Terms Of Economic Activity Research Articles

JUSTIFICATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF NORMALIZING THE LEVEL OF GREENING OF SANITARY AND PROTECTIVE ZONES OF OPERATING QUARRY ROCK DUMPS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

To reduce the impact of polluted air on human health it is important to expand the areas of green spaces and create healthier conditions for the local population to live and reproduce biodiversity. Dumps of overburden the surface of which has reached intensive self-overgrowth with grass and tree-shrub vegetation and the industry of the adjacent land should be considered as fabricated objects with a high potential of gas-absorbing capacity of pollutants from the surface layer of atmospheric air. A comparison of the amount of emissions of pollutants which are directly during the dumping of overburden dumps with the ability of vegetation to adsorb them during the growing season revealed the following: rather high indicators of the absorption capacity for sulfur oxide and the ability to self-clean the surface layer of the air as well as an additional balance of regenerated oxygen due to green vegetation. Calculations of emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere from vehicles were made taking into account unloading operations from the dumping of mining mass into a dump and taking into account their formation during the combustion of fuel from internal combustion engines of special equipment according to specific indicators. The analysis of the cartographic material showed a sufficient level of greening of the sanitary and protective zone of the dumps in accordance with the territory planning recommendations. The possibility of self-cleaning of the surface air layer should be considered during the preparation of relevant environmental impact assessment reports of the planned economic activity and during the planning of dumping, the volumes of which are related to the gradual advancement of the work front in the quarry. This will make it possible to consider industrial lands with a high level of greening as one of the ways to increase the ESG rating of economic activity in terms of the impact of environmental risks on atmospheric air quality and its minimization due to a sufficient level of industrial lands greening.

Macro Approach in Economic Crime Response Technology in the Age of Global Transformation

The economic interest that dominates the pattern of modern human life causes the most prominent global transformation in terms of economic activity. Related to this, a macro approach is needed in overcoming technology-based economic crimes. The urgency of this research is expected to provide input for the development of legal science, specifically in Judicial Law and Economic Criminal Law related to cybercrime and make improvements in the provisions of laws and regulations relating to telematics crimes, especially in terms of electronic transactions. This study uses normative legal research. This study uses secondary data and primary data as supporting data. The results of this study show that overcoming technological economic crimes requires a multi-aspect concept because the nature of technological economic crimes is very complex. Its complexity continues to grow following the flow of global transformation in the economy. Therefore, the concept of handling it must be done with a multi-aspect concept.
 Keywords: economic, crimes, technology, global

Green bond vs. Islamic bond: Which one is more environmentally friendly?

This research investigates the dynamic dependence and causality relationship of the S&P Kensho Clean Energy (CE) and Cleantech (CT) indices with two green bond indices, including the S&P Green Bond Index (GB) and Green Bond Select (GBS) indices, and four Islamic bond indices, including A-, AA-, AAA-, and BBB-graded Sukuk Indices. In the long- and medium-term, the dependence of CE and CT on Sukuk and green bond indices strengthens under normal or bearish market conditions based on quantile cross-spectral (coherency). Overall, among all alternative financing instruments, AA- and A-rated Sukuk indices and GBS indices have higher coherency with CE and CT. Furthermore, the direction of causality in the frequency domain is most commonly observed from Sukuk and bond indices to CT and CE. Once again, AA-rated, A-rated, and GBS have more significant causality effects on CT and CE for nearly all frequencies compared to other indices. These results present vital implications for both policymakers who want to advocate the development of environmentally friendly projects and investors who want to invest their capital in green economic activities in terms of diversifying and hedging their investments.

