Economic Development In Urban Areas Research Articles

Can Mega Sporting Events Promote Urban Green Transformation? Evidence from China

With the adoption of the concept of sustainable development, mega sports events (MSEs) are gradually aiming to be greener and to lower their carbon footprints. As such, does the hosting of MSEs provide an opportunity for urban green transformation? Taking MSEs in China as a quasi-natural experiment and using prefecture-level panel data from 2000 to 2020, we empirically explored the effects and mechanisms of MSE hosting on the green economic development in urban areas by applying a time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) approach. The findings revealed that the hosting of MSEs can significantly increase the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the host city, indicating that MSEs promote the green transformation of urban areas. The results of the mechanism analysis showed that hosting MSEs promotes urban green transformation through three channels: encouraging residents to choose public transport, promoting the development of the digital economy, and upgrading of the industrial structure. In addition, the effect of hosting MSEs on green transformation is stronger in cities where the public is more concerned about the environment. We argue that host city governments should implement the concept of green sports when organizing MSEs, increase public concern about the environment, focus on the development of urban public services, and vigorously develop tertiary industries to drive urban green transformations.

Analysis and prediction of ground deformation in Yinxi Industrial Park based on time-series InSAR technology.

Monitoring ground deformation in industrial parks is of great importance for the economic development of urban areas. However, limited research has been conducted on the deformation mechanism in industrial parks, and there is a lack of integrated monitoring and prediction models. Therefore, this study proposes a comprehensive monitoring and prediction model for industrial parks, utilizing time-series Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology and the Whale Optimization Algorithm-Back Propagation (WOA-BP) neural network algorithm. Taking Yinxi Industrial Park in Baiyin District as a case study, we used 68 scenes of Sentinel-1A ascending and descending orbit data from June 2018 to April 2021. The Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers-Permanent Scatterers (StaMPS-PS) and the Small Baseline Subsets-Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technologies were employed to obtain the surface deformation information of the park. The deformation information obtained by the two technologies was cross-validated in terms of temporal and spatial distribution, and the vertical and east-west deformation of the park was obtained by combining the ascending and descending orbit data. The results show that the deformation feature points in the line of sight (LOS) direction obtained by the two technologies have a high consistency in spatial distribution, using the ascending orbit data as an example. Additionally, the SBAS-InSAR technology was used to obtain the east-west and vertical deformation results of the park after merging the ascending and descending orbit data for the same period. It was found that the park is mainly affected by vertical deformation, with a maximum subsidence rate of 14.67mm/yr. The subsidence areas correspond to the deformation positions observed in field survey photos. Based on the ascending orbit deformation data, the two technologies were validated with 585 points of the same latitude and longitude, and the coefficient of determination R2 was found to be 0.82, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.20mm/a. The deformation rates were also highly consistent. Due to the 47% increase in the number of sampling points provided by the StaMPS-PS technique compared to the SBAS-InSAR technique, the former was found to be more applicable in the industrial park. Based on the ground deformation mechanism in the park, we combined the StaMPS-PS technique with the WOA-BP neural network to construct a deformation zone prediction model. We conducted predictive studies on the deformation zones of buildings and roads within the park, and the results showed that the WOA-optimized BP neural network achieved higher accuracy and lower overall error compared to the unoptimized network. Finally, we analyzed and discussed the geological conditions and inducing factors of ground deformation in the park, providing a reference for a better understanding of the deformation mechanism and early warning of disasters in the industrial park.

The impact of the digital economy on urban total factor productivity: mechanisms and spatial spillover effects

Digital economy is the indispensable pathway for driving industrial structural upgrading and fostering innovation and entrepreneurship in cities, ultimately facilitating China's economic transformation. Simultaneously, the enhancement of urban total factor productivity (TFP) serves as a crucial means to achieve high-quality economic development in cities. This study examines the specific impact of the digital economy on urban TFP using a panel data model with a sample of 285 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2019. Additionally, it employs a mediation effect model to test the mechanisms through which the digital economy influences urban TFP and utilizes a spatial Durbin model to analyze the spatial spillover effects of the digital economy on urban TFP. The research findings reveal the following key points: (1)The digital economy has an overall significantly positive impact on urban TFP. (2)The digital economy indirectly promotes urban TFP by encouraging the advancement of industrial structure and fostering innovation and entrepreneurship in cities. (3)The influence of the digital economy on urban TFP exhibits spatial spillover effects, where the digital economy in neighboring cities significantly enhances the TFP growth of local cities.The results of this study contribute to elucidating the mechanistic pathways through which the digital economy affects urban TFP, holding significant practical implications for achieving high-quality economic development in urban areas.

