Development Of Economic Relations Research Articles

Improvement of financial management tools of agricultural enterprises

Financial management of agricultural enterprises, like any other direction of managerial activity, is a complex system consisting of many interdependent elements that collectively determine the financial stability of the subject. The authors defined the principles of financial management in the system of management activities: the principle of complexity after the adoption of management decisions, the principle of variability of approaches to the development of management decisions, the principle of dynamism of management decisions, the principle of compliance of management decisions with the strategic goals of the enterprise. It has been established that the main goal, the achievement of which is aimed at managerial decisions within the framework of financial management, is to guarantee the financial stability of agricultural enterprises based on the organization of the competent distribution of financial resources, their use and movement, and that at the current stage of the development of economic relations, an important factor in increasing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises enterprises are using digital products that allow automating the management system of business entities. It was found that in order to increase the efficiency of the financial management system, agricultural enterprises need to improve financial resources management tools, one of which is the implementation of the Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP-system), which automates management activities. The use of such software products will allow: at the enterprise level – to improve the general financial condition and timely neutralization of threats capable of weakening the financial stability of entities; at the level of the national economy – to guarantee the financial security of the state. Improving the financial management system of agricultural enterprises based on the implementation of the ERP software product will allow to increase the effectiveness of management decisions in the field of financial resource management and, accordingly, significantly strengthen their financial stability.

Бізнес-процеси як об’єкт управління діяльністю сучасних підприємницьких структур

Based on the systematization and generalization of scientific publications, the content characteristics of functional and process models of management are determined. It is established that the process model of management was formed in the conditions of the post-industrial period of economic relations development. The main factor in its formation was the introduction of automated and integrated management systems in the conditions of innovative development. A modern enterprise is considered as a set of business processes that consistently form a chain of added value creation. Management tasks in the field of business process management involve the formation of a system of main and auxiliary business processes, determination of their functions and relationships, standardization of the content and sequence of operations, ensuring interaction and control of efficiency.

ARCTIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP: LEGAL ASPECTS

The article considers the issues of legal regulation of economic activities in the Arctic zone of Russia. The main areas of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Arctic for the development of entrepreneurial activity were studied. An analysis of a special subject of entrepreneurial activity in the Arctic zone of Russia, which receives the status of a resident, is given. Arctic economic activity has been identified at the current stage in Russia as an independent institution of entrepreneurial law, which in the future research will give a big impetus to development in terms of the adoption of regulatory legal acts. Based on the analysis of legal acts, the state, as a guarantor of the development of economic relations, is obliged to subsidize with cash the main types of small and medium-sized entrepreneurial activities in the Arctic zone of Russia, and on the other hand, large commercial companies must reimburse the costs for manufacturers of local products. It was proposed to develop electronic trade on the territory of Russia, accordingly, there is a need to connect all Arctic entities to high-speed Internet. It was concluded that for the legal regulation of complex relations, the Arctic Code of Russia should be adopted.

Current trends in the development of digital financial and payment market in Azerbaijan

Aim. To consider the key aspects of digital transformation of the financial sector in the context of large-scale changes taking place in the digital financial sphere.Objectives. To determine the sequence of actions of the Central Bank of Azerbaijan in the direction of cashless economy; to study the change in the architecture of the financial sector in connection with advanced financial technologies; to study the problems of FinTech providers of new financial technologies as a result of the introduction of the concept of open banking.Methods. The dialectical approach to analyzing the key phenomena and regularities contributing to the development of economic relations, as well as a systematic approach to revealing the main factors of development of digital transformation of the financial and payment sector served as the methodological basis of the research. Along with this, such methods of scientific analysis of socio-economic phenomena and processes as statistical, comparative, fundamental and functional analysis, expert assessments and modeling were used. The theoretical basis was formed by the final results of fundamental and applied research, reflected in periodicals, a number of monographs, materials of scientific conferences.Results. The Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan with the purpose of expanding the process of application of innovative financial technologies on the basis of advanced technological solutions and thus supporting FinTech activities has started to implement measures on formation of appropriate legislative bases for introduction of open banking and technological infrastructure. The main reason for people’s decreasing attachment to traditional banking is the availability of digital banking services in a convenient and easy way, without wasting time and waiting in long queues.Conclusions. Azerbaijan has formed a positive trend in the development of digital banking, which can be considered one of the main challenges of modernity. Today, digital banking in Azerbaijan is replacing traditional banking services. The emergence of prominent FinTech providers of new financial technologies as a result of the introduction of the concept of open banking, which allows individual banks and customers to share financial information with third parties, is changing the status quo of the financial ecosystem. This new paradigm has the potential to transform the traditional financial services ecosystem into a dynamic and competitive environment where startups and small innovative companies, competing with larger providers, offer new products and services. A positive trend in the development of digital banking as one of the main challenges of modernity has emerged in Azerbaijan. Today digital banking in Azerbaijan displaces traditional banking services.

