Economic Development Priorities Research Articles

Future Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Changes on Ecosystem Services in the Lower Meghna River Estuary, Bangladesh

Assessing the effects of different land use scenarios on subsequent changes in ecosystem service has great implications for sustainable land management. Here, we designed four land use/land cover (LULC) scenarios, such as business-as-usual development (BAUD), economic development priority (EDP), ecological protection priority (EPP), and afforestation development priority (ADP), through a Cellular Automata-Markov (CA-Markov) model, and their effects on ecosystem service values (ESVs) were predicted, using historical LULC maps and ESV coefficients of the Lower Meghna River Estuary, Bangladesh. Findings revealed that agricultural and mangrove forest lands experienced the greatest decreases, while rural and urban settlement land had the greatest increases, leading to a total ESV decrease of US$105.34 million during 1988-2018. The scenario analysis indicated that ESV in 2038 would also decrease by US$41.37 million and US$16.38 million under the BAUD and EDP scenarios, respectively, while ESV will increase by US$60.61 million and US$130.95 million under the EPP and ADP scenarios, respectively. However, all the future land use scenarios will lead to 1.65%, 10.21%, 7.58%, and 6.75% gaps in total food requirements, respectively. Hence, from the perspective of maximizing ESVs and minimizing the trade-offs in food gaps, the ADP scenario could be the optimal land management policy for the studied landscape.

Priorities of Economic Development of the Northwest Regions in the Сontext of Spatial Development of Russia

The article examines the strategy of spatial development of Russia for the period up to 2025, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. A critical assessment of the development priorities of the regions of the northwest of Russia has been carried out. Based on the calculation of localization indices by types of economic activity, recommendations aimed at clarification of regional specialization were proposed.

Coastal Resiliency through Value Capture and Transfer: A Framework Proposal

Coastal property is becoming more dynamic as it is subjected to the forces of climate change. This is particularly true for low-lying coastal areas, where climate-induced change is altering long-standing public policies associated with coastal development. In the US, attempts to address the new reality of climate change from a programmatic standpoint are generally referred to as resiliency planning. This article explores the concept of resiliency planning from a cost-orientated approach, viewing low-lying coastal property as areas of evolving risk. From this viewpoint, we develop a value transfer framework proposal that attempts to identify and quantify existing coastal asset values and engage in a transfer of the value to less risky inland areas that have been identified as economic development priority areas. The goal is to provide a risk-based, “cost center” approach to land use and related policymaking in risky coastal areas. This proposal attempts to highlight an example of a hazard-based policy intervention that maximizes opportunities to reduce coastal hazard risk, optimizes the social and economic utility of existing coastal investment through a transfer of development rights approach that is designed to build and enhance coastal resiliency. Future work can improve and build upon the principles set forth in the following framework proposal.

The economic development of impoverished provinces in Indonesia based on Pajale commodities

Indonesia has several provinces that have relatively high poverty rates. Those provinces are Papua, West Papua, East Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Gorontalo. The government through the Ministry of Agriculture issued policy No. 14 of 2015 to accelerate food self-sufficiency. Each province has its own economics potential. So that, it’s necessary to identify the potential food commodities for economic development of those provinces. This research aims (1) to identify potential Pajale commodity of each province with relatively high poverty rates, (2) to analyse specialization and localization of Pajale commodity for each province with relatively high poverty rates, and (3) to analyse the priority of Pajale commodity for economic development with relatively high poverty rates. The data used are secondary data from 2013 - 2017. The result shown that rice and soybean commodities were the basis in each province with relatively high poverty rates while maize being only a commodity base in Gorontalo and East Nusa Tenggara. Pajale commodities are not specialized and concentrated in those provinces. Only maize which become priority for economic development in Gorontalo and East Nusa Tenggara.

