Economic Development Interventions Research Articles

The Association between Rapid Urbanization Process and Mangrove Land Use Changes in Coastal Regions of Mainland China: A ten-years Systematic Review

Objective: This research aims to summarize the impacts on mangroves in mainland China due to changes in land use patterns in the context of rapid urbanization. Theoretical Framework: Grounded in theories of urbanization, land use change, and ecosystem dynamics, this research adopts a theoretical framework that integrates concepts from geography, ecology, and urban studies. It explores the complex interactions between urban development and mangrove ecosystems, considering factors such as population growth, economic development, and policy interventions. Method: The systematic literature review method used in this study follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. From 359 papers, 14 were selected for review and summary based on sources and identification, inclusion and exclusion criteria, screening, and data extraction. Results and Discussion: We realize that development activities that land use, such as land reclamation and port construction, pose the most significant threat to mangroves, often leading to irreversible damage. In addition to the obvious destruction, the covert and sustained impacts of urban development on mangrove forests have been receiving increasing attention. To address the negative impact of substantial demand for construction land, the establishment of protected areas at different levels has been proven to be indeed effective. However, the sustainable development of management and service functions within protected areas requires further research. Research Implications: Understanding the specific impacts of the urbanization process on mangrove forests is crucial for mangrove restoration efforts and for formulating and adjusting urban development-related plans and policies. Originality/Value: This study assesses urbanization impacts on mangroves, detailing loss reasons and distinguishing explicit and implicit effects of construction. It evaluates protective measures and discusses tailored conservation strategies for sustainable mangrove management.

Dynamic capabilities and competitiveness: Relationship among industrial policy, structural transformation, and economic growth in Indonesian regional industries

The complex interactions of industrial Policy, structural transformation, economic growth, and competitive strategy within regional industries are examined in this research. Using a dynamic capabilities framework, the study examines the mediating roles of organizational innovation and adaptability in the link between competitiveness and macroeconomic variables. A two-way fixed effects model is used in this study to examine the influence of structural transformation (ST) on Industrial Policy (IP). Using regional data covering the years 2010 to 2022, the research undertaken in this paper explores the dynamics of the Indonesian economy by empirically assessing the consequences of structural change on industrial Policy. In order to establish a comprehensive model that clarifies the mechanisms through which industrial policies and structural shifts impact the development of dynamic capabilities, ultimately influencing competitiveness strategies, this research draws on a large amount of empirical data and integrates insights from seminal works. Our research adds to our knowledge of strategic management in regional industries by providing detailed information on how economic development and policy interventions influence businesses’ ability to adapt and gain a competitive edge. In addition to advancing scholarly discourse, this study offers business executives and politicians valuable insights for managing the intricacies of global economic processes.

Moderating effect of urban endowment factors on environmental regulations-productivity relationship in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

In this paper, six major cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China are classified into two groups, namely core city (Beijing) and industrial cities. The objective is to analyze the moderating effect of urban endowments in different urban contexts on the environmental regulation-productivity relationship using an econometric model. The results are: As environmental regulation intensifies, production in Beijing's high-polluting industries rises after falling, showing “innovation compensation” and “inefficient exit” effects. In contrast, the high-polluting industries in the industrial cities exhibit a “compliance cost” effect. In Beijing, four urban endowment factors, including economic development, technological innovation, human capital, and government intervention, can provide supportive conditions for business development under environmental regulatory pressure, primarily by reducing the “compliance cost” effect and enhancing the “innovation compensation” effect. In industrial cities, on the other hand, urban endowment factors have not had a positive moderating effect, and government intervention has even had a negative effect. We argue that government intervention may be the more fundamental urban endowment factor, which may affect the moderating outcomes of other endowment factors. Based on these findings, we propose that governments should make greater use of guiding and incentive-based environmental policy instruments, while reducing administrative interventions. Appropriate policy instruments can activate the positive moderating role of urban endowments and thus provide a better supportive environment for firms' technological innovation.

PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of economic development interventions in humanitarian settings in low- and middle-income countries: A mixed-method systematic review.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The review will address the following research questions: (1) What are the effects of economic development interventions on the economic outcomes of people in humanitarian settings? What factors explain any observed variations in effect such as setting, programme design features or duration? (2) What are the effects of economic development interventions on the food security, nutrition, the psychosocial and mental health, and the physical health outcomes of populations in humanitarian settings? (3) What are the success factors and barriers that affect the implementation and effectiveness of economic development interventions on populations affected by humanitarian crisis?