Multilayered Emergent Phenomena Caused by Basic Income and Labor Supply on the Wider Economic System

Despite the growing interest in basic income (BI) in recent years, the existing research has mainly focused on its impact on household finances. However, changes in household behavior may affect the actions of other decision makers, such as businesses and governments, leading to unanticipated outcomes. Therefore, any analysis of BI must use a model with multilayered feedback from the actions of individual decision makers. To actualize such a model, household budgets, firms, and other entities must autonomously determine production levels, prices, and other factors, thereby encompassing a complete circulation of funds. This study constructs a macroeconomic model using agent-based modeling as a basic framework to achieve these goals, and it analyzes the emergent behaviors generated by BI and the labor supply in the economic system. The results show that although BI brings about more equitable consumption by households, it also creates a unique phenomenon wherein Gross Domestic Product increases but economic activity in terms of capital investment stagnates. Upon examining the impact of BI, the results of this study present the need to examine the multilayered feedback influencing mutual decision makers, which arises from the behavioral changes of individual decision makers caused by BI.

CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL COMPETENCE OF THE WORKFORCE OF UKRAINE

Topicality. The key role of digital competence is related to meeting the needs of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the driver of which is digitalization, which has become the main imperative of modernity. The comprehensive and dynamic nature of digital transformation causes changes in most spheres of life in society, which force people to quickly adapt to them. In such conditions, increasing the competence potential of labor resources in terms of digital competence becomes a necessary condition for the successful functioning of not only individuals and society, but also the socio-economic system in general. Digital competence is becoming transversal, which is recorded in many international documents, in particular the Framework Program of the renewed Key competences for lifelong learning of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union and the report "Towards a structured and agreed terminology of cross-cutting skills and competences" of the European Commission and the European Center for the development of vocational training. The European vector of development and the complexity of the socio-ecological and economic environment of Ukraine determine the need to build an individual trajectory of digital education of the population based on the study and implementation of the experience of the European Union in the specified field of activity.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop the conceptual foundations of the development of the digital competence of the workforce of Ukraine.Materials and methods. The information sources of the research are fundamental and applied research by domestic and foreign scientists on issues of competence potential in terms of digital literacy, as well as leading international organizations, in particular, the European Center for the Development of Professional Education, the European Commission, UNESCO, data from open sources. To achieve the goal, the methods of system analysis, logical generalization and content analysis were used.Research results. The role and significance of digital competence in the context of modern socio-economic development is considered. The concept of "digital competence" was studied from the point of view of essential content and officially defined interpretations. It is proposed to determine the levels of digital competence in economic activity in terms of the structure of business processes and the level of knowledge-intensive production on the basis of the European approach to determining the level of qualifications presented in DigComp2.1, according to which it is proposed to use depending on the complexity and level of autonomy of task performance, as well as the type cognitive operations (memorizing, understanding, applying, evaluating, creating) 4 levels of qualification: foundation, intermediate, advanced and higly specialised. It is outlined that the prospects for further research are related to the study of the criteria for determining the levels of digital competence in terms of structure-forming business processes, which will contribute to the effective use of the labor potential of the population of Ukraine.Conclusion. In the conditions of the digital transformation of the economy, digital competence acquires a transversal character, since almost all professions will have a digital component in the future. In turn, the formation, application and development of digital competence of the population in terms of different categories is a complex and long-term process that requires coordination and synchronization in time of various interdependent components, in particular, regulatory and legal, institutional, material and technological and personnel, each of which needs to solve a complex of problems. It is important to understand that in order to effectively use the labor potential and increase labor productivity, it is necessary to maintain the correspondence of the qualification level of the digital competence of the workforce to the complexity of the tasks, depending on the scientific intensity of the production processes.

A Study on Agrarian Economy in the Hills of Manipur with Special Reference to Thadou-Kuki Ethnic Group

Jhum-based agriculture has been the dominant mode of economic activity in terms of production and livelihoods for tribal people of Manipur. Thadou tribe has the highest population among all the tribes in Manipur, and their economy has been characterised by jhumming. But in recent times there has been a significant change in the way, these tribes practice their economic activities and livelihoods. The study is based on 15 villages of four different sub-divisions of three hill districts of Manipur where Thadou-Kukis are settled in large numbers. The study seeks to understand the occupational patterns of Thadou-Kuki group and the nature of its agrarian economy using village level data. The study finds that the occupational patterns of this group are changing and they are giving up jhum-based paddy cultivation for other cash crops and non-agricultural sectors. Settled cultivation is practiced widespread but due to the non-application of modern inputs, there has been a huge shortage of rice. Agricultural diversification is taking place in jhum area and there are inter-regional variations in the way the villages practice diversification. Some villages are growing poppy in a large scale and some high-value crops like ginger, king chilly and sesame. The nature of Thadou-Kuki agrarian economy is no more a homogenous one; it is now more of a differentiated agrarian economy. The state of the agrarian economy in the surveyed villages indicates a transitional flux where there is a huge food grain deficit and at the same time diversification is not taking smoothly.