Prospects for Strengthening Economic Relations Between Cities and Rural Areas (According to the Results of the Survey of Agricultural Producers)

An urgent scientific and practical task is to develop ties and strengthen cooperation between cities and rural areas. Agricultural producers are one of the key participants in such cooperation in the economic sphere. In this regard, it is advisable to take their opinion into account when determining prospects, developing measures and tools for the development of rural-urban relations. The article is devoted to the substantiation of promising directions for the development of economic relations between cities and rural territories based on the results of a survey of heads of agricultural organizations and farms of the Vologda Region. It is established that the most relevant and promising, according to agricultural producers, areas of development of rural-urban relations, cooperation are agriculture and agriculture in general, as well as the field of education. It has been revealed that the main links between agricultural organizations and firms, organizations, institutions located in cities are: conducting laboratory research in urban institutions; training and advanced training of employees of agricultural organizations in educational institutions of cities; marketing of agricultural products to processing enterprises, shops, retail chains of cities and buying from urban enterprises of raw materials, materials, equipment needed in agricultural production; implementation of joint investment projects. The directions of strengthening and development of rural-urban relations in the mentioned directions are proposed.

Law enforcement function of the state in the field of intellectual property protection

In the conditions of innovative development of economic relations, the role of the law enforcement function of the state is increasing, which requires its authorised bodies and officials to ensure the guaranteed rights of citizens to protect their property and personal non-property rights in the field of intellectual property according to the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. This problematic issue remains relevant for the majority of intellectual property rights holders. The purpose of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of the law enforcement function of the state in ensuring the protection of certain objects of intellectual property. The methodological basis of the research consists of a set of general scientific and special methods and techniques of scientific cognition, including philosophical, metaphysical, deductive and inductive methods, methods of abstraction, modelling, and forecasting, which in combination helped to achieve the set goal. Based on the analysis of a significant number of regulatory legal acts and scientific opinions, research on the law enforcement function of the state in the field of intellectual property, which covers a wide range of private and public interests, has been conducted. The implementation of these constitutional provisions lies in creating proper and effective economic conditions for attracting investments in innovative product creation, and in case of their violation, the state, through its authorised bodies, is obliged to ensure the protection of violated rights. Attention is drawn to the specifics of the main law enforcement functions of the state, which provide for the creation of necessary conditions and stimulation of authors (creators) to obtain the result of creative activity, promote the free use (circulation) of the results of intellectual activity, protection of violated or contested intellectual property rights. It is emphasised that national legislation contains a list of actions that constitute a violation of intellectual property rights, which provide grounds for administrative or judicial protection. Existing gaps in legal protection of intellectual property are analysed. Attention is paid to the state of legislative reflection of the interests of participants in relations in the field of artificial intelligence, determination of the grounds and consequences of legal regulation in the European Union and Ukraine. The results of the work can be used by lawyers as well as by officials of state bodies ensuring the law enforcement function of the state in the researched sphere of relations

Engagement of European Countries in the Implementation of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy (Part 2)

