Economic Changes Research Articles

A long view of social mobility in Scotland and therole of economic changes.

Changes in the social mobility of men in Scotland between the late-19th and the late-twentieth century are examined using new individual-level data from nineteenth-century censuses, linking records of men aged 0-19 in 1871 to their records in 1901, and then comparing their patterns with the social mobility of men aged 30-49 in 1974 and in 2001 as recorded in social surveys at these dates. The extent of social mobility in the nineteenth century was large. In particular, the social origins of people in the highest classes-the salariat-were very varied, indicating a society that was more open than is sometimes supposed. There was a slow growth in social mobility between then and 2001. In both periods, class inheritance-sons in the same social class as their father-was strongest in the economically declining sectors, which were agriculture and fisheries in 1901 and industry in 1974 and 2001. In the 1901 data, however, the transition to a non-agricultural economy induced strong outward mobility from agriculture.

Femmes ouvrières, la part sensible du travail : L’Excès-L’Usine de Leslie Kaplan et Daewoo de François Bon

For a long time reduced to a mere energy power, to a machine for production, the working body regains its human and sensitive dimension in the literary production that accompanied the economic crisis of the last three decades. Starting from the 1980s, literary representations of the body are indeed impacted by social and economic changes and the physical and psychological damage they have caused. Incorporated into the flesh and mind, these social violences make the bodies of workers the very principle of their identity and, therefore, the place of questioning for the entire contemporary society.

Development and conservation in the tropical forest frontier: a 50-year analysis of policy evolution and interplay in Marqués de Comillas, Chiapas, México

ABSTRACT Tropical forests are vital for global biodiversity and climate stability, but the political economy of deforestation and land-use change constantly challenges their integrity. In this article, we analyse 50 years of policy development in the municipality Marqués de Comillas, located in Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, Mexico, to understand how development and conservation priorities have evolved, interacted, and shaped land-use in a tropical forest frontier. By analysing peer-reviewed literature and empirical data, we identify five phases of policy continuity and change that have produced diverse socio-environmental outcomes. We reveal a persistent state-led prioritisation of rural development over environmental concerns, pursued through policies promoting settlements and agricultural expansion and exacerbated by external market forces. This focus has caused substantial ecosystem degradation and deforestation without significant livelihood improvements. Recent conservation initiatives, such as payment for ecosystem services, show potential for challenging the status quo by offering alternative livelihood opportunities benefiting both people and ecosystems.

Childhood socioeconomic position relates to adult decision-making: Evidence from a large cross-cultural investigation.

Early exposure to poverty may have profound and enduring impacts on developmental trajectories over the lifespan. This study investigated potential links between childhood socioeconomic position, recent economic change, and temporal discounting in a large international cohort (N = 12,951 adults from 61 countries). Temporal discounting refers to the tendency to prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger rewards delivered after a delay, and connects to consequential outcomes including academic achievement, occupational success, and risk-taking behaviors. Consistent with multiple theories about the impacts of stress exposure, individuals who reported lower socioeconomic positions in childhood exhibited greater temporal discounting in adulthood compared to peers who did not. Furthermore, an interaction emerged between childhood socioeconomic position and recent economic change, such that the steepest temporal discounting was found among those from lower childhood socioeconomic positions who also recently experienced negative economic change as a result of the COVID pandemic. These associations remained significant even when accounting for potentially confounding factors like education level and current employment. Findings provide new evidence that childhood socioeconomic position relates to greater temporal discounting and steeper devaluation of future rewards later in adulthood, particularly in response to contemporaneous economic change. This suggests childhood socioeconomic position may have longer-term impacts on developmental trajectories. Speculatively, childhood socioeconomic position may shape adult behavior through increased life stress, diminished access to resources, and lower perceived trust and reliability in social systems. These findings underscore the long-term implications of socioeconomic gaps, cycles of disadvantage and economic marginalization.

