Economic Connections Research Articles

Research on the Economic Radiation Measurement of Surrounding Cities in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area

By establishing a comprehensive index system of cities, this paper uses gravity model to measure the economic connection intensity of cities in Guangdong Province, and divides cities into four levels by k-means clustering analysis. The first level city is Guangzhou, which ranks first in the total economic connection intensity of the whole Guangdong Province. The second tier cities are Shenzhen and Foshan; The third tier cities are Dongguan, Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Huizhou. The rest of the cities ranked fourth. Combining qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, this paper puts forward two suggestions on "measuring the economic radiation of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to the surrounding cities" : strengthening the economic strength and strengthening the radiation subjects; Make use of location advantages to improve traffic accessibility.

A Study Evaluating the Problems and Challenges Faced by the Employees of the Indian Telecom Industry

The nation's economic expansion, connectivity, and digital transformation are all greatly aided by the telecom sector in India. However, workers in this industry frequently face difficulties including fierce competition, interruptions from technology, changes in regulations, and unstable employment. Despite these challenges, the sector is nevertheless vital to India's society, trade, and communication growth. This research paper was conducted with the focus on evaluating the problems and challenges faced by the employees of the Indian Telecom Industry. Text mining technique using the qualitative tool NVIVO 12 has been used in the current study. It is was found that the most important challenges faced by the employees of the Indian Telecom Industry are High workload, Intense competition among companies, Technological advancements, Network congestion, Poor infrastructure, Security concerns and Work-life balance. Whereas, minor challenges faced by the employees of the Indian Telecom Industry are Gender discrimination, Limited career growth, Language barriers, Increasing Customer expectations, and Rapid changes in consumer preferences

BENDRUOMENĖS KŪRIMOSI SVARBA IR NAUDA GYVENAMOJOJE VIETOVĖJE: X MIESTO ATVEJIS

Community building is an important macro and micro phenomenon. This means that the community is economically important in terms of the state's financial resources, their improvement, and growth. The micro-scale is extremely important when it comes to social factors that affect every resident. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to analyze the importance and benefits of community building in the case of X city. The literature section provides insights into the benefits and importance of community building. The concept of community building is analyzed. The study found that the importance and benefits of community building in a residential area include three of the most important and beneficial factors: economic, social, and health connections. During the research, it was revealed that in the presence of a community, the economic factors of the residents became much higher: increasing the awareness of new and small businesses, establishing long-term relationships, promoting business. Social connections are another extremely important phenomenon, thanks to which communities are created. Members of the community make new acquaintances more easily, it is easy for the settlers to get involved in the activities of the community, it promotes the quality of life and safety. Health connections and the interconnectedness of the benefits and importance of community building are another population influencer. It is extremely significant in terms of health, due to the constantly held competitions, which promote the active life of community members, and as a result, the quality of health.

Assessment of national economic repercussions from Shanghai’s COVID-19 lockdown

In today’s increasingly specialized and fragmented sectoral chain, as well as increasingly close economic connections between regions, regional economic fluctuations caused by natural or human factors can be transmitted through the interregional economic network to external regions, causing losses. The assessment of external losses is the foundation for fully understanding the impact of emergencies and taking effective response measures. On the basis of the MRIO model, this paper constructs a model of the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown in Shanghai on the national economy and investigates the impact of artificial controls on the economies of various regions and sectors in China after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicate that the external losses caused by regional emergencies are much greater than the local losses. Second, the sectors with the greatest GDP losses caused by Shanghai’s lockdown are wholesale and retail, whereas the sectors with the greatest decline are metal product manufacturing, machinery and equipment maintenance services. Finally, the impact of Shanghai’s lockdown on other regions is not significantly related to their economic size or geographical location.

China–ASEAN Tourism Economic Relationship Network: A Geopolitical Risk Perspective

Despite extensive research on the network structure of tourism destinations, literature on the spatial network structure of cross-border tourism–economic connections is relatively limited, specifically the complex geopolitical relationship between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Thus, in this study we explored the relevant characteristics and influencing factors of the spatial structure of tourism economic networks. The results first indicate that the China–ASEAN tourism economic network exhibits distinct stage characteristics, with an ‘N’-shaped fluctuating growth trend, evolving from a point-like network to a multipolar development in spatial structure. In addition, China demonstrates a distinctive personality in the network and occupies a central leadership position. Secondly, an analysis of influencing factors shows that institutional distance and geographic distance have a significant impact on the network. Geopolitical risk plays a notable indirect moderating role in the network through its association with tourism policies and regulations, tourism promotion, and cooperation. This further reveals the diverse pathways through which geopolitical risk affects the network, providing a novel perspective for research on the tourism economic network.