International economic security in the modern era of the clash of civilizations: problem of conceptualization

This article examines the fundamental approaches towards the problem of international economic security in the developed and developing countries. In each group of the countries prevail the own methodological approaches that depend on civilizational peculiarities and historical experience of a certain country. The goal consists in examination of the key aspect of the problem of conceptualization of international economic security in terms of the clash of civilizations. The author explores various theoretical approaches towards understanding of international economic security; determines the elements of international economic security; indicates the ways for retention and strengthening of international economic security. The article describes the paramount elements of international economic security: need for ensuring sovereignty of the countries; strive towards the absence of exclusive priority in economic development of separate countries or civilizational unions; responsibility of the economically developed countries to the global community for the consequences of implemented by them economic policy; realization of mutually beneficial cooperation of all countries of the global community and peaceful regulation of economic issues; consideration of global problems of the humanity in carrying out the economic security policy; orientation towards free choice of economic paradigm and implementation of own strategy of the political and socioeconomic development by each country.

От подхода 2Д – к подходу 4Д

От подхода 2Д – к подходу 4Д

Evaluation of machinery-building enterprises activity in the concept of sustainable development

The global idea of sustainable development as a Trinity of economic, social and environmental development priorities confirms its relevance at the level of the country, region and enterprise. An industrial enterprise can and should be responsible for environmental performance in terms of ensuring the safety of its production technologies and for implementing social objectives for its employees as a socially responsible employer. In order to monitor the implementation of the concept of sustainable development, it is necessary to develop a system of target indicators by which to assess the degree of achievement of the goals not only at the state level, but also at the level of the enterprise - the key link of the economic system. To implement the monitoring of sustainable development, an attempt is made to ensure the "cross-cutting" nature of sustainable development indicators – the presence of similar indicators at all levels of economic development – from the enterprise to the level of the region and the state. Approbation of the author's technique is made on the example of industrial enterprises of machine-building profile.

Формування та аналіз пріоритетів економічного розвитку регіонів України в контексті їх ключових факторів успіху

Формування та аналіз пріоритетів економічного розвитку регіонів України в контексті їх ключових факторів успіху

Неоднородность регионального пространства и ее влияние на качество жизни населения в субъектах Российской Федерации

Introduction. The authors clarify and expand the concepts of heterogeneity properties of regional socio-economic and digital spaces. Heterogeneity of space is associated with the regional uneven development and results in their socio-economic and digital differentiation, which, in turn, determines unequal conditions for ensuring the population’s life quality. In the context of the study, heterogeneity of the regional space is defined as a property of uneven spatial development of the Russian Federation’s constituent entities according to the territorial, sectoral, and temporary characteristics that determine and affect the level and quality of life of the population. The citizens’ life quality throughout the country is an absolute priority of economic development at the federal and regional levels. Indeed, only then should we speak of a positive assessment of economic growth when it does not follow the path of the previous inefficient development, but is aimed at achieving a real improvement in people’s wellbeing [3; 4; 17]. Taking into consideration the particular importance of social priorities and their implementation throughout the country, the authors think it necessary to study the properties of the economic space, to determine their impact on the population’s life quality. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of heterogeneity of the regional socio-economic and digital spaces on the population’s life quality in the Russian Federation’s constituent entities. Methods. To conduct the study, the authors make use of statistical analysis based on the data of the Russian Statistics Agency, Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, Russian Information Agency Rating; content analysis, methods of comparative analysis and positioning of regions. The scientific novelty of the study consists in expanding ideas about heterogeneity of the regional space from the standpoint of the regional socioeconomic situation and the level of their digitalization, which result in differentiating the Russian Federation’s subjects and unequal conditions for the people’s life, to a different extent affecting the population’s life quality throughout the country. In methodological terms, the study is supplemented by a pairwise comparison of the regional space characteristics and the multivariate positioning of regions in the coordinates: socio-economic space - quality of life; digitalization is a quality of life. Results. The authors study the impact of integrated indicators of the socio-economic situation of the regions, their digitalization level on the population’s life quality in the Russian Federation’s constituent entities. At the same time, the authors apply a comparison of various integral nature of the regional space indicators used, as a rule, autonomously, for multi-characteristic typologies (groups of regions I—IV and groups of regions A—D), by means of which a group of the most powerful regions was identified where the life quality is associated with the best socio-economic situation and active digitalization of these regions. Conclusions. It was found that uneven economic and digital territory development leads to interregional differentiation of the population’s life quality, as a result of which the leading regions and the outsider regions are distinguished, characterized by unequal conditions for the citizens’ life. The typology made it possible to identify groups of regions for which selective measures are needed to increase the level and quality of the population’s life. For some regions, the priority is to use their economic potential and new digital technologies, for others, active interregional interaction; the third (the weakest) cannot provide a decent standard of living without profound government support.