Application features of state reporting forms in fishery complex of the Russian Federation

The use of Russian and foreign classifiers of products (goods, works, services) is a key moment in ordering objects in the system of state statistics and regulation of foreign economic activity, in the field of technical regulation and taxation. The article considers the need to update the all-Russian classifier of products by type of economic activity in terms of fish products, which contributes to filling other forms of state reporting with an expanded list of types of aquatic biological resources, which makes it possible to track the movement of fish products by type in the domestic market when moving from fishing areas to the central regions and control over the full chain of use of raw materials from catch to consumption.

Efficiency of large cities: Theory and empirics

The paper assesses the advantages of large cities as places of concentration of economic activity in terms of production efficiency. For this purpose; we made quantitative estimates of the relationship between the size of cities and indicators of productivity. The theory justifies the presence of such relationships by various agglomeration effects; estimates of which have been reduced over the last 20 years as the number of empirical studies has been growing. The calculations are based on Russian municipal statistics; taking into account its limitations. The study has demonstrated that the direction of the relationship between city size and productivity depends on the characteristics of the industry structure of the city economy; which; in turn; depends on the city’s place in the urban hierarchy. A negative relationship is characteristic of highly specialized cities; while a positive one emerges as industry localization declines and diversification of the city economy increases.

The environmental impact of agriculture: An instrument to support public policy

Agriculture is a key activity in guarantying food security, one of the Sustainable Development Goals set by the UN Agenda 2030 for sustainable development. However, agriculture can be an environmental impacting activity when it is managed without attention towards its environmental efficiency. Thus, the assessment of eco-efficiency in agriculture is a crucial tool to evaluate this economic activity in terms of both natural resources exploitation and revenue generation. To address the complex issues associated with this problematic trade-off, the application of a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been to assess the environmental and economic performance of agriculture in terms of eco-efficiency. DEA has been applied the Italian case study at regional level, to provide policy-makers with a synthetic indicator of agricultural sustainability, when implementing funding policies. In particular, the analysis of the case study has taken into account the implementation of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), as implemented through the Rural Development Plans. Our approach is a first step in the direction of assessing the long-lasting issue of developing benchmarking policies between the different Italian regions. This works paves the way to future and more in-depth studies needed to determine the eco-efficiency at local scale and, thus, the possibility to identify specific forms of agriculture as nature-based solutions.

Keynesian approach to economy regulation: answers to the challenges facing the agro-industrial complex

The paper presents the main aspects of the Keynesian theory of state economic policy in the context of responding to global challenges and national barriers facing the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the work is to explore the possibilities of the Keynesian approach to respond to the challenges facing the agro-industrial complex of modern Russia. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated approach. The study identifies the main postulates of Keynesian theory. On the basis of macroeconomic models of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, the Keynesian cross, the features of the Keynesian approach to the regulation of economic activity in terms of investment, savings, and consumption are formulated. The Keynesian macroeconomic model of state policy is presented, implemented by increasing the real volume of investment expenditures through fiscal and monetary policies; methods of increasing effective solvent demand; reducing the fiscal burden on the population and business. The limits of the application of Keynesian methods are defined: "liquidity trap”; the emergence of a chronic budget deficit; the attenuation of the multiplier-acceleration mechanism; “stagflation”; “inflationary spiral”. The relevance of the application of Keynesian methods of regulation in the modern Russian agro-industrial complex is substantiated: fiscal methods can have a beneficial effect on the development of agriculture: the growth of investments in the agricultural sector by 1%, stimulates economic growth in the industry by 0.64%; monetary methods have a long-term significant impact on the agricultural sector development; an increase in effective solvent demand for food in conditions of insufficient demand for food products in Russia is of high importance; a reduction in the fiscal burden can have a beneficial impact on agriculture development.