Globalization has contributed to the development of economic relations between Europe and the Indo-Pacific. However, after 2011 they were influenced by the American “pivot to Asia” and the shift of US attention from countering international terrorism to rivalry with the “revisionist” powers — Russia and China. In 2019, with the adoption of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy, China became their main regional rival. The rivalry with him provided for the Americans to unite their Asian allies in a network of managed formal alliances, as well as to connect Great Britain and France to solving strategic tasks. On February 11, 2022, a new Indo-Pacific strategy of the United States appeared. This document emphasized the strategic value and increasing role of Great Britain, France, the EU and NATO in Indo-Pacific and set the task of building bridges between the Indo-Pacific and Euro-Atlantic regions. The main role in its solution was assigned to AUKUS, a trilateral military alliance of the United States, Great Britain and Australia, created on September 15, 2021. At about the same time, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the European Union approved their own strategies in Indo-Pacific. They had in common an unwillingness to see China as the main opponent in the context of the US-Chinese rivalry. At the same time, the documents did not indicate that Europe was equidistant from global rivals. On the one hand, being part of the collective West, the EU demonstrated its support to America, on the other, being the most important economic partner of the Celestial Empire, it refused to see it as an existential threat to its security. Against this background, a similar British document published in March 2021 stood out, characterized by a hostile attitude towards China. However, significant differences in the strategies of European countries were offset by their membership in NATO. At the Alliance summit in Madrid in June 2022 the Europeans, together with other allies, proclaimed a strategic course for “systemic rivalry” with the PRC in the context of the interconnection of the security of the Euro-Atlantic and the development of the situation in the Indo-Pacific. With the signing of the NATOEU joint declaration in Brussels on January 10, 2023, there was a further rapprochement of the two Western structures on an anti-Chinese basis, as well as the complete subordination of Europe to the interests of American global policy.

ЕКОНОМІЧНА ДИПЛОМАТІЯ УКРАЇНИ В СУБРЕГІОНІ ПІВДЕННО-СХІДНОЇ АЗІЇ

It was established that according to the ASEAN Charter there are 3 types of cooperation: Dialogue Partnerships, Sectoral Dialogue Partnerships, Development Partnerships, and there are separate observer and guest statuses. The possibility of non-Southeast Asian countries the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia was studied, and Ukraine’s experience of joining the Treaty since 2017 was analyzed. It was emphasized that although the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia was a symbol of good-neighborly relations between ASEAN countries, it was also considered as a contractual basis for regional cooperation and as a necessary condition for joining ASEAN. A list of appropriate measures to improve the development of economic relations between Ukraine and the ASEAN countries is recommended.

Modern aspects of the livestock industry development, considering the analysis of consumer preferences for meat and meat products

In the modern conditions of the development of economic relations, consumer behavior in relation to the choice, purchase and consumption of food has been significantly transformed. This state of affairs encourages market participants to seriously change their approaches to working with consumers, the basis of which should be a multifactorial study of consumer preferences. At the moment, this transformation is of particular interest in the main markets, which include the meat and meat products market. This article attempts to study the transformation of consumer preferences for meat and meat products in modern conditions. Special attention is focused on such a parameter as the product quality. In the course of the study, a model was proposed for evaluating the decision-making process on the purchase of meat and meat products by the consumer, considering the essential factors of choice, the results of the marketing research were presented, the main conclusions regarding the transformation of consumer preferences were formulated, the importance of such criteria as product safety, animal husbandry, environmental impact was assessed. On the part of consumer organizations, the interrelation of such criteria forming the quality of the product as freshness, compliance with microbiological indicators, compliance with temperature control, which are currently a priority when choosing a supplier, is evaluated. The main conclusions are presented, which allow to consider the main promising areas of development of organizations engaged in meat production. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility for organizations operating in this market to create successful marketing strategies and will significantly make the manufactured products of the quality necessary for the consumer.