Multiple environmental regulations and green technology innovation: a boundary theory perspective

Purpose Based on boundary theory, the authors try to clarify the boundaries of multiple environmental regulations. This paper aims to explore the strategic choices of multiple environmental regulations, analyze their spatial impact on green technology innovation and clarify the implementation priorities of multiple environmental regulations in various regions. Design/methodology/approach The authors construct an asymmetric response model based on the boundary theory perspective to analyze the strategic choices of different environmental regulations. In addition, dynamic spatial econometric methods are used to empirically analyze the differentiated regulatory boundaries of command-control type, market-incentive and voluntary-participation in environmental regulations and their spatial effects on green technology innovation. Findings Strict compulsory boundaries are formed in China when the command-control and market-incentive types are selected in a dynamic spatial and competitive game environment. When voluntary participation is selected, strict compulsory or loose basic boundaries are formed in each region. The command-control type is highly dependent on geographical distance, the market-incentive type is more dependent on an economic connection and the voluntary-participation type has obvious spatial spillover effects under the spatial weight matrix of geographical distance and economic connection. When Eastern China chooses voluntary participation in environmental regulation, the incentive effect on green technology innovation is the strongest. Middle China is the market-incentive type, and Western China is the command-control type. Command-control type and market-incentive type form strong complementary effects in dynamic spatial environments. Originality/value From the boundary theory perspective, this study analyzes the differentiated dynamic spatial boundaries of command-control, market-incentive and voluntary-participation in environmental regulations. Analyze the spatial impact of multiple environmental regulations on green technology innovation and clarify the implementation priorities of multiple environmental regulations in various regions.

Silver from the North

Following Strabo, the mines at Damastion and in its wider region have traditionally been localized in western Illyria. But for several reasons the only known ancient silver mine, west of the Axios, in the Openika hills up modern Ohrid, is no option. Findspots of coins of the Damastion type, minted after the Chalkidian model, however hint at the wider Skupi/Skopje basin as an area of circulation and as a center of silver commerce. Two ancient mining districts can be located not far off, to its east and north, in the regions of Kratovo (in modern North Macedonia) and (somewhat later) Ulpianum (in Kosovo or southern Serbia). From both districts, in the first half of the 4th c., mineral silver travelled south via the Axios Valley and the Anthemous region to the federal Chalkidian mint at Olynthos. The mines in the Kratovo district bordered on Hellenized Paionia, whereas those in the north, belonging to Dardania, were far less in touch with Greek civilization. Damastion’s location, probably in the Paionian borderlands, accounts for the Greek character of its coins. They became models for those from Dardanian mines which, however, soon fell off Greek standards. Nonetheless, Damastion kept close connections with the Chalkidians: soon after the Peloponnesian War it had been founded by the Mendaians and other groups including refugees from Aigina. Chalkidian economic connections with the Dardanian north, based on silver trade, were an impulse for a defensive alliance that the Illyro-Dardanian king Grabos concluded around 357 with the Chalkidians against Philip. Extremely short-lived, it was cancelled by the Olynthians when they accepted Philip’s offer of a symmachy. They threw the stele inscribed with their Dardanian alliance into a river flowing by their city even before it was fully incised.

USE OF THE REGRESSION METHOD IN IDENTIFYING THE CAUSAL LINK AND THE INTERFERENCES BETWEEN ACCOUNTING-FISCAL-AUDIT

The fiscal pressure generated by the current economic connection, the countless legislative changes and their rapid evolution highlight the importance of one of the fundamental principles of accounting, namely the going concern hypothesis, an increasing number of companies, facing foresight difficulties, being unable to say for certain that these conditions can ensure a normal performance of their activity, and under these conditions, the attention, professional reasoning and responsibility of the auditors are extremely important. For the purpose of identifying the links between accounting, taxation and audit, respectively to assess the impact of determinants, fiscal pressure, indebtedness degree, auditor type, key audit aspects, turnover on business continuity, and, for ,,top traded” to BSE entities in the period 2018-2022, two econometric models were proposed, namely a multiple OLS linear regression and an OLS regression with the option Polled OLS. The study found that there is a significant link between the variables, the change in the dependent variable being influenced by 19% of the change in the independent variables, all hypotheses are confirmed by the results obtained.

