Economic Development Of Spain Research Articles

Longevity trends in entrepreneurial activity. An analysis of the characteristics of senior entrepreneurship in Spain

PurposeOver the last decades, the development of entrepreneurial activity has allowed greater growth and economic development in Spain. However, within the analysis of Spanish entrepreneurial dynamics, insufficient attention has been paid to a key group: senior entrepreneurs. The fact that the first two decades of the 21st century have been accompanied by the two worst economic crises in remembrance since the Great Depression of the 1930s has had a great impact on the professional careers of the group of senior workers, whose careers have been cut short due to the closure of companies. In this way, the present work delves into the reality of senior entrepreneurs in Spain, analyzing the main characteristics of this group, which is becoming increasingly important in society.Design/methodology/approachUsing microdata from the Spanish National Statistics Institute's Labour Force Survey, the study focuses on reference persons who, being 50 years of age or over and actively working, work as an entrepreneur and have started their activity in the last 12 months. The study covers, in turn, the analysis period of the fourth quarters from 2005 to 2020. In relation to the methodology, the work focuses on the use of binary logistic regression techniques, given that the phenomenon to be studied is binary in nature: entrepreneurship or not.FindingsThe main conclusions drawn are the importance of sociodemographic factors such as educational level, age, the profession of the couple as well as the fact of having or not having children. The sector of activity and region are also significant. It is also concluded that senior entrepreneurship in Spain is of a necessary nature, considering the evolution of unemployment and decisions based on pension reform.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitations of the study refer to the lack of socioeconomic information. Thus, it would be interesting to know the link among the sociodemographic characteristics and the economic situation of the professionals, as well as the fact of whether they have started from a previous situation of unemployment or employment.Practical implicationsThe obtained conclusions allow progress to be made in the generation of economic policies aimed at the professional reorientation of a group of workers who, due to labor market circumstances, are obliged to end long professional careers and to seek alternatives. In fact, entrepreneurship is a viable professional alternative for these professionals.Originality/valueDespite the importance of senior professionals in the Spanish economy, more research is needed on their characteristics and needs. Despite important studies such as Socci et al. (2020) or Perez-Encinas et al. (2021), there are not many studies for the Spanish reality. This paper seeks to deepen the understanding of the sociodemographic characteristics of Spanish senior entrepreneurs, based on current public information and considering different stages of the economic cycle.

Skill‐Relatedness and Regional Economic Development in Spain during the International Crisis and the Post‐Crisis Period

AbstractThe aim of this research was to study the influence of related variety on the economic performance of Spanish provinces during the international crisis (2009–2013) and the post‐crisis period (2014–2018), with the goal of contributing to assess the validity of the skill‐relatedness approach. The research is based on labor flows in a sample of more than one million affiliated workers. Our results confirmed the influence of related variety on the growth of GDP and employment in knowledge‐based industries, in protecting against unemployment, as well as on the creation of new firms, although with marked differences according to the economic cycle. Robustness issues and possible lines of progress using this novel methodology are also discussed.

Agricultural exports and economic development in Spain during the first wave of globalisation

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to study the evolution of Spanish agricultural exports, their share of agricultural production as a whole, the determinants of their expansion and, finally, the contribution that they have made to economic development. Our results show considerable dynamism in agricultural exports, which however faced certain obstacles that limited any further expansion. Their share on production varied greatly, but for some relevant products it was fundamental, substantially contributing to its growth. The increase in external demand but also the comparatively high profitability of export products and a high level of competitiveness in the international market generated highly dynamic behaviour in supply. The contribution of the export sector to Spanish economic growth was positive although moderate. It contributed to financing necessary imports during the industrialisation process, favoured a more efficient allocation of resources and produced intersectoral linkages. However, the geographical concentration of production for export limited its spatial impact on the Spanish economy.