The polarisation of Italian metropolitan areas, 2000–2018: structural change, technology and growth

Abstract Large cities are a key driver of technological innovation and economic growth. This paper investigates the developments of Italian metropolitan areas, building on insights from economic geography and innovation studies. The key questions to be investigated are the following: (i) Which trajectories of population and economic change can be identified for Italian metropolitan areas? Are we facing a process of economic and technological polarisation that may worsen the country’s imbalances? (ii) What is the role played in such developments by technological and structural change, and in particular by digital technologies and the rise of finance? The empirical analysis investigates the patterns of technological and economic indicators for the period 2000–2018 for 14 Italian metropolitan areas, proxied by their provinces, providing evidence of growing polarisation between Milan, where most positive developments are concentrated, and the other metropolitan zones. Rome has been losing ground in most fields; Venice and Genoa are characterised by industrial decline. Few mid-sized cities show some economic dynamism—including Bologna and Cagliari—while most southern and insular Italian cities increase their gap relative to the performances of leading metropolitan areas.

UNDER THE LOAN: AN ANALYSIS OF ARMENIAN BANKING SECTOR AND CREDIT TRENDS

This study examines recent trends in Armenia's banking sector and export patterns, revealing underlying economic vulnerabilities despite apparent growth. Using data from the Central Bank of Armenia and official trade statistics, this paper analyzes shifts in lending patterns across various economic sectors and changes in export composition. Our findings indicate a concerning decline in industrial sector lending, coupled with a significant increase in mortgage and consumer loans. Additionally, we observe a heavy reliance on precious metal re-exports for economic growth, raising questions about the sustainability of Armenia's current economic trajectory. This research contributes to the understanding of potential risks in Armenia's financial system and highlights the need for diversification in its export base.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTING CHANGES AT THE ENTERPRISE

The article provides a rationale for the feasibility of implementing changes at the enterprise. Following crisis phenomena in the economy, actions to achieve short-term, mainly financial goals prevail in organizations. At the same time, worldwide experience shows that companies that focus only on current problems of survival have no guarantee of success in the future, and only those organizations that lay the foundations for this development today, in crisis conditions, will be able to fully develop in the future. For managers of Ukrainian enterprises, mastering the theoretical and practical aspects of change management is especially relevant, since work in the conditions of continuous economic, political and technological changes is accompanied by internal disintegration and the lack of systematicity in the implemented changes. The feasibility of implementing changes at the enterprise was analyzed and provided. The readiness of the organization for changes determines the sufficiency of forces in the organization to carry out changes at present. The main purpose of this article is to improve change management processes in organizations, using organizational support to improve the efficiency of these processes. Research methods: dialectical method of scientific knowledge, structural and logical - for clarifying the essence and content of change management, comparative analysis for grouping criteria for the implementation of successful organizational and economic changes. The practical significance displays a list of strategic changes offered to the enterprise to increase the efficiency of business functioning and a set of approaches to assessing the effectiveness and risks of implementing organizational changes. The proposed triad of elements of a comprehensive assessment of the key success factors of changes in the organization fits well into the model of D. Khayat - the ADKAR model, which allows you to assess the situation and manage changes both at the level of the organization as a whole and a specific employee.

URBAN SATURATION IN ALGERIAN CITIES: FACTORS AND TREATMENT METHODS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF URBAN SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF TÉBESSA

Throughout history, cities have undergone transformations due to social, urban, environmental, and economic changes, which have contributed to altering their shape, and growth patterns. This evolution has led to continuous urban expansion in response to the increasing needs of the population, resulting in boundless urban sprawl. The constant effort to provide urban services has driven the integration of new land areas within the framework of urban expansion, often at the expense of the surrounding rural areas, which serve as the city's main life source. These rural areas are the primary base for urban expansion and simultaneously the main supplier of labor and raw materials. Currently, urban expansion in Algerian cities, in general, and in Tebessa in particular, poses challenges in urban development and planning. This situation calls for exploring alternative approaches when natural or human barriers prevent the optimal use of urban land in alignment with the city’s needs, leading to urban saturation. These approaches should consider the principles of sustainable urban development and rely on tools focused on protecting natural resources within and around the city, as cities are not only the main threat to the natural environment but also the first victims of its degradation.