India's "Act East" Policy and Northeast India: Prospects and Challenges

An important feature of India’s eastward engagement is the role and significance of India’s Northeast region. The significance of the Northeast region for India’s eastward engagement comes from its geographical proximity and socio - cultural linkages with India’s eastern neighbours, providing ample scope and opportunities for promoting economic integration and connectivity, besides enhancing socio - cultural engagements. Realising this potential, the role and participation of Northeast India came to be emphasised as a crucial component of the Look East Policy. With the transition from ‘Look East’ to ‘Act East’ Policy since 2014, the role and significance of Northeast India in India’s eastward engagement has been given added emphasis. Despite its tremendous potential, the Northeast region is beset with problems and challenges such as underdevelopment, political instability and poor governance, which have hindered the unlocking of the full potential of the region. There is also participation deficit of the region in the formulation and execution of India’s ‘neighbourhood policy. ’ In order to transform the potential of the region into reality, there is a need for ensuring the effective participation and integration of the Northeast region in the “Act East” Policy.

Exploring circulation dynamics in Han Dynasty China: insights from isotopic analysis of lead glazed pottery

This study investigates lead provenance and circulation patterns in Han Dynasty (202BC-220AD) China through the analysis of lead glazed pottery. Four objects were studied using a combination of typological study, elemental chemistry and lead isotope ratio analysis. The results for each object were compared with databases of ‘lead mining districts’ (lead deposits) and ‘lead usage districts’ (lead-containing artifacts unearthed in different spatial and temporal ranges) to assess the lead sources used for each sample and offers a spatial-temporal range of the use of these lead resources. Three distinct groups of lead and their possible circulating spatial-temporal scales are identified across six samples in this study. A possible change in lead supply networks between the Western Han Dynasty (202BC-9AD) and the Eastern Han Dynasty (25AD-220AD) is proposed. This study also highlights the probable changes in the movement of lead resources from the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty (618AD-690AD), suggesting improvements in long-distance transport capabilities, and the development of economic divisions and exchange connections in ancient Chinese society. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the economic and political dynamics during the Han Dynasty and emphasize the significance of lead isotope analysis of glazed pottery in exploring resource movement.

The Impact of the Difficult Economic Situation on the Operation of Slovak Companies in the Shadow of War

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the organizational and human resource (HR) responses to the challenging economic conditions caused by the war and the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the limited evidence available on how organizations adapt to such crises, this research aims to develop a conceptual model and empirically investigate the influence of two specific factors: organizational size and direct economic ties with the Russian and Ukrainian markets. Methodology: This study employs a mixed-method approach, combining both theoretical and empirical research. A conceptual model was first developed to outline potential organizational reactions to crisis conditions. The empirical part of the study involved data collection from 128 organizations, including companies and institutions, in Slovakia. The analysis was conducted to test two hypotheses regarding how organizational size and economic connections with the Russian and Ukrainian markets affect organizational and HR responses in times of war. Findings: The findings of the study indicate that neither organizational size nor direct economic linkages with the Russian and Ukrainian markets significantly influenced the responses of the organizations studied to the economic difficulties caused by the war. This suggests that other factors may play a more critical role in shaping organizational and HR strategies in response to crises. Implications for theory and practice: For theory, this study contributes to the existing literature by challenging the assumption that organizational size and direct economic ties to conflict-affected markets are primary determinants of organizational responses to crisis. For practice, the findings suggest that managers and HR professionals need to consider a broader range of factors beyond size and market exposure when developing strategies to cope with economic disruptions caused by global crises. Originality and value: This research is original in its focus on the specific impacts of war and pandemic-induced economic conditions on organizations in Slovakia. The study provides valuable insights into how organizations navigate crises, expanding the understanding of crisis management and organizational adaptability. It adds value by highlighting the need for more comprehensive models that consider a wider array of factors influencing organizational behavior in times of global economic disruption.