Regional inequality and economic development in Spain, 1860–2010

Fifty years ago Jeffrey G. Williamson suggested that during the process of economic development regional income differences trace out an inverted U-shaped pattern. Since then several studies have tested this hypothesis. Yet, most of these only explore particular stages of development. This study, however, investigates the long-term evolution of regional income inequality. Using a novel dataset spanning 150 years, we describe per-capita GDP disparities across Spanish provinces (NUTS3) from 1860 to 2010. Moreover, to gain a deeper understanding of regional inequality, we examine other relevant dimensions: modality, mobility and spatial clustering. Overall, the findings confirm the existence of an inverted U-shaped pattern. Furthermore, there appears to be two major phases. Between 1860 and 1930 the upswing in regional inequality was accompanied by a certain mobility in income class or rank. Then, regional convergence followed until the 1980s, but mobility was rather low and spatial clustering significantly increased. Thus, a map with ‘Two Spains’ emerged, and spatial polarization has become a major concern.

Фінансування регіонального розвитку Іспанії в контексті досягнення сталого розвитку

Проаналізовано досвід Іспанії у фінансуванні регіонального розвитку в контек-сті забезпечення сталого розвитку. Визначено джерела фінансування економічного розвитку регіонів Іспанії. Досліджено особливості фінансової стратегії розвитку регіонів в Іспанії. Розроблено практичні рекомендації щодо використання досвіду регіонального розвитку Іспанії для України.

Analysis of the Technical Efficiency of Urban Bus Services in Spain Based on SBM Models

During the first decade of the new millennium, fueled by the economic development in Spain, urban bus services were extended. Since the years 2008 and 2009, the root of the economic crisis, the improvement of these services is at risk due to economic problems. In this paper, the technical efficiency of the main urban bus companies in Spain during the 2004–2009 period are studied using SBM (slack-based measures) models and by establishing the slacks in the services' production inputs. The influence of a series of exogenous variables on the operation of the different services is also analyzed. It is concluded that only the 24% of the case studies are efficient, and some urban form variables can explain part of the inefficiency. The methodology used allows studying the inefficiency in a disaggregated way that other DEA (data envelopment analysis) models do not.

The relationship between height and economic development in Spain, 1850–1958

We investigate the relationship between height and some economic-development indicators in modern Spain by means of a recently constructed times series of data on conscripts. We estimate a Vector Autoregressive Equilibrium Correction Model (VECqM) to quantify the height and GDP per capita response to various living-standard indicators. We observe that conditions that perpetuate an elevated level of sickness and mortality and that raise the relative price of consumption goods tend to impede human growth, as reflected in a decline in average adult height, whereas factors that promote the purchase of health services and that help to open up the economy to international trade and ideas have tended to have an opposite effect from the 1850s onward. Our results also indicate that neither the level of per capita GDP nor its growth rate has a unidirectional relation to various measures of living standards, chiefly adult stature. Instead, our findings suggest that there may be behavioral factors (e.g., emphasis on health services), political factors (e.g., degree of openness), and economic factors (e.g., relative consumer costs to GDP deflator) whose affects may have been influenced the level of GDP, over the sample period.

Developing relationships within the framework of local economic development in Spain

This study is aimed at analysing the relationships between local development agencies and various actors from within their environments. The authors explore the applicability of a relationship marketing approach to local development and propose the influence of economic development objectives on the relational orientation of partnerships, as well as the correspondence between the relational orientation, the results obtained and the expectations of continuity. The empirical study focuses on particular cases of Spanish development agencies operating at local and regional level. A structural equations analysis in a sample of 174 relationships of 18 local development agencies evidences that while the relational orientation of internal relationships and lateral relationships with other development agents is hardly influenced by the objectives of economic development, the closeness of vertical relationships (residents, firms, tourists and local entrepreneurs) depends to a large extent on these objectives. Moreover, it has been confirmed the that effect of relational orientation on competitiveness, on efficient management, and on satisfaction, whereas the creation of infrastructures seems not to be a direct result. The authors conclude that managing relationships with suppliers and target groups as alliances, working together, sharing information, resolving conflicts satisfactorily, and sharing common values, will guarantee performance and resources management efficiency, and will ensure the continuity of fruitful relationships.