Utilizing Google Earth Data to Assess Spatial-Temporal Land Use Changes around Jatibarang Reservoir, Semarang City

This study aims to assess the spatial-temporal land use changes around Jatibarang Reservoir in Semarang City, Indonesia City from 2012 to 2022, utilizing Google Earth data. The Jatibarang Reservoir and its surrounding areas have been subject to rapid urbanization and land use transformations in recent years, leading to significant environmental and socio-economic implications. The classification accuracy of seven land use categories was validated, demonstrating a high level of accuracy. The analysis reveals a dominance of agricultural land use, with notable shifts observed in forest cover, settlements, and reservoir areas. Population growth, economic development, and policy interventions are identified as the main drivers behind these land use changes. The spatial analysis using Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA) indicates a scattered distribution pattern of land use changes, primarily concentrated in the western part of the reservoir area. These land use changes have significant social, economic, and environmental implications, impacting the sustainability of the reservoir and surrounding areas. The study highlights the need for improved data quality, rigorous validation methods, and spatial modeling approaches in future research. By understanding the dynamics of land use changes and their implications, policymakers and stakeholders can make informed decisions for sustainable land management and environmental conservation in similar contexts.

Household living conditions and individual behaviours associated with malaria risk: a community-based survey in the Limpopo River Valley, 2020, South Africa

BackgroundOver the past decade, implementation of multiple malaria control strategies in most countries has largely contributed to advance the global malaria elimination agenda. Nevertheless, in some regions, seasonal epidemics may adversely affect the health of local populations. In South Africa, Plasmodium falciparum malaria is still present, with the Vhembe District experiencing an incidence rate of 3.79 cases/1000 person-years in 2018, particularly in the Limpopo River Valley, bordering Zimbabwe. To elucidate the complexity of the mechanisms involved in local regular malaria outbreaks, a community-based survey was implemented in 2020 that focused on the relationship between housing conditions and malaria risky behaviours.MethodsThe community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among the population of three study sites in the Vhembe District, which were selected based on malaria incidence rate, social and health characteristics of inhabitants. The household survey used a random sampling strategy, where data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires and field notes; to described the housing conditions (housing questionnaire), and focus on individual behaviours of household members. Statistical analyses were performed combining hierarchical classifications and logistic regressions.ResultsIn this study, 398 households were described, covering a population of 1681 inhabitants of all ages, and 439 adults who participated in community-based survey. The analysis of situations at risk of malaria showed that the influence of contextual factors, particularly those defined by the type of habitat, was significant. Housing conditions and poor living environments were factors of malaria exposure and history, regardless of site of investigation, individual preventive behaviours and personal characteristics of inhabitants. Multivariate models showed that, considering all personal characteristics or behaviours of inhabitants, housing conditions such as overcrowding pressures were significantly associated with individual malaria risk.ConclusionsThe results showed the overwhelming weight of social and contextual factors on risk situations. Considering the Fundamental Causes Theory, malaria control policies based on health behaviour prevention, should reinforce access to care or promoting health education actions. Overarching economic development interventions in targeted geographical areas and populations have to be implemented, so that malaria control and elimination strategies can be efficiently and effectively managed.

Municipal arts and cultural plans: implementation and impact

ABSTRACT Arts and cultural planning is a growing subfield of planning, but we know little about how arts and cultural master plans are used in daily practice. Based on a survey of planners in 64 U.S. cities, we found that arts and cultural planners draw on arts and cultural plans more and view these plans as more influential than do general planners. Respondents highlighted plans’ importance in increasing community pride, government support for creative and cultural organizations, and in supporting economic development and place-based interventions. Participants thought they had made good progress towards implementation but still had work to do.

Spatial Pattern and Spillover Effects of the Urban Land Green Use Efficiency for the Lanzhou-Xining Urban Agglomeration of the Yellow River Basin

Green development is necessary for building high-quality modern economic systems. Due to limited land resources, ensuring the ecological benefits will not be damaged while developing the economy is necessary, as is improving urban land green use efficiency (ULGUE). Lanzhou-Xining Urban Agglomeration is a crucial urban agglomeration in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin. The improvement of ULGUE can promote the integrated management of the region’s land and achieve harmonious development with the social economy. This study adopts a super-efficiency SBM model to quantify the ULGUE of the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration between 2015 and 2020, analysing its spatial and temporal patterns by combining exploratory spatial data analysis. The spatial spillover effect was discussed using the spatial Durbin model. The results showed that the average value of ULGUE in the study period was on the rise and showed positive spatial autocorrelation. The ULGUE of provincial capital cities was higher than non, along with the efficiency of city proper, compared to other counties. Many factors were found to positively influence the ULGUE of the whole study region. Among these were the optimisation of industrial structure, economic development, urbanisation level, and government intervention. Population concentration and environmental regulation had a negative spatial spillover effect.