Connections and Spatial Network Structure of the Tourism Economy in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei: A Social Network Perspective

In the context of the coordinated development of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, examining the spatial connections and network structure characteristics of the tourism economy holds substantial theoretical and practical significance. This study constructs a tourism economic quality evaluation index system from four dimensions and optimizes the tourism economic gravity model by incorporating time distance and weight factors to dynamically simulate the intensity of tourism economic spatial connection (ITESC). Based on the new perspective of relational data, social network analysis is employed to investigate the spatial correlation network characteristics and group structure changes in the tourism economy within the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration (BTHUA). The results demonstrate a significant improvement in overall tourism economic quality from 2013 to 2022, with the average quality increasing from 0.128 in 2013 to 0.157 in 2022. Tourism economic spatial connections are prevalent among cities, exhibiting heterogeneous characteristics, characterized by density in the north and relatively sparse in the south. The network cohesion of ITESC strengthens, and the network structure evolves from a highly centralized to a multi-centralized configuration, with increasingly frequent cooperation and interaction in tourism between cities. Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang occupy central positions in the network, exhibiting strong ITESC and a high degree of connectivity, generating a significant “trickle-down effect” on peripheral cities. Consequently, strengthening ITESC between peripheral cities and core areas, as well as enhancing the bidirectional spillover of tourism development between cities, is crucial for the future sustainable and coordinated development of tourism in the BTHUA.

The Role of Social Networks in International Trade and Economic Development

In an era of global trade, cultural differences and trade barriers persist, impacting international business transactions among companies. However, research has revealed that individuals within the same social network, regardless of their physical location, experience a mitigation of information asymmetry. This, in turn, facilitates the establishment of robust cross-border business relationships and enhances the efficiency of international trade. This effect is particularly pronounced among immigrants, who often maintain social networks that bridge cultural gaps and foster social connections. Such networks can markedly amplify the volume of trade for businesses. Moreover, these social networks play a pivotal role in facilitating market entry. Sharing a common social network serves as a trust-building mechanism in cross-border trade, enabling enterprises to share transaction risks and decrease the unpredictability of transactions. The study integrates the latest research on the pivotal role of social networks in global business. The findings demonstrate that ethnic networks, such as those formed by Chinese immigrants, significantly enhance trade volumes, particularly in product categories with high information asymmetry. Greater levels of social connectivity within these networks are associated with substantially higher bilateral trade volumes, especially for goods facing significant information friction. Immigrant networks serve not only as economic connections but also as cultural and social conduits crucial for promoting international trade. In conclusion, social networks mitigate information asymmetry and facilitate rapid expansion into overseas markets for businesses. They also optimize supply chain management by monitoring market dynamics and consumer feedback in real time, while clearly identifying market opportunities.

Mathematical Limitations of Gravity Model in Constructing Regional Association Networks: A Case Study

This study evaluates the limitations of gravity models in constructing regional association networks, using China’s interprovincial economic connections as a case study. Comparison between a gravity-model-based simulated network and an actual network reveals significant topological differences. The gravity model overestimates the influence of larger, inward-oriented provinces and fails to accurately represent external connections. Attempts to refine the model with additional variables proved ineffective. Further theoretical analysis attributes these deficiencies to measurement bias from the model’s simplified binary perspective and information loss due to dimensional mismatch between pairwise predictions and complex network structures. These findings underscore the need for cautious application of gravity models and the development of more comprehensive analytical frameworks in regional network analysis.

IPA Analysis and optimization of pedestrian environment at railway stations in Guangdong-Hong Kong and Macao: An example of six typical stations

Due to the increasing urbanization and growing regional integration, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is progressively transforming into a globally recognized metropolitan cluster. Rail transit is an effective and eco-friendly kind of public transport that plays a crucial role in fostering regional economic connections and facilitating people's movement. It has become the primary option for inhabitants when it comes to travelling. This study examines the influence of the walking environment's quality on passenger travel experience (the overall satisfaction and comfort felt by passengers when walking in a rail station area), station attractiveness (the degree of attractiveness of a rail station to passengers, which is usually determined by a combination of a number of factors, such as accessibility, safety, and interest of the station area) , and the overall livability of the city (the overall quality of life that a rail station area provides to Residents, including the quality of the environment, infrastructure, public services) . It does so by analyzing the walking environments of six representative rail transit stations in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, using the Walking Demand Hierarchy Theory as a basis. The study employed the IPA model to evaluate 20 crucial characteristics of the pedestrian environment. The findings revealed variations in the performance of different stations with regard to accessibility, safety, identification, functionality, and enjoyment. The differences provide a reference point for further optimizing the pedestrian environment in the Greater Bay Area rail station areas.