A Multiparametric Approach to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Toxicity Assessment in Non-Biting Midges.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are included in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) priority list of engineered nanomaterials for assessment of their environmental impact. The present study was carried out to assess the CeO2 NP toxicity to the freshwater midge Chironomus riparius larvae at concentrations of 2.5, 25, 250, and 2500 mg of CeO2 NP/kg of sediment. Experiments were designed to assess the prolonged exposure of midges to CeO2 NPs while adhering to OECD test guideline 218. The following parameters were investigated: CeO2 NP uptake by larvae, oxidative stress parameters, in vivo genotoxic effects, and life trait parameters. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the concentration of CeO2 NPs in the sediment and its uptake by the larvae. No significant mortality was observed in C. riparius, and oxidative stress was not detected. The only significantly induced sublethal effect was genotoxicity, which began to manifest at a lowest-observed-effect concentration of 25 mg kg-1 of sediment and progressively increased at higher concentrations. Our results indicate that exposure to CeO2 NP-contaminated freshwater sediments does not pose a risk to chironomids at environmentally realistic concentrations. However, the significant accumulation of CeO2 NPs by chironomid larvae may pose a risk through trophic transfer to organisms further up the food chain. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;39:131-140. © 2019 SETAC.

ТРУДОВІ ЧИННИКИ ЯК СКЛАДОВІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ МАШИНОБУДІВНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ У РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ РОЗРІЗІ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ШЛЯХИ ВИРІШЕННЯ

Стаття спрямована на дослідження ролі трудових чинників як важливих складових забезпечення інтелектуального капіталу вітчизняних машинобудівних підприємств у регіональному розрізі, визначено проблеми та шляхи вирішення даної проблеми. В умовах сучасної інформаційної економіки однією з наймогутніших рушійних сил розвитку цивілізації є творча діяльність людини. Від обсягу накопичених суспільством знань та ефективності використання інтелектуальних ресурсів нації залежать ефективність економіки, науково-технічний рівень виробництва, соціально-економічний прогрес.
 Загальна тенденція розвитку інноваційних економік, що знаходяться під впливом інформаційної революції, характеризується новим співвідношенням між людським і фізичним капіталом, за яким людський капітал стає пріоритетом в економічному розвитку. Такий елемент інтелектуального капіталу, як людський капітал, може стати конкурентною перевагою країни у цілому, відповідно впливаючи і на окремі підприємства. Особливу роль відіграє людський капітал, впливаючи на розвиток інновацій (поряд з технологіями та капіталом). Розвиток людського капіталу відбувається через адекватне навчання, тренінги, мотивацію у школах, університетах, компаніях, суспільстві, державі. Отже, розвиток інтелектуального капіталу на машинобудівних підприємствах спроможний підвищити їх конкурентоспроможність, дозволяючи знаходити нові можливості для завоювання ринку. Посилення ролі інтелектуальних ресурсів у розвитку конкурентоспроможності підприємств машинобудування в економіці знань привело до того, що змінилися умови та способи створення доданої вартості: знання, навички людських ресурсів (людський капітал), організаційні та управлінські здібності підприємства, його компетенції (структурний капітал) перетворилися в основні фактори створення нової вартості та фактично синтезували появу інтелектуального капіталу, який можна трактувати як ключовий елемент конкурентоспроможності підприємства, тобто елемент, що формує потенційну конкурентоспроможність.
 Розкрито сутність поняття “інтелектуальний капітал”, дано авторське трактування поняття “інтелектуальний капітал машинобудівних підприємств”. Також розглянуто питання впливу трудових чинників на інтелектуальний капітал у машинобудівній галузі України. Визначено основні проблеми, які гальмують формування та розвиток інтелектуального капіталу в машинобудуванні України. Представлено рекомендації щодо ефективного розвитку машинобудівної галузі на засадах формування та розвитку інтелектуального капіталу. 
 Рекомендовано галузеве партнерство, яке в інтелектуальній діяльності виражається у вертикальній або горизонтальній кооперації, при яких машинобудівні підприємства об’єднують свої зусилля для створення певного продукту для конкретної галузі досліджуваної промисловості.