Identification of Socio-Economic Impacts as the Main Drivers of Carbon Stocks in China's Tropical Rainforests: Implications for REDD.

Active incentives or compensation measures plus conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (denoted together as "REDD+") should be adopted in developing countries to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions caused by deforestation and forest degradation. Identification and analysis of the driving forces behind carbon stocks are crucial for the implementation of REDD+. In this study, the principal component model and the stepwise linear regression model were used to analyze the social and economic driving forces of stocks in three important types of forest change: deforestation, forestland transformation, and forest degradation in China's tropical rainforests of Xishuangbanna, based on the combination of satellite imagery and the normalized difference vegetation index. The findings show that there are different key driving forces that lead to carbon stock changes in the forest land conversion of Xishuangbanna. In particular, the agricultural development level is the main cause of emissions from deforestation, whereas poor performance of protection policies is the main cause of emissions from forest degradation. In contrast, the rural economic development interventions are significantly positive for emissions from forestland transformation. It is crucial to pay attention to distinguishing the driving forces behind carbon stock changes from forest degradation, deforestation, and transformation for optimizing REDD+ implementation and ensuring the effectiveness of REDD+.

Poverty alleviation through Inclusive Growth in Africa: The dynamic capability of trade

The African continent has experienced sustained growth since 2000, which has led to the "emergence of Africa". However, the continent also ranked second in the world in terms of income inequality, after Latin America. This has raised concerns about the inclusiveness of African growth. The inclusiveness of growth is receiving increased attention in both academic and decision-making circles, with several definitions and means of measurement being proposed, which will tend to reveal a lack of unanimity. This work is made up of two parts. The first assesses the measurement of inclusive growth and the second assesses the relationship and the role of trade in promoting inclusive growth.
 For this paper, the degree of inclusiveness of African growth was calculated using the unified method of measuring inclusive growth based on 33 African countries over a period of 2000-2018. The findings show a slightly inclusive growth as a result of a rise in economic growth and a slight fall in inequality. The inquiry concerning the function of trade as one of the fundamental supporters of growth presents two ways that commercial exchange can impact inclusive development. 1) An indirect but significant route through GDP. 2) The direct benefits of trade on every social class, without the intervention of GDP growth. The linear regression reports non-significant results, indicating the indirect relationship between GDP growth and inclusive growth. The results imply that in addition to trade, as an important contributor to inclusive growth, there are other parameters like economic policies and development interventions.

The Impact of Armed Conflict on Children Health : Systematic Literature Review


 
 
 
 This study examines what armed conflict is for children and how to resolve it. It aims to develop where it affects early childhood in various countries disclosing the adverse consequences of armed conflict on health outcomes for children under five. Especially those who are exposed to the conflict. Although recent evidence suggests a significant and long-lasting detrimental effect of armed conflict on children's health, there needs to be more assessment of the effectiveness of various social and economic development interventions aimed at reducing the impact of armed conflict on children's health. The research method applied in this research is a systematic literature review using 113 scientific articles sourced from the Scopus database. Review articles using the Vosviewer application. the results of this study yield on the challenges faced by conflict-affected countries. Social funds, one of the main instruments used to promote development at the local level, can be used to reduce the impact of armed conflict on children's health and the role of UNICEF in helping the mental healing of these children. For children living in displaced households, specific interventions should be designed to reduce the impact of armed conflict. The articles used are only sourced from database coverage, so research findings cannot be comprehensively described on the issue of child health due to the armed war in their country. Conflict is a significant stress and social determinant of children's health. In the statements within this data scope, much of the data review available knowledge about the impact of armed conflict on children and support the recommendations in the accompanying Policy Statement on children and armed conflict. Future research needs to use scientific articles sourced from other reputable international databases, such as the Web of Science and Dimensions Scholars.
 