Urban economic fitness and complexity from patent data

Over the years, the growing availability of extensive datasets about registered patents allowed researchers to get a deeper insight into the drivers of technological innovation. In this work, we investigate how patents’ technological contents characterise metropolitan areas’ development and how innovation is related to GDP per capita. Exploiting worldwide data from 1980 to 2014, and through network-based techniques that only use information about patents, we identify coherent distinguished groups of metropolitan areas, either clustered in the same geographical area or similar in terms of their economic features. Moreover, we extend the notion of coherent diversification to patent production and show how it is linked to the economic growth of metropolitan areas. Our findings draw a picture in which technological innovation can play a key role in the economic development of urban areas. We contend that the tools introduced in this paper can be used to further explore the interplay between urban growth and technological innovation.

Characteristics of slum housing at TPA Suwung

<p>Economic development in urban areas indirectly changes the function of residential areas into commercial areas. Along with the development of the function of the Gajah Mada area, the threat of decreasing the visual quality of Jalan Gajah Mada as an artifact of the corridors of the Denpasar Old Town area naturally cannot be avoided. The need for increased trading space, high building density, development of economic functions that are more commercial in nature due to the demands of profit and modernization as well as a slum environment can also eliminate the visual character of the physical corridor of Jalan Gajah Mada which still retains the characteristics of Balinese architecture and the image of Kota Tua because Therefore, it is necessary to study the visual characteristics of the physical corridors of Jalan Gajah Mada so that directions regarding the arrangement should be considered in accommodating changes in the physical corridors so that they remain visually aligned. This research method is a type of descriptive research using qualitative methods. Descriptive research is a research that aims to provide a systematic, factual, accurate description of the facts and characteristics of the population so that it can produce the physical characteristics of the Jalan Gajah Mada corridor as seen from the path elements, architectural patterns and street trees that surround the corridor.</p>

VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GAJAH MADA ROAD CORRIDOR IN DENPASAR CITY

<p>Economic development in urban areas indirectly changes the function of residential areas into commercial areas. Along with the development of the function of the Gajah Mada area, the threat of decreasing the visual quality of Jalan Gajah Mada as an artifact of the corridors of the Denpasar Old Town area naturally cannot be avoided. The need for increased trading space, high building density, development of economic functions that are more commercial in nature due to the demands of profit and modernization as well as a slum environment can also eliminate the visual character of the physical corridor of Jalan Gajah Mada which still retains the characteristics of Balinese architecture and the image of Kota Tua because Therefore, it is necessary to study the visual characteristics of the physical corridors of Jalan Gajah Mada so that directions regarding the arrangement should be considered in accommodating changes in the physical corridors so that they remain visually aligned. This research method is a type of descriptive research using qualitative methods. Descriptive research is a research that aims to provide a systematic, factual, accurate description of the facts and characteristics of the population so that it can produce the physical characteristics of the Jalan Gajah Mada corridor as seen from the path elements, architectural patterns and street trees that surround the corridor.</p>

Exploring the Contributions by Transportation Features to Urban Economy: An Experiment of a Scalable Tree-Boosting Algorithm with Big Data

Previous studies regarding transportation impacts on economic development in urban areas have three major issues—the limited scope of analysis mostly with the change of property values, the exclusion of smart transportation systems as features despite their potential for urban areas, and stereotyped approaches with limited types of variables. To surmount such limitations, this research adopted the concept of Big Data with machine learning techniques. As such, a total of 67 features from main categories, including the change of business, geographical boundary, socio-economic, land value, transportation, smart transportation, sales, and floating population were analyzed with XGBoost and SHAP algorithms. Given that the rise and fall of business is a major consideration for economic development in urban areas, the change in the total number of sales was selected as a target value. As a result, sales-related features showed the largest contribution to the rise of business, among others. It was also noted that features related to smart transportation systems obviously affected the success of business, even more than traditional ones from transportation. It is thus expected that the findings from this research will provide insights for decision-makers and researchers to make customized policies for boosting economic development in urban areas that are a major part of the urban economy to achieve sustainability.