Занятость как показатель устойчивого развития сельских территорий в регионе Дальнего Востока с особым режимом природопользования (на примере Республики Бурятия)

The article is a continuation of a cycle of publications devoted to the study of social problems and contradictions of sustainable development of the territories. The authors note that significant restrictions on the development of economic activity, including agriculture, due to the special nature management regime in the Baikal natural territory, generally hinder the development of the regional economy. In particular, in this article, the authors explore the impact of environmental restrictions on the employment of the rural population as an indicator of the sustainable development of rural areas. The object of study was the Barguzinsk, Pribaikalsk, Kabansk, Severo-Baikalsk districts and the city of Severobaikalsk, within the boundaries of which the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory in the Republic of Buryatia passes. The study used methods of comparative analysis and economic and statistical methods. The information base was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service for 1990–2023. Changes in the basic types of economic activity in terms of the share of the population employed in them are considered. The factors negatively affecting the development of agriculture and other branches of the agro-industrial complex in the region with environmental regulation are determined. Studies have shown that in order to develop agriculture, increase employment in rural areas, and reduce the risk of migration losses, targeted measures are needed to increase the availability of transport and social services. The main conclusions and recommendations can be used by the authorities in development of the programs to promote employment and socio-economic development of the regions.

Концепція маркетингу територіальних ринкових систем

The article is aimed at studying the scientific issues related to the acceleration of economic develop-ment of the spatial economy; determining the degree of influence of innovations on the nature of the territorial organization of economic activity; provision of a theoretical basis for the formation of zones of innovative growth of individual territories (regions). The main goal is to identify the features and contradictions of the current state of the system of territorial organization of marketing activities and to accelerate the pace of socioeconomic development of a particular territory on this basis. The carried out systematization of literature sources on the subject of the study shows that modern economic science pays insufficient attention to the studies on the nature and impact of the marketing component, in its broadest sense, both on the quality of the system of territorial organization itself and on the dy-namics of economic development. This is directly the reason for its unconditional relevance. The issues of spreading the diffusion of the marketing component of spatial development was studied from the viewpoint of presenting and positioning a separate territory (region) as a subject of economic relations, as a multifunctional and multi-aspectual economic system, and not as a place of concentration of means of production and labor strictly. The further development, symbiosis of the theory of regionalistics, in particular the spatial organization of production, with the theory and practice of innovative en-trepreneurship is the substantiation of the feasibility of creating and spreading territorial poles of inno-vative growth. It is proved that effective marketing activity in a particular economic space of activity should be based on the functional properties of the forms of spatial organization of production, on the one hand, and the location of productive forces, on the other. The article reflects the authors’ vision of the modern conception of marketing of territorial market systems in relation to their spatial organiza-tion. The advantages of the network model of organization (clustering) of the territorial (regional) eco-nomic system are revealed. The theory of clustering as one of the modern forms of organization of economic activity in terms of a certain territory has been further developed.

Political Dynasties and Local Economic Development in Pakistan (Article)


 
 
 
 
 Political dynasties are entrenched in Pakistan’s political system. Dynastic legislatures constitute more than 50 percent of elected politicians in Pakistan. However, until recently, no scientific study was conducted to evaluate the economic performance of dynastic parliamentarians. This study explores the effect of political dynasties on local economic development at the constituency level across Pakistan. More specifically, the objective is to examine whether constituencies with dynastic persistence are significantly different from the rest in terms of economic activities and public good provisioning. To measure political dynasties, data on elected politicians who won 2002, 2008, & 2013 general elections are utilised to extract information about a politician’s family background. This information is then matched with the constituency level indicators of economic development and public goods. The findings show that dynastic legislature underperforms relative to non-dynast in terms of local economic development and public good provision. Constituencies with non-dynast winners have improved water and sanitation facilities, better infrastructure, and significantly higher access to public services such as electricity, gas, and telephone. The study recommends that limiting the role of parliamentarians in discretionary funds and development spending, and empowering the local government system would minimise the performance differences across constituencies.
 