Engagement of European Countries in the Implementation of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy (Part 1)

Globalization has contributed to the development of economic relations between Europe and the Indo-Pacific. However, after 2011 they were influenced by the American “pivot to Asia” and the shift of US attention from countering international terrorism to rivalry with the “revisionist” powers — Russia and China. In 2019, with the adoption of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy, China became their main regional rival. The rivalry with him provided for the Americans to unite their Asian allies in a network of managed formal alliances, as well as to connect Great Britain and France to solving strategic tasks. On February 11, 2022, a new Indo-Pacific strategy of the United States appeared. This document emphasized the strategic value and increasing role of Great Britain, France, the EU and NATO in Indo-Pacific and set the task of building bridges between the Indo-Pacific and Euro-Atlantic regions. The main role in its solution was assigned to AUKUS, a trilateral military alliance of the United States, Great Britain and Australia, created on September 15, 2021. At about the same time, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the European Union approved their own strategies in Indo-Pacific. They had in common an unwillingness to see China as the main opponent in the context of the US-Chinese rivalry. At the same time, the documents did not indicate that Europe was equidistant from global rivals. On the one hand, being part of the collective West, the EU demonstrated its support to America, on the other, being the most important economic partner of the Celestial Empire, it refused to see it as an existential threat to its security. Against this background, a similar British document published in March 2021 stood out, characterized by a hostile attitude towards China. However, significant differences in the strategies of European countries were offset by their membership in NATO. At the Alliance summit in Madrid in June 2022 the Europeans, together with other allies, proclaimed a strategic course for “systemic rivalry” with the PRC in the context of the interconnection of the security of the Euro-Atlantic and the development of the situation in the Indo-Pacific. With the signing of the NATO-EU joint declaration in Brussels on January 10, 2023, there was a further rapprochement of the two Western structures on an anti-Chinese basis, as well as the complete subordination of Europe to the interests of American global policy.

Main Trends in the Development of Economic Relations Between Japan and People’s Republic of China in the XXI Century

This article is devoted to the study of economic relations between Japan and the PRC in 2000–2020. The main indicators of bilateral trade, its structure, indicators of bilateral foreign direct investment between Japan and the PRC are presented and analyzed in the article. An assessment of the current state of Japanese-Chinese economic relations was given, factors affecting their development over the past 20 years were determined using the method of generalization of research materials, methods of comparative and correlation analysis of data, analytical method of information processing. The authors conclude that during the period under review, economic cooperation between Japan and China in trade and investments is expanding and strengthening, and their economic interdependence is increasing. The interest of Japanese corporations in carrying on business and opening branches in the PRC is indicated as the main factor of development. Political instability in bilateral Japanese-Chinese relations is indicated as a deterrent. The authors emphasize that in order to further increase the successful and stable development of economic partnership, the two states need to take specific steps for the purpose of political rapprochement and finding a compromise on controversial issues.

The Future Role of International Trade Risk Elimination and Investment Promotion in the Development of Economic Relations Between Azerbaijan and Latvia

Abstract After regaining its state independence, Azerbaijan got a favorable opportunity to enter the world market. The income from the country’s rich oil and gas resources served to rapidly increase the gross domestic product. Today, the government of Azerbaijan is preparing an action plan for the development of the non-oil sector in order to reduce the country’s dependence on oil and gas exports. In particular, there are some economic spheres that have a great need to be revived and have the main share in budget revenues. Although Azerbaijan has left behind most of its competitors in the viticulture and winemaking sector for many years, in the current conditions this sector relies on foreign investments for its development. Although tourism opportunities in Azerbaijan are very wide, the level of service in hotels and recreation centers is very low. Expensive prices in return for the level of service provided have a negative impact on the growth of Azerbaijan’s tourism revenues. Unfortunately, there are also serious problems in the development of the forestry and machine-building industries and wheat production in the country. Latvia has already specialized and has some experience in exporting in the listed economic sectors in Eastern Europe. The entry of Latvian investment into Azerbaijan will serve to strengthen economic relations between the two countries and maximize mutual income. In the research work, these issues will be considered and analyzed separately by economic spheres.