Social and Psychological Factors Influencing Drug Use Among Young People: Analysis of Modern Society

The article examines key aspects influencing the spread of drug use among young people. The main focus is on the analysis of social and psychological factors, such as the influence of family and immediate environment, the role of social networks and media, as well as the influence of peers and group dynamics. It also examines psychological aspects, including stress, anxiety, depression, personality characteristics and emotional instability, which can contribute to the formation of a tendency to use drugs. The article examines cultural and economic differences in drug use, revealing the impact of economic inequality, unemployment and changing social norms on the behavior of young people. Based on a comprehensive analysis of data from various sources, the article seeks to identify the main causes and mechanisms behind drug use among young people and offers recommendations for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Otherness, Belonging, and Production of Space: The Case of Amenity Migration in Fethiye, Türkiye

The article delves into the intricate dynamics of amenity migration and rural gentrification, investigating the challenges that arise when residents and newcomers encounter. Amenity migration, which occurs when individuals relocate to an area in search of desirable features, often leads to rural gentrification. This process involves economic and social changes brought about by the arrival of wealthier residents. While amenity migration can bring economic advantages, it also presents difficulties such as displacement and cultural transformations within the community. The study recognizes the concept of "otherness" is introduced to shed light on potential cultural and social conflicts between amenity migrants and the existing community. With a specific focus on British immigrants in Fethiye, Türkiye, the research aims to unravel how these immigrants establish connections with the place. It explores whether they identify themselves as locals or tourists and examines their sense of belonging within the spatial context. In order to comprehend the relational generation of distinctiveness based on person and place attributes in connection with relevant entities, the decision-tree method is employed. Moreover, an ANOVA matrix is used to recognize the most effective decision mechanisms among spatial and demographic attributes.

Features of the development of the Ukrainian and European print media market in the current conditions

The article analyses the state of the Ukrainian and European print market in the current conditions, which are caused by socio-political, military, economic and technological global processes. The author identifies the peculiarities of functioning and development of the print media market in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which became a catalyst for a number of economic changes that led to a number of processes in financial terms: closure of publications, reduction of circulation, total transition to digital format, and, accordingly, transition to subscription. It is important to note that the above-mentioned processes took place in three stages: digitalization, the global economic crisis of 2013-2014 and Covid-19, and the war only accelerated them. The print media market cannot compete with other types of media. Falling circulation, closure of newsrooms or their mergers are typical for both the Ukrainian and European media markets. Today, this market and the online media market closely overlap, as print media, in order to survive financially and retain their audience in a highly competitive information environment, are actively moving to online platforms, often choosing social media as a place of operation. The study focuses on the print market in Poland, France, the UK, Germany and the Czech Republic. The European readership of traditional media consists of two parts: the older generation reads the printed version of publications, while the younger generation prefers to subscribe to digital analogues. It is more difficult for Ukrainian publications to retain their audience due to economic and military factors and a relatively young media market compared to the European one. The article emphasizes that the print media market is undergoing further active digitalization, which has particularly intensified during the Covid-19 period. This has given rise to the following trends: 1) updating of subscriptions to the digital format of printed publications; 2) transition to online formats of the same name, adaptation of the content of periodicals to social networks.

The One Health concept: a holistic approach to protect human and environmental health - how does it work in Total Worker Health strategy.

Human well-being is affected by demographic, geographical, environmental and economic changes in the modern world. Advanced and rapid technological advances have left countries without an adequate structural framework. The One Health concept, rooted in the interconnectedness of human health, animal health and the environment, addresses today's global health challenges. These include non-communicable and zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, ecosystem degradation and food security. All of these require a holistic approach, bringing together multiple disciplines. Therefore, an exploration of the One Health concept was undertaken, which focuses on the collaboration of professionals from different disciplines, as well as looking at human health in a multi-faceted way. The aim of the study was to explore how the One Health concept could contribute to effective pandemic prevention and a broader holistic understanding of human health. It was also relevant to identify its application in occupational medicine. The narrative review was adopted as the research method of choice. The authors emphasise the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, education and international partnerships in preparing for future health emergencies. Human health should not only be assessed from a medical perspective, but also from an environmental point of view. International cooperation is therefore essential to prepare a unified response to threats and challenges. The system of teaching medical personnel needs to be improved, returning to anthropological assumptions. With zoonotic diseases systematically emerging, health professionals should be as prepared as possible for emergencies. Qualified teams are needed to assess risks and hazards in the workplace in a multidisciplinary manner. An in-depth knowledge of zoonotic pathogen transmission is crucial. The impact of environmental degradation on the immune system must be taken into account. A holistic view of workers' health is needed, taking into account ecological, environmental, social and economic factors. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(5).

Is blanqueamiento (whitening) an emerging concept in urban transformation?