 
 
 

ANALISIS FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENJUALAN BATIK SAAT MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI KOTA KLATEN

This study aims to look at the decline in economic activity in terms of sales due to the corona virus (COVID-19). with the aim of seeing the sales made by the fashion industry, especially in the sale of batik in Klaten City. Many SME business actors experience a decrease in profit or sales turnover. This is because the government enforces social distancing, so offline sales are very limited. This research on the effect of Covid-19 on the sale of batik uses a quantitative method, which is based on numbers using statistical tools. Respondents from this study amounted to 31 respondents in the Klaten area. Capital states if there is no influence between capital and sales. Quality negatively affects sales. Competition has a positive effect on sales. Promotion in this study has no impact on sales. The results of this study indicate that not all variables have a significant influence on Batik sales in the city of Klaten. . It can be said if Capital, Quality, Promotion have no effect on the sale of a product owned by the company / SME. While the competition variable has an effect on sales.

Management of foreign economic activities of business subjects

The article summarizes the essence and content of the enterprise's foreign economic activity. The main advantages and disadvantages of managing foreign economic activity by business subjects of economic relations in modern international market development are determined. Methodical approaches and methods of managing the foreign economic activity of companies are systematized. The economic analysis of the current development state of foreign economic activity in Ukraine, the dynamics of the scale of export-import operations, the geographical and commodity structure of foreign trade operations of business entities of the national economy are conducted. It was determined that the most active participants in foreign economic activity in Ukraine are business entities operating in the sphere of industry and the agricultural sector. In terms of territory, management of foreign economic activity is focused on the countries of the European Union, China, and Turkey. The main trends of world trade in the context of strategic cooperation with EU countries have been studied. Poland is the main trading partner of Ukrainian companies conducting foreign trade operations. The key objects of management of foreign economic activity in terms of corporate management have been determined. It was found out that the management of foreign economic activity under modern conditions faces a large number of challenges and threats, the main of which are: foreign culture and national traditions, currency relations, macroeconomic instability of the world market, difficulties in geopolitical international relations, the difficulty of forming an international team of personnel in the companies. The system of specific international indicators, which testify to the state of development and the level of attractiveness of the country's economy for the implementation of foreign economic activities, has been studied. Problematic aspects of the management of foreign economic activity in Ukraine from the standpoint of ratings by world agencies have been identified. The key areas of state regulation and management of foreign economic activity at the level of business entities are substantiated, taking into account the principles of the global concept of sustainable development. Keywords: foreign economic activity, management, management of foreign economic activity, business entities, export-import operations, international market, efficiency.

Using mobility measures to explain short-run economic performance during COVID’s first wave

People’s mobility behavior and self-correcting economic forces are shown to be key variables in explaining the observed contraction and recovery of the Bolivian economy during Covid’s first wave. ARMAX models are used to explain the growth rate of the monthly index of economic activity in terms of changes in the rate of mobility measures produced by Google, which are argued to capture the complex interactive dynamics of Covid epidemiology, Covid policy and people’s own decisions to minimize health risks, however generating a trade-off with inevitable economic sacrifice, thus affecting aggregate economic activity.

Analysis of the Possibility of Slowing Down the Melting of Arctic Glaciers from the Perspective of the Global Energy Economy

In 2020, Antarctica's surface temperature exceeded 20 degrees Fahrenheit for the first time. This also demonstrates that global warming has become a very significant issue that will cause a number of problems for the planet's species and ecosystem. Many people think that global warming is an old-fashioned problem, but in fact, most people are far from correctly recognizing the terrible consequences caused by global warming. Therefore, this paper studies the problem of glacier melting and analyzes the impact of the development of new energy industry on delaying glacier melting. The results show that the goal of global rise of 1.5 C is difficult to achieve and requires multi-party cooperation. In the future, global temperature rise is inevitable, and more advanced technology can achieve the goal. It should consider that increasing research and development of new energy technologies to essentially replace petrochemical energy. In terms of economic activities, how to change the existing business model, improve efficiency and reduce carbon emissions is a matter of consideration.