QUALITY STANDARDIZATION OF LONGAN SEED EXTRACT (EUPHORIA LONGAN STEND)

Objective: Economic development in urban areas is a big attraction that causes urbanization so that the population increases. This has an impact on health, including skin health. One of the skin disorders is acne. Acne can be overcome with the use of traditional medicine. Longan Fruit Seed Extract contains phytochemical compounds that act as antibacterial and antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to obtain scientific data on the standardization of the quality of longan seed extract.
 Methods: Longan seeds were made simplicia, extracted by sokhletasi method and tested for standardization of extract quality.
 Results: The results of this study for specific parameters obtained extract identity, organoleptic test data form thick (sticky), glossy brown color, has a distinctive odor like longan flesh and sweet taste. The content of water-soluble compounds was 67.02±1.84, ethanol-soluble was 25.62±0.57. The total flavonoid content calculated as quercetin was 0.27±0.041. Non-specific parameters obtained data on water content 27.80 %±0.82, total ash content 1.58%±0.05, acid insoluble ash content 0.066 %±0.04, ALT 64x102 colonies/g, AKK 7x102 colonies/g, 0.0094 ppm Hg, 0.96 ppm As and 0.031 ppm Pb.
 Conclusion: Longan seed extract meets the requirements for standardization of extract quality.

PLANNING OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY

The work is devoted to the consideration of the concepts of the spatial development of the cities of Ukraine taking into account today's specifics of the formation of institutes of their management. The issues discussed in this article are relevant to almost any city in modern Ukraine at the stage of transition of the country from industrial to post-industrial type. Among the most pressing issues are the rational use of territorial resources and environmental security within urban systems. There is also a trend of uneven economic development in urban areas. The solution to this problem is the balanced development of urban space with a diversified economy and infrastructure, as well as high quality of life. The formation of multifunctional urban areas will ensure sustainable spatial development of the city and significantly affect the quality of life. Identifying areas within the city that are inefficiently used and have additional development potential will provide an important resource, which, unlike remote areas, is already provided with transport and engineering infrastructure. Efficient use of territorial resources will allow the formation of a rational compact planning structure of the city. The housing of high quality should be provided with the necessary social and transport infrastructure, be diverse, medium, and multi-story. Comfortable stay of citizens in public spaces involves the integration of public spaces into the cultural life of the city based on the expansion of existing and introduction of new functional content, including the implementation of commercial initiatives and their use in organizing important socio-cultural projects. A comfortable stay in the city largely depends on the architectural appearance of its historic and modern buildings. Existing buildings create the front line of streets, form the environment of public spaces, define the line of the city silhouette. Filling the existing recreational areas included in the system of public spaces with new meanings to citizens.

Estimating the drivers of urban economic complexity and their connection to economic performance.

Estimating the capabilities, or inputs of production, that drive and constrain the economic development of urban areas has remained a challenging goal. We posit that capabilities are instantiated in the complexity and sophistication of urban activities, the know-how of individual workers, and the city-wide collective know-how. We derive a model that indicates how the value of these three quantities can be inferred from the probability that an individual in a city is employed in a given urban activity. We illustrate how to estimate empirically these variables using data on employment across industries and metropolitan statistical areas in the USA. We then show how the functional form of the probability function derived from our theory is statistically superior when compared with competing alternative models, and that it explains well-known results in the urban scaling and economic complexity literature. Finally, we show how the quantities are associated with metrics of economic performance, suggesting our theory can provide testable implications for why some cities are more prosperous than others.

A retrospective analysis on the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax: the case of Adama City, East Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

BackgroundMalaria is more often considered a problem of the rural poor and the disease has been overlooked in urban settings for centuries due to the assumption that economic development in urban areas results in better life conditions, such as improved housing, drainage system and environmental changes that makes urban areas not conducive for breeding of the malaria vector. But, for many African countries, including Ethiopia, in most urban areas, although there are rapid developments, they are characterized by poor housing, lack of sanitation and drainage of surface water that would provide favourable conditions for vector breeding. Limited studies have been conducted as far as urban malaria is concerned in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to assess the status of falciparum and vivax malaria transmission in Adama City, Eastern Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Understanding the local epidemiology of malaria will help policy makers and other stakeholders to design and implement tailored cost effective and efficient intervention strategies targeting urban malaria.MethodsThe study was designed to analyse 5-year trends of malaria burden by two co-endemic species in Ethiopia (Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax) and its annual and seasonal transmission pattern in the city, by using retrospective data on malaria burden by species, malaria related inpatient department (IPD) and outpatient department (OPD) consultations from 2013/14 to 2017/18.ResultsOPD retrospective data analysis indicated that adolescents and adults (≥ 15 years of age) were most affected by P. vivax 43.5% (2986/6862) and P. falciparum 31.7% (2179/6862). Plasmodium vivax was found to be a predominant species in causing malaria burden in the city exhibiting less seasonal occurrence, and the relative burden of P. vivax is gradually increasing from year to year over P. falciparum.ConclusionMalaria is endemic to the city showing a public health problem. The productive group of the community, adolescents and adults, were most affected exacerbating poverty. Plasmodium vivax was found to be the highest malaria burden in the city and the observed epidemiological shift from P. falciparum to P. vivax calls for additional tailored intervention strategies to reduce the associated burden.