Smart Specialization of Russian Regions: Prospects and Limitations

The article deals with the possibilities of integrating the concept of smart specialization into regional development policies in the Russian Federation. Strategies of smart specialization are being actively and successfully developed in the regions of the European Union. Smart specialization implies setting priorities for economic development based on local strengths and resources. The strategy assumes the ‘entrepreneurial discovery process’, during which promising market niches are identified along with technologies and innovations that a region can develop in order to gain competitive advantages in those niches. The article analyzes the required institutional framework for smart specialization implementation. Propositions are made on how Russian institutions in the fields of innovations and regional development can adapt to further the smart specialization agenda. The article concludes with the analysis of the draft strategy for social and economic development of the Irkutsk oblast from the point of view of its conformity with the criteria of smart specialization. Specific guidelines are outlined for the improvement of the strategy in this respect.

Analysis of potential featured agriculture commodities and processed products in Sragen Regency

This research aimed to identify the mapping of potential featured agricultural commodities and processed products in Sragen Regency. Data analysis used Exponential Comparative Method (ECM) and Borda Method. ECM Method showed that featured agriculture commodities at subdistrict level in Sragen Regency are Paddy, Pomelo Oranges, Corn, Banana Seedlings, Chili, Peanut, Melon, Watermelon, Sugarcane, Cassava, Arrowroot, Soybean, Fish, etc. Borda Method showed that the five featured agriculture commodities in Sragen Regency are Paddy with a value of 13, 600.56; Corn 4, 918.36; Sugar Cane 3, 313.95; Pamelo Orange 1, 466.64; and Peanut 904.64. Borda Method also showed that the featured processed products in the subdistrict level at Sragen Regency are Intip, Processed Fish, Rice, Marneng, Tempe Benguk, Ampyang, Emping Garut, Tofu, Keripik Tempe, Etawa Milk, Cornmeal, and others. Borda Method showed that the fifth rank featured processed products in Sragen Regency are Rice with the value of 7, 530.2; Marneng 1, 683; Emping Garut 1, 241.99; Keripik Tempe 957.65; and Tempe Benguk 713.99. It means that the featured agriculture commodities in Sragen Regency feasible to economic development priority in order to support community economic welfare are Rice, Corn, Garut, Pamelo Orange, and Peanut. Meanwhile, the featured processed products in Sragen Regency feasible to develop are Rice, Marneng, Emping Garut, Keripik Tempe, and Tempe Benguk.