Shadow Aspects of Russian-Chinese Relations: Ways of Prevention on the Territory of the Baikal Region

In the context of increased foreign policy and foreign economic aggression of foreign countries against Russia in connection with recent events, the preservation and development of economic relations between our country and friendly countries is of particular importance. Russia currently receives the most significant support within the framework of economic cooperation with the People's Republic of China. However, today there are significant challenges and threats to economic security in this area, both for the Russian state as a whole and for its subjects, including the Baikal region. The article considers three shadow aspects of Russian-Chinese relations in the Baikal region: illegal logging and export of forests to China; construction of tourist camps and private homes of Chinese citizens on agricultural lands and specially protected natural territories; shadow sale of natural minerals of the Baikal region to the People's Republic of China. The analysis of indicators confirming the presence of the shadow sector within the framework of Russian-Chinese economic cooperation in the Baikal region is carried out. The authors of the article propose ways to minimize the shadow component of Russian-Chinese relations in the field of forest management, land use and subsoil use in the studied subjects of the Russian Federation.

On the Relationship of the Residential Lease Agreement and the Hotel Services Agreement

There are a lot of difficulties with the qualification of contracts in law enforcement practice, which is explained by the complexity and the constant development of economic relations. One of the problems recently encountered by domestic courts relates to the distinction between the contract of rental accommodation and the contract of hotel services. At the moment there is no unity of the courts’ positions on the criteria of differentiation of these contracts, which requires a scientific assessment of this issue. The aim of the article was to form a theoretically grounded approach to the criteria of delimitation of the contract of lease of residential premises and the contract of hotel services. In order to achieve this aim we have set the following tasks: 1) to determine the features of the contract of tenancy and the contract for hotel services; 2) to explore the approaches existing in judicial practice; 3) to formulate criteria for distinguishing these contracts. The article was prepared with the use of general scientific methods (system, logical) and special legal methods (comparative-legal, formal-legal). The author comes to the conclusion that when differentiating a residential lease agreement and a hotel services contract, one should proceed from the presence or absence of a purpose of residence, which is characterized by a long-term legal relationship, the binding of a citizen to a given locality and independence in maintaining the premises in a condition suitable for living and meeting household needs.

A set of reference indicators of the management reporting system of agribusiness organizations based on ESG principles in the sustainable development circuit

The article provides a theoretical justification of approaches to the development of a methodology for reporting on sustainable development to support decision- making in the management system of agricultural organizations in the context of the implementation of the concept of «Green Economy» based on ESG principles. Integration of the principles of sustainable development into information and analytical tools within the framework of the implementation of the concept of «Green Economy» based on ESG principles is a strategic task of the domestic agro-industrial complex. Adaptation of traditional tools of strategic management accounting, such as: elements of a balanced scorecard, a strategic map, plays an important role in order to maintain the competitiveness of the domestic agricultural sector in unstable economic and political conditions. The dynamic development of economic relations has influenced the use of new methodological solutions, including in relation to the information and analytical system of agricultural organizations. In order to promptly obtain the necessary data, form and present in management accounting information about the level and dynamics of sustainable development of agro-industrial complex organizations and make important management decisions, an analytical tool is required that allows monitoring the implementation of the «Green Economy» concept based on ESG principles in terms of strategic branches of the agro-industrial complex in a short time.

The Long Road to a Social Dividend

Earth4all is an international initiative to accelerate the systemic change necessary for an equitable future on a planet with limited resources. As its founders note, “Combining cutting-edge science with new economic thinking, Earth4All was designed to identify the transformations needed for shared prosperity.” This article, written by a participant of the Earth4All initiative, presents the original concept of the “social dividend” as one possible option for the development of economic relations in the world. This article was previously published as part of a series on the transformation of economic systems. Published in Russian for the first time.