Granting airport concessions for regional development: Evidence from Peru

Airport activity has been linked with economic development in urban areas, and with their improved facilities (by construction or expansion), given the importance of connecting territories and the positive externalities for society. We investigate whether the change in airport ownership and management control has a direct effect on regional airports performance and catalytic effects on regional employment. By employing an interrupted time series evaluation design we address some threats to internal validity such as history and selection bias. Then with a difference-in-differences estimation technique, unbiased estimates of the causal effect for a concession policy on regional airports activity and regional sectoral employment are provided. Our main results suggest that regions with granted airport concessions exhibit higher airport activity and sectoral employment than regions with non-granted airport concessions; and, after controlling for different covariates (macroeconomic, socio-economic and infrastructure characteristics), regions with granted airport concessions have mainly higher aircraft movements, and more goods and hotels and restaurants sectoral employment than regions with non-granted airport concessions.

Spatial access to pedestrians and retail sales in Seoul, Korea

The retail sector plays a significant role in urban economic development, smart growth policies with mixed land use, and retail desert issues. In addition, urban policies and designs for pedestrian-friendly urban settings have become a dominant paradigm to reshape urban environments. As retail sales depend considerably on the volume of neighborhood pedestrians, the link between pedestrian mobility and retail sales has been a key issue in studies, designs, and economic development of urban areas. Despite the importance of the topic, few empirical studies have examined how pedestrian volumes along street networks affect retail prosperity in urban spaces. Hence, this study investigates the effect of accessibility and centrality to walking volume on retail sales in Seoul by considering pedestrian volumes and street network configuration concurrently. Multilevel regression models confirm that spatial access to pedestrians has differing effects on retail sales according to the type of retail sector. Specifically, a higher accessibility to and visibility of retail stores for walkers tend to improve the sales performance of all retail types. Further, the sales of the Medical Services and Education sectors are remarkably sensitive to the combined effects of pedestrian and street configuration, unlike those of the three other sectors, namely Food, Retail, and Services.

‘Creative Cities’ and the Rise of the Dealer Class: A Critique of Richard Florida's Approach to Urban Theory

AbstractIn recent times, Richard Florida's ‘creative class’ theory, which deals with a particular set of regional success factors (technology, talent and tolerance) has received quite a positive reception among regional scientists and politicians in North America and Europe. Particularly on the urban level, Florida's concept has become a ‘message of hope’ to guide poor and declining localities to a future path of successful development. Florida's approach can be criticized for its highly affirmative concept of class and the current mode of capitalist development. This article starts from a deconstruction of the notion of a creative class and deals with the aggregation and co‐location problems that plague Florida's concept. On the basis of empirical research on the regional distribution of diverse occupational groups in Germany, the article proves specifically that the ‘dealer class’— or in Florida's terms, creative professionals — does not have a significant or positive impact on the success of urban areas in developing sustainable economic structures.Résumé Ces dernières années, la théorie de la ‘classe créative’ de Richard Florida, qui porte sur un ensemble spécifique de facteurs de réussite régionale (technologie, talent et tolérance), a été accueillie très favorablement, en Amérique du Nord et en Europe, dans les milieux politiques et de la recherche sur les régions. Plus précisément, au niveau urbain, le concept de Florida s’est transformé en ‘message d’espoir’ guidant les localités pauvres ou en déclin sur la voie d’un développement réussi. L’approche de Florida est critiquable par son concept de classe fortement antidiscriminatoire et du fait des modalités d’évolution actuelles du capitalisme. L’article commence par une déconstruction de la notion de classe créative et aborde les problèmes d’agrégation et de co‐localisation qui empoisonnent le concept de Florida. À partir d’une étude empirique sur la répartition régionale de divers groupes professionnels en Allemagne, il est démontré spécifiquement que la ‘dealer class ou classe des courtiers’ (les creative professionals au sens de Florida) n’a pas d’impact significatif ou positif sur la réussite des zones urbaines via le développement de structures économiques durables.