SYSTEM-FORMING INNOVATIVE INSTITUTIONS OF THE AGRARIAN MARKET

The agrarian market of Ukraine and its basic component, agriculture, is the backbone of the national economy, forms the basis of preserving the sovereignty of the state food and, within a certain range, economic, environmental, and energy security, ensures the development of technologically related sectors of the national economy, and forms socio-economic development of rural areas, therefore, the purpose of the paper is to develop scientifically-based proposals to identify the role of strategic institutions of the agricultural market. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of cognition and systematic approach, which are used for studying theoretical and methodological foundations of strategic innovation institutes of the agricultural market. The results showed that the article examines the strategic factors that determine the efficiency of functioning of the agrarian market. The results of the monitoring and analysis of the formation of the institutional market environment are presented. There are proposed a model and priority directions of formation and development of systematizing institutions of the agricultural market. Practical implications. The studied institutions create incentives for the development of science and education, encourage the mobility of production factors, facilitate the transfer of scientific and technical information and the introduction of new technologies, promoting entrepreneurship and innovation. Conversely, inefficient institutions reduce the potential level of wellbeing, reliability of property rights, and enforcement of contracts. Value/originality. The increasing importance of innovation institutions of the agricultural market enables you to define the latter as an important intangible factor in the development of the economy and society that create the conditions necessary for the transformation and development of the agrarian market. The system of formation of a modern institutional environment should include a system of regulators, which would provide favourable conditions for attracting domestic and foreign investment, further structuring of the economic complex of the agricultural market, reduction of regional asymmetries of socioeconomic development. How full individual investment units will operate in the institutional environment depends on the realization of economic and social development priorities of the Ukrainian village.

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Agricultural use Under a Semi‐arid Environment: Case of Agafay, Western Haouz, Morocco

AbstractWater resources are a priority for economic development, aiming at meeting the increasing needs of agriculture and all socio‐economic sectors. Agriculture is one of the essential pillars of this development in the Haouz Plain. Under a semi‐arid climate, irrigation, consuming more than 85% of available water, is inevitable for most crops. Hence, groundwater is becoming increasingly under pressure.Salinization due to poor irrigation management is one of the main causes of soil degradation. In this context, assessment of groundwater quality and risks of soil salinization was carried out in irrigated citrus orchards located in the western part of Haouz and aimed at understanding the connection between natural context, irrigation practices, and water and soil salinization. The spatial distribution of aquifer potential lines is affected by groundwater over‐exploitation. Moreover, geologically, the Palaeozoic substratum rise constitutes an obstacle for underground flow, which explains the low values recorded and measured around the studied area.The groundwater quality in the study area is characterized by strong mineralization, consequently affecting the soil by secondary salinization due to the intensive use of moderate saline waters from groundwater. Using a mixture of different water origins is a practical measure to reduce the risks of degradation of the soil. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Combating infectious disease epidemics through China's Belt and Road Initiative.

Combating infectious disease epidemics through China's Belt and Road Initiative.

Methodological Approaches to Regions’ Typology for Working out the Strategy of Russia’s Spatial Development

The article is dedicated to the overview of new methodological approaches towards the typology of Russian regions developed to support the locality-based decisions at the federal level of governance in order to design and implement the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation in the long-term. Drawing evidence from several examples illustrating the formation of different regional typologies the authors propose their own one taking into the account the core principles of Russian State Regional Policy and the aims of Spatial Development Strategy which were formulated in its Conception. Giving the current conditions which indicate a necessity for a radical improvement of spatial development governance system, the research proposes a number of criteria towards the typology of Russian regions. The authors propose the measures for the system of criteria for social and economic indicators that can be used to generate homogeneous groups of regions on the basis of subdividing the regions under analysis into corresponding groups within the development of sectoral and industrial or problem focuses typology. For the creation of a structural and sectoral typology of the regions, the indices of the share of specific types of the economic activity in the structure of GDP in the total volume of the shipped goods into the manufacturing plants are used. The results of such a 2D-typology of Russian regions when using a structural, industrial and problem-focused typologies made on the basis of the official statistical data issued by the Rosstat over the period 2014-2016 are provided. The main approaches to their use at the determination of priorities of perspective social and economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation are given.