Decentralisation, Regulatory Burden and Economic Development in Spain

One of the contributions of the Chicago School to economic theory is that of underlining the importance of compliance costs on entrepreneurial activity and economic growth. From a business perspective, complying with general regulations and administrative red tape is a costly burden that may affect the competitiveness of the economy and the overall efficiency of the system. The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the effect of these compliance costs on Spanish regional economic development. The current situation of the State of the Autonomies in Spain provides a suitable scenario to test some of the main implications of the abovementioned thesis of considering regulation and compliance as costs for businesses. Indeed, the decentralisation of legislative and regulatory competences from the Central Government to the so called Self-governing Communities (Comunidades Autonomas) - which began in the early 1980s and has been progressively developed until these days - has generated a substantial variety of situations that may turn to be useful in empirically evaluating the effect of the exercise of the legislative and regulatory competences by the Self-governing Communities on their regional economic development and business activity. In practice, it is difficult to determine whether Spanish (or any other) authorities regulate in excess or not. The optimum level of regulation is nearly impossible to determine, among other issues, because it depends on the quality of regulation - which is very difficult to evaluate. However, it is possible to estimate the impact of the intensity of normative and regulatory activity of the Self-governing Communities on their regional economic performance. This paper aims to evaluate the evolution of legislative and regulatory decentralisation in Spain and its impact on economic development of the Spanish Self-governing Communities between 1988 and 2005, on the basis of certain objective proxies for legislative and regulatory activity (such as the number of pages published in the several Spanish official journals and legislative collections).

Economic Development in Spain, 1850–1936

Economic Development in Spain, 1850–1936

Pablo Martín Aceña Y James Simpson (eds.): The Economic Development of Spain since 1870, Aldershot, Elgar, 1995, xviii + 564 pp.

Pablo Martín Aceña Y James Simpson (eds.): The Economic Development of Spain since 1870, Aldershot, Elgar, 1995, xviii + 564 pp.

Employer identity and the politics of the labour market in Spain

The Confederation of Spanish Business Organisations (CEOE) has rarely been systematically analysed in terms of its role in the political and economic development of Spain. It is argued that the CEOE has indeed been influential in economic policy‐making and the formation of pro‐free market policies in Spain, albeit in a way not usually understood within many of the highly formalistic and institutionalist understandings of the relations between state and socio‐economic actors. The CEOE has played a part in forging an identity within the employer class through its interventions which is one of the pivots of Spain's limited engagements with concerted state and socially‐oriented responses to crisis and economic development since the mid‐1970s.

Provincial disparities in levels of living: The case of Spain, 1970?1981

Regional inequalities in economic development in Spain are widely recognised, but similar patterns of levels of living have been less studied. Some of the general factors which might contribute to regional inequalities are discussed. Although it is difficult to identify their precise role, it is argued that the pattern of economic growth, the character of regional economic structures, population distribution and urbanisation, return migration, and the nature of Spanish regional and local government all contribute in varying ways to inequalities in levels of living in different regions. Furthermore, they suggest that such inequalities have persisted throughout the 1970's. The regional patterns are then described and trends of change between 1970 and 1981 examined. The evidence suggests that the decade saw a widening dichotomy in levels of living in Spain with the south and west showing deterioration and the N and E showing relative improvement.

BOOK REVIEWS

Journal Article BOOK REVIEWS Get access TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SPAIN, ( O.E.C.D. 1968. 14/-). W. WOOD W. WOOD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Community Development Journal, Volume 3, Issue 3, July 1968, Page 162, https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/3.3.162 Published: 01 July 1968

Scientific research and economic development in Spain

Scientific research and economic development in Spain

The Economic Development of Spain. Report of a Mission organised by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development at the request of the Government of Spain

The Economic Development of Spain. Report of a Mission organised by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development at the request of the Government of Spain

The Economic Development of Spain

The Economic Development of Spain

The Economic Development of Spain

The Economic Development of Spain

The Economic Development of Spain.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsThe Economic Development of Spain.S. G. TriantisS. G. Triantis Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Political Economy Volume 72, Number 1Feb., 1964 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/258858 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1964 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The Economic Development of Spain.

The Economic Development of Spain.