Quantifying the decrease of the photovoltaic panels’ energy yield due to phenomena of natural air pollution disposal

Photovoltaic (PV) applications, gaining worldwide interest during the last years, comprise a promising renewable energy based solution, able to considerably contribute to the constantly increasing energy demand of our planet. Currently, residential applications possess a considerable share of the global PV market since fiscal and practical incentives have reinforced their promotion. On the other hand, high population concentration, rapid industrialisation and economic development of urban areas all over the world have caused significant degradation of the urban air quality. In this context, the actual performance of five identical pairs of roof-top PV-panels, operating in the aggravated urban environment of Athens (from the atmospheric air pollution point of view), is currently evaluated. For this purpose, a series of systematic experimental measurements is conducted within a certain time period and the influence of different dust deposition densities on the energy yield and the economic performance of the small power station is estimated. According to the results obtained, the presence of dust considerably affects the PV-panels’ performance since even a relatively small dust deposition density (≈1 g/m2) may result in remarkable energy losses corresponding almost to 40 €/kWp on an annual basis.

New Perspectives on the Use of GPS and GIS to Support a Highway Performance Study

AbstractIn recent decades, rapid growth of travel volume has resulted in a significant increase in traffic congestion, accidents, environmental pollution and energy consumption. Accurate traffic data are drastically needed for effective evaluation of traffic systems in order to alleviate the impacts of increasing travel volume of the quality of life and economic development of urban areas. This article provides a discussion on a data acquisition methodology for highway traffic pattern recognition and congestion analysis by integrating data from the global positioning system (GPS) with a geographic information system (GIS). The GPS technology is a powerful tool in capturing continuous positioning and timing information, whereas the GIS is capable of storing, managing, manipulating, analyzing and displaying the acquired spatial information. Compared to previous studies, the effective integration of the two technologies allows for traffic analysis to be conducted at a finer resolution. The proposed method is illustrated with a case study on multiple major highway segments in Columbus, Ohio.

GARDEN SHOWS: THE DRIVING FORCE FOR LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT, URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRY

Summary The role of international, federal, state and regional garden shows in the promotion of landscape management, urban development, and industry within Germany is reviewed and discussed. Since the post Second World War period, Germany has developed a tradition of garden shows as the impetus for ecological, cultural and economic development of urban areas and their environs. Initially, garden shows were used to stimulate the regeneration of bombed areas by restoring devastated urban parks and public amenities and by controlling dust and pests. From the late 1950's onwards, the focus shifted towards urban regeneration with the creation of green spaces and green corridors in densely populated areas. In the 1980's, the debate on ecological aspects of green areas started and this is now a focal point of all regeneration projects. Currently there is debate as to the future of garden shows in Germany. The requirements of strategies to continue the tradition of garden shows are discussed.

Professional Sports Facilities, Franchises and Urban Economic Development

Local political and community leaders and the owners of professional sports teams frequently claim that professional sports facilities and franchises are important engines of economic development in urban areas. These structures and teams allegedly contribute millions of dollars of net new spending annually and create hundreds of new jobs, and provide justification for hundreds of millions of dollars of public subsidies for the construction of many new professional sports facilities in the United Sates over the past decade. Despite these claims, economists have found no evidence of positive economic impact of professional sports teams and facilities on urban economies. We critically review the debate on the economic effects of professional sports and their role as an engine of urban economic redevelopment, with an emphasis on recent economic research.

Economic Development in Rural Illinois Communities: A Critical Assessment

A faltering national economy and declining leadership by the federal government in the 1980s fostered a flurry of economic development activity at the local level—in both urban and rural areas. This activity stimulated extensive research on the process of economic development in urban areas. Much less has been written, however, about the same in rural areas. In this paper we examine the practice of economic development in rural areas. Drawing on case studies of economic development activities in six rural Illinois communities, we identify who participates in economic development decision making, how economic development is pursued, and whose interests are served by economic development programs in rural areas. Based on the findings of these case studies, we offer a critical review of the practice of economic development in rural areas. We conclude by describing differences between urban and rural communities that cause differences in the practice of economic development.

Improving the urban environment: How to adjust national and local government policy for sustainable urban growth

This paper is concerned with the problems of developing policies which stimulate urban economic development without causing sub-optimal damage to the environment. It is, therefore, concerned with policies which lead to sustainable urban growth. The objective is to illustrate not only that the consequences of the inadequate consideration of environmental factors in urban policy making have harmful long term, environmental effects but also that these effects can impede the economic development of urban areas as measured more conventionally in terms of job creation and monetary incomes. Further, it is argued that, given the interactive nature of both environmental effects and the remedial policies available to tackle them, it is preferable to consider the application of a portfolio of policy measures rather than pursue a single problem/target strategy. To this latter end a dynamic approach to the long term application of such a portfolio is explored.