The concept of “whitening” has emerged as a tool to describe processes of invisibilizing local social practices in favor of affluent, often white, foreign populations within Mexico City's central urban transformation. This article critically examines the relevance of whitening as an analytical framework compared to more established, albeit sometimes ambiguous, terms such as “gentrification”. The discussion focuses on three key areas: the impoverishment of urban vocabulary; the adaptation of foreign concepts in Latin America; and the limits of whitening as a concept. This comment argues that while whitening captures significant racial dynamics in urban transformations, its conceptual development is still nascent, making it insufficient to encompass the broader socioeconomic dimensions covered by gentrification. Unlike gentrification, which has been adapted to Latin American contexts to capture diverse forms of displacement and exclusion, whitening has yet to undergo such adaptation and remains limited in its geographic and temporal application. Additionally, the article discusses the risk of fragmenting urban discourse through the creation of neologisms that overlap with more established concepts. Whitening may offer valuable insights into racial aspects of urban change, but its application remains restricted compared to the more encompassing and versatile framework of gentrification, which addresses economic, demographic, and cultural changes in a comprehensive manner.

Economic transformation as a component of societal transformation: an integrative vision

The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the impact of economic transformation on the development of society. Particular attention is paid to the well-received drivers of economic change in the current decade – widespread digitalization and the gradual establishment of a “green”, carbon-free economy. The interpretation of sustainable societal transformation as a universal systemic process is substantiated. According to the argumentation presented, it is reasonable to assess the results of the transformation of the national economy based on indicators of the degree of its approach to a sustainable trajectory. The final part of the article reveals the role of economic transformation as a driver of future general social progress, which becomes achievable provided that the optimistic consolidated scenario of global development is fulfilled.

Portrayals of Chinese companies in American and British economic news tweets during China’s macroeconomic transitions 2007–2023

This study investigates how Chinese companies are portrayed in American and British economic news tweets, as well as their relationship to Chinese economic fluctuations. The analysis included a corpus of 55,394 tweets (934,155 words) from well-known media outlets between 2007 and 2023. It also incorporated China’s quarterly Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and monthly Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) to contextualise the tweets in terms of their actual economic performance. Using van Dijk’s ingroup and outgroup ideologies, this project examined the ideological depiction through sentiments and emotions. RoBERTa-based transformer models were used to analyse sentiments and emotions, whereas Large Language Models (LLMs) were used for evaluative target annotation. Positive and negative sentiments were found to be significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with China’s macroeconomic indices. The representation of Chinese companies trended between ingroup and outgroup portrayals. Positive sentiment diminished as the economy transitioned from expansion to contraction, while negative sentiment increased. American news tweets were most positive during economic balance and most negative during downturns, while British news tweets were most positive during stability or early recovery and most negative when a downturn was predicted. As the economy shifted from growth to decline, positive sentiment emphasised corporate external opportunities alongside corporate strengths, with both evaluative targets reinforcing ingroup representation. Negative sentiment shifted from corporate weaknesses to contextual threats, both strengthening outgroup representation. Moreover, certain emotions had a significant (p < 0.0001) influence on sentiment swings and ideological transitions. These findings emphasise how economic changes and journalistic factors influence the ideological representation of Chinese firms in economic news on social media.

Landscape Character and Management Zones in Polder Landscapes: A Case Study of the Dongting Lake Area

Polder landscapes, as a representative of lowland agriculture landscapes, possess diverse natural and cultural values. However, polder landscapes are facing multiple challenges arising from economic and climate changes, including increasing flood threats and the fragmentation of landscape patterns. These issues have severely threatened the safety and regional characteristics of the polder landscape. Therefore, this study aims to preserve the regional characteristics of polder landscapes while promoting the sustainable development of lowland environments, and the objective is to provide a foundation and baseline for the management and planning of polder landscapes. In this study, the Dongting Lake Area (DLA) was selected as a representative case of polder landscapes. To identify the landscape character and delineate the landscape management zones, this study employed the Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) method in conjunction with a polder typology method at two scales. As a result, the polder landscape types were identified and visualized at two different scales. At the Lake Scale, a comprehensive identification method for polder unit types and polder landscape regions was established, achieving a stepwise transition from polder areas to polder clusters and ultimately to individual polder units. At the Local Scale, an integrative analysis of landscape character diversity (LCD) and land construction suitability (LCS) was employed to establish five landscape management zones for polder landscapes, thereby realizing a balance between the conservation of polder landscape diversity with the sustainable development of wetland environments. This study contributes a set of cross-scale ideas and methods for identifying landscape characters and delineating management zones in polder landscapes, which could be expanded to other lowland agricultural landscapes.