Analysis of competitiveness development of Ukrainian products in the conditions of globalization

The article considers competition as a category, in which the state’s vigorous activity defines and implements a competitiveness strategy, establishes the «game rules» for market relations. The current state of Ukrainian products competitiveness in accordance with the Global Competitiveness Index in 2017–2018 is analyzed. For actualization an existing problem, the goal is set to analyze and identify the causes of goods, products and services low competitiveness, which produced in Ukraine, and to summarize the ways of their improvement in the context of modern globalization, transformation and European integration processes. The main advantages of national economy competitiveness ensuring are highlighted, but at the same time it is determined that a goods, which Ukraine exports, cannot adequately fill the country’s budget, that is, a raw materials have never been a commodity, which can save an economy. It was proposed to take as an example of the Poland experience, where the products manufacturing of European brands is carried out under tolling schemes. It has been established that the main factors, which hold back the competitiveness development of Ukrainian products in the context of globalization are the domestic market imperfection, the tax policy ineffectiveness, an incentives inhibition for innovation and investment activity, corruption, shadow economy, imperfection of public administration system in the framework of competitive advantages protecting of domestic commodity producers. The following ways of existing problem solving are proposed, namely: to determine the priorities of economic development and to direct resources for implementation of the most promising and efficient branches of national production, which have the proper competitive ability to enter an international market, to stabilize the tax system, financial and monetary policy; to improve of competition regulation system and stimulate innovation processes implementing in the economy.

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR ATTRACTING INVESTMENTS IN THE AGRARIAN SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

Institutional dynamics refers to understudied processes both in economic theory and in economic practice. There is a lack of systematic knowledge on the composition, structure, and functioning of the basic socioeconomic institutions exactly of the investment process, therefore, the purpose of the paper lies in the study of institutional support for attracting investments in the agrarian sector of the economy. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of research is the dialectical method of cognition and systematic approach through which there are theoretical and methodological foundations of strategic innovation institutes of the agricultural market. The results showed that the institutional environment of investment provision of the agrarian sector of the economy includes, on the one hand, agricultural producers with relevant on-farm structural units, managers, professionals, organizers of production and economic processes; in rural areas; local authorities and government; and on the other, a set of functionally competent institutions (legal, scientific, educational, informational, financial, controlling, deliberative, etc.). Each of these institutions has a corresponding purpose, socio-economic relevance, and is an integral part of this system. Practical implications. The studied institutions create incentives for the development of science and education, encourage the mobility of production factors, facilitate the transfer of scientific and technical information and the introduction of new technologies, promoting entrepreneurship and innovation. Conversely, inefficient institutions reduce the potential level of well-being, reduced reliability assurance of property rights and enforce contracts. Value/originality. The increasing importance of the institutional environment of investment provision of the agrarian sector of the economy gives an opportunity to define the latter as an important intangible factor in the development of agriculture and society as a whole, which creates the necessary conditions for transformation and development of the agrarian sector. The formation of a modern institutional environment should include a system of regulators, which would provide favourable conditions for attracting domestic and foreign investment, further structuring of the economic complex of the agrarian sector, the reduction of regional asymmetries of socio-economic development. How full the institutional environment of individual units of the investment will be depends on the realization of economic and social development priorities of the Ukrainian village.

Сельскохозяйственное предпринимательство купечества уездных городов Тамбовской губернии в XIX веке

We center on the issue of studying merchant land ownership and land use in Tambov Governorate in the 19th century. The relevance of this study is due to the need to fill the source and historiographical gap in the study of the Russian version of social and economic business ac-tivities in the agricultural sector in the pre-reform period. The results are promising for solving the problems facing the agriculture of our region at the present stage. Currently, one of the priorities of social and economic development of the Tambov Region is to increase the competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex, the qualitative development of rural areas. The scientific novel-ty is associated with the consideration of merchant farms through the analysis of innovative forms formation of rationalism and entrepreneurship in agriculture at the micro level. Consideration of the merchant activities conditions allows to fully disclose previously unknown aspects of social modernization, to characterize the specifics of the entrepreneurial functions implementation in the agricultural sector, to assess the dynamics of new forms of economy development in our region in the pre-reform period. The activities of entrepreneurs in the agricultural business, their role in the process of agricultural society modernization in Russia is still undisclosed in concrete historical manifestations. Issues of the private-owned merchant farms development in Tambov Governorate has not yet been the subject of serious scientific analysis.