances, a broadening of existing themes to the appropriate regional planning scale, and consideration of explicit regional development objectives and policy. Transdisciplinarity ought to be central to future research on the diverse disturbances facing the region, while researchers ought to leverage knowledge-creation opportunities catalyzed by SDG implementation.

Adat, People Power and Religious Values: Sources of Social Resilience from the Early to Middle 19th Century in Bali

Adat and religious values played a significant role in the rise of social movements and people power during the Dutch colonial era which is evident in the dynamics of Bali in particular. For centuries, adat customary traditions had been deeply rooted in Balinese communities and strongly contributed to civilization and culture. However, certain factors, such as social, economic and political disturbances have threatened the stability of Balinese communities and culture. From the local perspective of Bali, this posed a threat against the sovereignty of the kingdom of Bali, was still recognized as an autonomous territory. In light of the above issues, this article used an interdisciplinary approach to historiography in analyzing oral history and textual archives. It is hoped to offer a better understanding of how historical Balinese adat and religious values fostered an increase in social resilience and people power when faced with externally generated disturbances.

Coenzyme Q10 reduces expression of apoptotic markers in adult rat nucleus accumbens dopaminergic neurons treated with methamphetamine.

Abuse of addictive drugs such as methamphetamine (METH) has become a global problem, leading to many social, economic, and health disturbances, including neurological and cognitive disorders. Neuronal damage is reported in chronic METH abusers. The neuroprotective role of CoQ10 has been shown in many studies. In the present study, we aimed to assess the pre and post-efficacy of CoQ10 on the dopaminergic neurons of the Nucleus Accumbens (de Miranda et al. in Food Res Int 121:641-647, 2019)in the male adult rats treated with METH. 80 rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 10), including: negative control (intact), positive control (received 5 mg/kg/day METH/IP), three post-treatment groups (METH + 5, 10, 20 mg/kg CoQ10) and three pre-treatment groups (received 5, 10, 20 mg/kg CoQ10 as pre-treatment for 14 days before METH injection). The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, P53, Caspase-3 and tyrosine hydroxylase in NAc studied using western blotting. Nissl staining was used to study the neuronal density of NAc. Our results showed that the different doses of CoQ10 in METH-treated animals significantly changed pro-apoptotic proteins' expression in the benefit of neuronal survival of NAc (P < 0.05). Neuronal density in NAc were significantly lower in the METH group compared to the control and CoQ10 treated groups. Pre- and post-treatment with different doses of CoQ10 restored the neuronal damage in NAc. CoQ10 could decrease the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins and reduce the neurodegenerative effects induced by METH. From a clinical point of view, it seems that certain antioxidants such as CoQ10 should receive more attention in clinical trial research. We believe that antioxidants could be the promising for drug abuse treatment in the future.

New Normal Realty – Business Environment Resilience of Real Estate Industry

The essential point of this research study paper is to direct a writing relating to Business Environment (BE) arose Real Estate Industry due to COVID19 pandemic. This paper is exploratory in nature which covered the current literature writing accessible nearby BE, with the critical spotlight on Business and Management writing for Real Estate industry (Realty) arose due to COVID19. During this literature study we discovered strangely, COVID19 pandemic created extensive Economic disturbances, Business challenges and potential for future business in the present-day BE for various businesses' functions and/or lines of businesses even for Real Estate industry as well. This study discovered that there is a good potential to further examine the quantified effect of pandemic on Real Estate industry in a much comprehensive approach to give an exercise learning from COVID19 context to future business leaders and the board research perspective. This examination finished with recommendation for future comprehensive exploration and recognizing a few effects of COVID19 on different parts of BE to the Management and Realty Business.

Effects from the government's closing order due to COVID-19 to Vietnam's stock market

This study examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and its following lockdown on daily stock market in Vietnam, a rapidly growing stock market that has revived successfully after the government shutdown order. This study uses the VECM time series data regression model to evaluate the impact of the daily increase in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and the shutdown order on the stock market in Vietnam from January 30 to June 30, 2020. Research results confirm the adverse impact of the daily increase in COVID-19 cases and closure orders on the business of the stock market in Vietnam. The study also shows that the Vietnam stock market before and during the nationwide shutdown played out in different ways. The prolonged restrictions on economic and business activities have caused major economic disturbances, significantly affecting the Vietnam stock market. The closing order affects the production and business situation of enterprises, stock value and investors' decisions, thereby affecting transactions on the stock market. Several policy implications for investors, governments and relevant regulator are also suggested.

Zwycięzcy i przegrani pandemii Covid-19: perspektywa globalna z uwzględnieniem gospodarki rolno-żywnościowej

Światowa literatura na temat społeczno-ekonomicznych konsekwencji Covid-19 jest bogata i odnosi się do poszczególnych przedsiębiorstw i rynków, sektorów lub gałęzi gospodarki oraz gospodarek narodowych i globalnej. Niniejsze studium jest unikatowe, gdyż zawiera wszechstronne zestawienie informacji dotyczących podmiotów i sektorów gospodarki o znaczeniu globalnym lub międzynarodowym oraz grup społecznych z punktu widzenia tego, co nazywam „grą pandemiczną”, z jej określonymi implikacjami dla sektora rolno-żywnościowego. Ma ono na celu identyfikację rzeczywistych bądź potencjalnych zwycięzców i przegranych pandemii. Kategoria zwycięzców obejmuje aktorów, m.in. sektory gospodarki, w tym rolno-żywnościowy lub grupy ludzi, którzy wyjątkowo skorzystali bądź skorzystają na pandemii, wyraźnie poprawiając wyniki finansowe lub inne. Przegranymi są podmioty lub osoby, które poniosły nadzwyczajne koszty lub straty, pogorszyły wyniki lub prawdopodobnie w przyszłości staną przed takimi skutkami pandemii. Uwzględnione są również niektóre idee ekonomiczne. Artykuł powstał na podstawie przeglądu literatury naukowej i popularnej, raportów, doniesień prasowych oraz publicznie dostępnych danych, wspierających badania. Wykorzystano dedukcyjne metody wyjaśniania. Wyniki wskazują, że branża biofarmaceutyczna, wiodące korporacje technologiczne, udziałowcy międzynarodowych sieci detalicznych, globalne holdingi finansowe, podmioty dostarczające żywność i najbogatsi na świecie należą do wyjątkowo dobrze prosperujących w nowych warunkach życia i prowadzenia działalności, a tym samym można uznać ich za zwycięzców obecnego kryzysu. W odróżnieniu, ofiary zdrowotne Covid-19, sektor energetyki i transportu lotniczego oraz zatrudnieni w przetwórstwie spożywczym, fatalnie dotknięci pandemią, są egzemplifikacją przegranych. Przedstawieni zwycięzcy i pokrzywdzeni przez Covid-19 reprezentują różne sfery życia gospodarczego, jednak w mniejszym lub większym stopniu są powiązani z rolnictwem i przetwórstwem spożywczym. Badanie potwierdza, że funkcjonowanie i kondycja tych ostatnich zależą od sytuacji innych sektorów i różnych rynków oraz od zakłóceń międzynarodowych rozprzestrzenianych w warunkach otwartej gospodarki. Artykuł może zainteresować tak społeczność naukową, jak i decydentów w różnych obszarach polityki gospodarczej i społecznej.