Driving a three-age learning curriculum from local wisdom under the “YANGKHINOK Model” in Thailand

This study had the objective of developing a three-age learning curriculum from local wisdom under the YANGKHINOK Model which focuses on time, resources, knowledge, skills, and sincerity to enhance competency and leverage social networks in Khueang Nai District, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. Due to the dynamics of global society influencing Thai education, integrating local wisdom in curriculum development is essential for preserving cultural heritage and community sustainability. A mixed method of qualitative case studies and quantitative evaluation was employed to assess the efficacy of the local wisdom project. Key findings spotlighted the importance of community participation, educational coordination, and the appropriate development of a curriculum for all age groups by the YANGKHINOK Model (Youth, Adult, Narration, Gathering, Knowledge, Hearkening, Impetus, Network, Older Persons, Keeping). This inclusive approach emphasizes the critical role of collaboration among local communities and educational institutions to ensure that the curriculum remains relevant and adaptable across different generations. The approach also aims to create a contemporary democratic society by promoting continuous learning and sustainable professional development that fosters long-term community resilience. It was concluded that a sustainable community curriculum must include these components to meet the actual needs of the community, as well as being adaptable to social and economic changes. Effective use of limited local resources, strategic planning, and broad participation for practical results lead to lasting sustainability, providing a framework for continuous community improvement.

Climate Change Mitigation in the Dairy Sector: Uncovering Heterogeneity Through Eco‐Efficiency Clubs

ABSTRACTCombining climate change goals with economic targets is crucial for the dairy sector, which is a significant contributor to agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. In this paper, we assess economic and climate change implications of dairy production with panel data of Irish dairy farms from 2013 to 2021. We calculate transient, persistent, and overall eco‐efficiency with respect to GHG emissions by way of stochastic frontier analysis. The innovative component of our analysis is the application of club convergence analysis to explore heterogeneity in transient eco‐efficiency development over time. This offers a nuanced understanding of farm‐level responses to climate challenges. We then explore correlations between convergence clubs and GHG mitigation technology usage. Despite high overall eco‐efficiency, our results uncover significant variability across farms, with some showing improvement and others decline in eco‐efficiency over time. We also find that changes in milk yield and specialization are positively related to better eco‐efficiency development, while GHG mitigation technologies do not play an important role. These insights suggest that the average high eco‐efficiency masks considerable underlying heterogeneity, presenting opportunities for tailored policy interventions. Our study contributes to the literature by highlighting the complex dynamics of eco‐efficiency in the dairy sector and underscoring the need for policy frameworks that account for farm‐level diversity.

Shifting Domestic Roles In The Household And Their Influence On Children's Education In Matang Sagoe Village Peusangan Sub-District Bireuen District

The shift in domestic roles in Matang Sagoe indicates a shift towards a more equal division of responsibilities between husband and wife. This has various impacts on children's education . Some Matang Sagoe people still hold fast to traditional values, where mothers are expected to remain the main caregivers and managers of the household, while fathers are the main breadwinners. This study uses a qualitative method with a field research approach. Data collection techniques consist of in-depth interviews, participatory observation and documentation. The results of the study show that 1). The form of shifting domestic roles in households on children's education in Matang Sagoe Village Peusangan Sub-District Bireuen District is from traditional roles to more flexible roles, working mothers and a more equal division of tasks. 2). The influence of shifting domestic roles in households on children's education in Matang Sagoe Village Peusangan Sub-District Bireuen District is on increasing father involvement in children's education, the role of working mothers and their influence, higher child independence and the negative influence of limited time. 3). Factors of shifting domestic roles in households on children's education in Matang Sagoe Village Peusangan Sub-District Bireuen District are economic changes, education levels and cultural and social influences

PRIORITY OF CORE COMPETENCIES AND SKILLS

One of the main tasks facing the education system today is developing core competencies in students necessary for their success in the modern world. Education now focuses not only on imparting traditional knowledge but also on forming individuals who can adapt to social, economic, technological, and cultural changes. Core competencies and skills are central in this process. This article analyzes the priority of core competencies, their role, and significance in the educational process.