Unique Features of the EAEU Interregional and Crossborder Cooperation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main distinctive features of interregional and cross-border cooperation at the current stage of integration in the EAEU. It is shown that today the development of interregional and cross-border cooperation in the association is considered to be one of the priorities that contribute to deepening and ensuring the dynamism of integration processes. The intensification of initiatives at the intergovernmental level in this field dates back to the 2020s. However, up to the present, despite quite a deep degree of economic integration of the EAEU members, the sphere of interregional and cross-border cooperation remains insufficiently institutionalized and is of recommendatory nature. The association lacks multilateral agreements and cooperation mechanisms aimed at developing interaction specifically at the regional level. The main emphasis in the analysis is made on the fact that the current state of interregional and cross-border cooperation is asymmetrical, which is revealed in the following aspects – unequal degree of importance of cross-border cooperation for the participating countries, heterogeneity of the scale and nature of interregional cooperation, unequal level of autonomy of regions in the member states, divergence in applied formats of interaction, significant regional divergence in socio-economic development. It is concluded that in order to overcome such asymmetry and fragmentation, it is essential to have flexible multilateral mechanisms as well as financial and information institutions, the activities of which will contribute to the development of horizontal ties and economic connectivity at the regional level

The Primacy Evaluation and Pattern Evolution Mechanism of the Central City in Nanjing Metropolitan Area

Economic globalisation has accelerated the cross-regional flow of resource elements and broken through the constraints of traditional regional administrative boundaries. Urban agglomerations are core carriers that drive and accelerate regional integration development and can promote the division of urban functions and cooperation. This study considers the Nanjing metropolitan area as a case study to construct a comprehensive first-degree evaluation index system for cities from a factor-flow perspective, focusing on economic, cultural, and transportation connections. We found that (1) Nanjing, which has long been ranked first, shows a downward trending score, dropping from 0.956 in 2017 to 0.937 in 2023; (2) The comprehensive first-degree spatial structure of metropolitan-area cities presents a network hierarchical development feature of “one core, multiple centres, and multiple areas”. With Nanjing as the regional core city, Chuzhou (0.879), Yangzhou (0.915), and Wuhu (0.897) as sub-centre cities, and other cities as sub-regional nodes, the urban system structure gradually forms; (3) The indicators of economic (0.166 **), cultural (0.226 **), and transportation (0.644 ***) element connections were interrelated and mutually reinforced, forming a unified entity with internal connections. This study quantitatively measured the level of integrated development in the Nanjing metropolitan area and provided a reference for formulating regional policies.

Multilayer intermediation: Exploring the organization of cultural intermediaries in social media entertainment

This article investigates the phenomenon of the platformization of cultural production within social media entertainment, describing the peculiar interaction between creators and publishing groups. It relies on the case of the Italian video-making company The Jackal and their distinctive economic, organizational, and creative connection with the publishing group CiaoPeople. Starting from Bourdieu’s definition of cultural intermediaries, the article interrogates the role of social media creators as new cultural intermediaries occupying spaces between creativity and economy, acting as co-producers, tastemakers, selectors, and managers of cultural goods and services. Through a longitudinal study, the article argues that social media entertainment enacts a “multilayer intermediation” between brands, creators, consumers, and digital platforms, where legacy media companies may provide creators with tools to resist the entrance of platforms into creative production.

ARMENIAN-CHINESE RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF CHINA'S FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICY

Armenian-Chinese economic relations encompass several key components that reflect both the evolution of bilateral ties and China's broader global economic strategy. These relations are significantly shaped by China's "One Belt, One Road" initiative, which offers Armenia various investment opportunities and economic benefits. However, the relationship is not one-sided. Both countries are actively working to enhance their trade relations, demonstrating consistent growth. They have the potential to explore new markets and further develop their economic connections. This article discusses the directions and opportunities for advancing Armenia-China relations and presents specific approaches and measures to stimulate development.

Research on the Interaction Mechanism between Farmland Circulation and Non-Agricultural Industry from the Perspective of Equilibrium

The “three rights division” is a major innovation in China’s land system. Under the framework of “three rights division”, there are corresponding policy constraints on the circulation of management rights of different types of land. This paper constructs a dynamic equilibrium model of farmland management right transfer from the macro level, and studies the economic connection between farmland circulation and non-agricultural sectors. The results show that there is an obvious economic interaction mechanism between the circulation of agricultural land and the development of regional non-agricultural industries, and circulation is a channel to communicate the flow of factors between the agricultural sector and the non-agricultural sector, and its flow trend is significantly affected by policies. There is a certain threshold for the start of agricultural land circulation, and the critical condition is that the industrial capital stock of the non-agricultural sector reaches a certain level. Therefore, to effectively promote the circulation of agricultural land, we cannot completely rely on the market, and the government’s action is crucial. Based on the analysis, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions on guiding the circulation of farmland and better playing the role of circulation in promoting industrial development.