The impact of a sensitivity of economic activities on the economic behaviour of enterprise

In the conditions of national and global transformations, which are taking place under the influence of factors of political and economic instability, one of the most important problems of the functioning and development of enterprises is ensuring their competitiveness. At the current stage of development of the world economy, which is characterized by high levels of instability and randomness of the course of economic processes, an urgent task of the management of economic entities is the study of their market behaviour, taking into account the existing and latent connections with both internal processes and external influences. Since all the types of economic activity react differently to the instability of the external environment, it is important to conduct an analysis of the operating conditions and the results of the enterprises’ activities based on them in order to form adequate and adaptive managerial responses to the tactical and strategic behaviour of the latter. The purpose of the article is to the formation of general recommendations for the development of strategies and tactics for the behaviour of enterprises of various types of economic activity on the market, depending on their sensitivity to the influence of external factors. The scientific methods that were used in solving the research problems were monographic, comparative and content analysis, graphical, structural and dynamic methods, coefficient and cluster analysis. The article proposes an algorithmic model for the formation of the economic behavior of an enterprise depending on the level of sensitivity of the type of activity, defines cluster groups of types of economic activity according to their sensitivity, forms a portrait of business entities depending on the expectations of enterprises and their comparison with actually achieved indicators. The implementation of the proposed model and the formation of general recommendations on the future behavior of enterprises, which are based on an analysis of trends in the development of the country’s economic activities in terms of gross value added, will be of interest to business leaders for the formation of a market behavior strategy

Energy Security as a Premise for Mergers and Acquisitions on the Example of the Multi-Energy Concern PKN Orlen in the Face of the Challenges of the 2020s

A concern for ensuring energy security is particularly important in the 2020s, a decade significantly marked by economic and political uncertainty: the coronavirus pandemic, the Russian-Ukrainian war, and inflation turning into stagflation in many markets. Additionally, the national and international climate policy promoting the acquisition of energy from non-renewable sources is only a part of the problem that forces a revision of the direction and degree of diversification of energy sources. States, bearing in mind the inevitability of change, in order to maintain energy security, should not only accurately read these phenomena but also effectively prevent them. One of the available solutions is to build a multi-energy concern to ensure energy independence through diversified production and distribution of electricity and non-renewable fuels. To this end, a large international entity centred around the PKN Orlen group has existed in Poland for several years. The construction of this holding is based on M&A transactions, as effective mechanisms for long-term management, and focused around complementary, in terms of economic activity, market entities—Energa, Lotos and PGNiG. This article focuses on the assessment of the phenomenon of capital concentration in M&A transactions by PKN Orlen, with particular emphasis on the changes in the shaping of energy security in the near future and also on the basis of the directions resulting from government guidelines and policies.

Methodology and instruments of strategizing of socio-economic development of the region

The practice of using quantitative models of socio-economic development to fulfil the tasks of regional strategizing is a common trend. However, the significance and the area of practical application, functionality and, consequently, the effectiveness of applying such models in the context of strategizing is still a matter for further research. The article deals with the methodology and the instruments of strategizing which combines analysis, forecasting and management procedures oriented on the balanced assessment and search for the priority development trends in the conditions of increasing resource limitations and external threats. The authors developed a universal economic-mathematical model of functioning of the socio-economic system of the region. The system reproduces the dynamics of the key processes, the suggested instruments automatically form and work out the predictive options for advanced development. Algorithmic technique used for modelling provides the opportunity for effective reduction of dimension of the space of variables for the tasks of searching and analyzing indicators’ dependencies on factors, excluding the need for direct accounting of hard-to-distinguish mutual dependencies of initial statistics indicators and actually reducing the problem to building paired linear regressions of the indicator indices to factor indices. The authors also have solved the task of evaluation of attainability of the declared target landmarks in preparing long-term targeted programs. Using the designed application as the instrument of strategizing of regional development may significantly facilitate the search for and justification of important areas of economic activity in terms of global uncertainty and limited resources.