THE DEFINITION AND LEGAL NATURE OF ELECTRONIC SERVICES IN UKRAINE

The scientific article analyzes the concept and legal nature of electronic services in Ukraine. The need to define the concept and legal nature of electronic services in Ukraine is due to the urgent need to research this institute in connection with the development of economic relations and the development of business and information technologies. The possibility of using electronic services significantly saves time and resources, simplifies the process of obtaining the necessary documents and shortens bureaucratic procedures. The principle positions and evaluations implemented in the research process are determined by the theoretical views of scientists on electronic services. Therefore, in the article ere defined the following characteristics of a service can be distinguished: 1) a service is a specific activity; 2) has no material embodiment; 3) consumed in the execution process; 4) the results of such «consumption» can be used in the future. It is also defined that a service is a certain activity of subjects that does not have a material embodiment, is consumed in the process of execution, and the result of such activity can be used in the future. It is underlined the following features of electronic service provided under civil law: the possibility of receiving the service remotely via the Internet; the existence of a contract or other legal act for the provision of a service that regulates relations between the parties; mandatory compliance with the requirements of the law on consumer protection and other norms of civil law; transparency and comprehensibility of the terms of service provision for the recipient; responsibility for low-quality or improper service provision; does not «require» personal presence. It is given the definition of the concept of electronic service from the point of view of certain actions. It is also defined the legal nature of electronic service agreement.

EXİSTİNG PROBLEMS İN THE SPHERE OF DEVELOPMENT OF İNTERNATİONAL TRADE İN THE REPUBLİC OF AZERBAİJAN

EXİSTİNG PROBLEMS İN THE SPHERE OF DEVELOPMENT OF İNTERNATİONAL TRADE İN THE REPUBLİC OF AZERBAİJAN

Convergence of selection calculations and management reporting in agribusiness organizations

The article provides a theoretical justification for the convergence of selection indices used in the livestock and crop production industry. Integration of selection calculations and information and analytical tools within the framework of the implementation of the Import Substitution Program in terms of seed production is a strategic task of the domestic agro-industrial complex. Adaptation of traditional tools of strategic management accounting, such as: elements of a balanced scorecard, a strategic map, plays an important role in order to maintain the competitiveness of the domestic agricultural sector in unstable economic and political conditions. The dynamic development of economic relations has influenced the use of new methodological solutions, including in relation to the information and analytical system of agricultural organizations. In order to promptly obtain the necessary data, form and present in management accounting information about the level and dynamics of selection achievements of agricultural organizations and make important management decisions, an analytical tool is required that allows monitoring the development of the level of import substitution of strategic industries in a short time.

POLITICAL REGIME AS A SYMPTOM OF ECONOMIC CRIME AND THE PROBLEM OF ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE

The democratic regime of the state acts as a guarantor of economic security, but authoritarian and totalitarian political regimes are a problem on the way to the formation of a perfect index of democracy. In this article, a study was conducted to determine the quantitative reflection of the state of democracy on the example of 167 different countries of the European Union, as well as an analysis of this index in Ukraine. According to the methodology for assessing the level of democracy, the following political regimes should be distinguished: full democracy, imperfect democracy, countries with a transitional (hybrid) regime, and an authoritarian regime. The result of the study of the democracy index of the countries of the European Union is that a significant minority of countries have a regime of full-fledged democracy, while the majority of countries have an incomplete democracy. Analyzing the situation in Ukraine, it is worth noting that the democracy index is quite unstable, because the methods of governance change radically with the change of the head of state. The purpose of this article is to inform about the situation with the democratic regime in European countries and in Ukraine, namely the democracy index, which is a factor in guaranteeing economic security. This article draws attention to the factors of creating a democratic space that affect the development of economic relations and the state of economic security of countries, which is relevant. The obtained results reveal the question of the tendency to decrease or increase the index of democracy, as well as the reasons for this movement. The practical value is determined in the results of the study, which can be used to analyze the consequences of the decline, or on the contrary, the increase, of the indicators of the democracy index, how the influence of the political regime occurs, and what changes in society and the life of the state it entails. According to the conclusions drawn from the research on the example of the countries of the European Union and Ukraine, it is also possible to create and implement new methods of improving the democracy index, moving to a higher level (from an authoritarian regime to full democracy), which will ensure a decrease in the manifestation of economic crime and problems of guaranteeing economic state security.