 
 

A perspective review on the paradigm shift in Local Economic Development interventions in developmental Uganda

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the success of one LED intervention – the youth livelihood program from obtainable literature.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk review method using secondary data from obtainable policy, theoretical and empirical literature.
 Findings: Results suggest a recurrent problem in the selection of beneficiaries, inept business management skills of the youth selected and/or administrative incompetence of fund administrators. Consequently, the need to refocus the current training on agricultural value addition training with a view of meeting the credit value criteria of Commercial Banks and relevant agencies tasked with disbursement of Youth Entrepreneurship Funds is key.
 Recommendations: It is encouraged that training of youth in business development, scaling, marketing, and management be integrated into the BTVET curriculum and supported by mentorship programs upon completion of their formal training. Also, mentorships and business incubators and/or hubs need to be set up and to be accessed by the youth themselves country wide.
 Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This analysis contributes to the LED policy and YLP practice seeing that it targets household level income generation, creation of prosperity and enhanced sources of revenue, as well as giving support to the active poor to progress basing on the available means.

Does green innovation induce green total factor productivity? Novel findings from Chinese city level data

Improving green total factor productivity (GTFP) is an important way to promote high-quality economic development. The “innovation dividend” based on green innovation is the key to enhancing green TFP. In this study, the effect of green innovation on GTFP in cities was empirically investigated. The results show that: (1) after including year and city-fixed effects and clustering over time and individuals, green innovation has a significant positive effect on GTFP. Financial development, population density, and environmental regulation correlate significantly negatively with GTFP, whereas urbanization promotes GTFP; (2) the effect of green innovation is more pronounced in the eastern region. The effect of green innovation on GTFP is more significant in non-resource-based cities or cities with higher levels of economic development or more government intervention; (3) the effect of green innovation on GTFP may be affected by the upgrading of industrial structure and innovation factor agglomeration. Cities where GTFP increases first have a first-mover advantage. After adding spatial factors to the model, a notable “positive spillover effect” of GTFP improvement can be observed in neighboring cities.

Understanding entrepreneurial ecosystems using complex adaptive systems theory: getting the big picture for economic development, practice, and policy

ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates how the theory of complex adaptive systems (CAS) and entrepreneurial ecosystems (EE) can be synthesized to create a comprehensive framework for understanding EEs as comprising dynamic and diverse actors, factors, and interdependencies. We adapt four elements common to CAS and propose a context-specific framework for explaining EEs through people, place, purpose, and process to provide insights for policy, development, and regulatory interventions. Motivated by the challenge to develop a practical and parsimonious framework for comprehensive EE analysis, we present a case study using a CAS approach to illustrate the nature of EEs as dynamic, interconnected social systems and identify opportunities for economic development interventions. The study offers a novel framework for system-level EE analysis, and in doing so, it contributes to entrepreneurial economic development, research, policy, and practice.

Predictions of carbon emission intensity based on factor analysis and an improved extreme learning machine from the perspective of carbon emission efficiency

Given the severe global warming situation, it is very important to explore the factors influencing carbon emission intensity and accurately analyze the trends in the development of carbon emission intensity to achieve the goal of reducing carbon emissions. In contrast with the existing research, this paper starts from the perspective of carbon emission efficiency, applies stochastic frontier analysis to screen the factors influencing carbon intensity, and constructs a model for predicting carbon emission intensity based on factor analysis and an extreme learning machine. The results suggest that, first, there is a high correlation between carbon emission efficiency and carbon emission intensity. Second, the level of economic development, industrial structure, urbanization level, and government intervention all promote a reduction in carbon emission intensity. The structure of energy consumption and dependence on foreign trade restrain reductions in carbon emission intensity. Finally, the proposed model accurately predicts carbon emission intensity. The research results provide theoretical support for the development of technologies to reduce carbon emissions. This idea can be applied to predict carbon emission intensity in different regions and has practical significance.

Supporting Small Businesses in Place

How do lawmakers support small businesses most deserving of assistance in places most in need of governmental support? As a means for approaching this question, this Essay examines two recent laws — the Paycheck Protection Program and the Opportunity Zone tax incentive. The Paycheck Protection Program was the cornerstone of the CARES Act, designed to keep employees on payroll during the worst parts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Opportunity Zone incentive was implemented to provide economic development stimulus to neighborhoods identified as needing capital investment following the Great Recession.Both laws purported to support small businesses. However, in practice, both failed to deliver promised capital to the most marginalized business owners in places most in need. In the case of the Paycheck Protection Program, larger businesses, including those with access to capital from other non-governmental sources, were able to access initial rounds of federal funds because of their close relationship with Small Business Administration-certified lenders. In the case of the Opportunity Zone incentive, although there is no official reporting, voluntary data collection indicates that most investments are flowing into large commercial real estate developments instead of small businesses.There are a number of implications and research questions arising from analysis of these laws. This Essay seeks to draw out additional similarities and differences between these two laws. It seeks to both offer a critique of the Biden Administration’s proposals with respect to economic development interventions supporting small businesses in places in need and suggest improvements to these laws, as well as future ones.

Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into pro-poor development initiatives: evidence from local economic development programmes in Ghana

ABSTRACT Climate change remains a serious threat to climate sensitive pro-poor development interventions in the Pru District of Ghana. This study examined how climate change impacts on Local Economic Development (LED) interventions, the extent to which climate change adaptation (CCA) initiatives are integrated into LED and the challenges associated with the mainstreaming process. Qualitative research design and purposive sampling was used to collect data from 28 respondents at the Pru District Assembly with an interview guide. The results show that climate change adversely affects the following LED programmes; beekeeping, micro-credit for agricultural development programme, and fishing net and outboard motor programmes. The findings further indicate that climate-smart Agriculture, aquaculture (Fish Cage Culture) and Sustainable natural resource utilization and management the CCA initiatives mainstreamed into pro-poor LED in the Pru District to reduce the inevitable impacts of climate change. The study identified multifaceted challenges militating against CCA mainstreaming in the District to include inadequate resources for CCA, inactive stakeholder and institutional collaboration, and lack of continuity of CCA programmes. This paper recommends strong government support for CCA programmes, commitment of adequate resources and effective stakeholder and institutional collaboration. The paper concludes that effective integration of CCA into pro-poor LED is a panacea to achieving sustainable local development.

Excluding Disadvantaged Businesses

Laws that subsidize small businesses frequently fail to reach owners most in need of governmental support. Small business owners, especially those who are historically marginalized and discriminated against, are particularly vulnerable in times of market crisis. However, in many instances, laws designed to support small businesses exclude certain disadvantaged businesses from competing in markets by denying government assistance. This is the first Article to place focus on the ways that well-intentioned laws designed to aid small businesses harm the most disadvantaged ones. I focus on several examples, including the recently enacted Paycheck Protection Program, federal and state procurement preferences, and social equity programs in recreational cannabis licensing. In each instance, laws designed to support disadvantaged businesses serve to exclude them. For example, the Paycheck Protection Program denied loans to business owners with certain criminal histories. Government procurement pro-grams create exclusionary costs for participation. Finally, state-level social equity programs in recreational cannabis licensing favor already entrenched owners at the expense of communities most impacted by the war on drugs. Lawmakers considering preferences for disadvantaged businesses ought to focus on the way the law excludes certain business owners. Government purchasing to favor owners based on sex and race, which face strict scrutiny review, ought to continue in ways that include new entrants in industry participation. At the same time, transfers of capital through loans, grants, and the tax code, ought to continue and expand to the extent that they remedy exclusion. To operationalize such proposals, economic justice campaigns, which have proliferated in recent years, can, and in some cases already do, advocate for economic development interventions that avoid excluding disadvantaged business.

English

The main objective of the article was to examine the forces that shape the behaviour of the actors in the local economic development implementation process in Accra Metropolitan, Keta Municipal and Shai-Osudoku District assemblies. Using qualitative data from multiple sources combined with multiple case studies, the study found that the three Metropolitan, Municipal and District assemblies implemented somewhat different LED strategies with multiple actors’ involvement. Lack of due diligence, weak and lack of institutional independence, absence of political leadership commitment, and political expediency negatively impacted LED implementation in the Accra Metropolitan and Keta Municipal Assemblies while Shai-Osudoku District Assembly had smooth local economic development implementation. Dynamics such as the land tenure system, micro and macro politics, administrative and institutional procedures, and political leadership shaped the behaviour of the actors in the three assemblies. Based on these, the study recommends that politicians should desist from interfering in LED issues; governments should consider the interests of local government units’ development needs in introducing local economic development interventions and broad consultations should be done before initiating local economic development initiatives. Key words: Actors, local economic development, LED interventions, metropolitan, municipal and district assemblies.

Related guarantee and implicit tunneling

This paper shows related guarantees increase corporate tunneling. The effect is more pronounce for firms with smaller size, higher liabilities, and poorer profitability. Implicit tunneling has a significant effect on the mechanism of tunneling and bank financing. However, individual tunneling shows a smaller and shorter term effect. Furthermore, economic development, time variant economic freedom, regional economic development, business-government relationship and government intervention are all significant variables that can explain variations in the magnitude of tunneling. Our results are robust in that we provide two Instrumental Variables that can further predict frauds of “unrelated” loans, implicit related transactions and textual analysis on corporate loan announcements.