Economic Accounting Research Articles

Сеть сельских поселений на территории современной Тюменской области в 1930-1950-е гг.: численность, величина, типическая структура

The purpose of the study is a specific historical characteristic of the development of a network of rural settlements in the territory of the modern Tyumen region in the 1930s and 1950s, which became the period of first building the foundation of socialism in the USSR on the basis of industrialization and collectivization, then the forced mobilization of the economy in the conditions of the Great Patriotic War and the subsequent restoration of the destroyed economy and the transition to peaceful development based on the Stalinist model of the economy. The article traces the dynamics of the number of rural settlements, their population, determines changes in the typical structure of the network of rural settlements, examines the impact of urbanization processes in the region on its condition. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, based on data from local government bodies of national economic accounting for 1936, as well as materials from the All-Union population censuses of 1939 and 1959, data on the number of rural settlements of various types and their size are presented. As a result of the study, it was found that during the 1930s and 1950s in the territory of the modern Tyumen region there was a decrease in the number of rural settlement networks, a complication of its typical structure, an expansion of the production function of villages while reducing their average population (from 267 people in 1939 to 233 people in 1959).

Environmentally friendly recycling of energy storage functional materials from hazardous waste lithium-containing aluminum electrolytes

Low energy consumption and environmentally friendly extraction of high value-added elements from waste aluminum electrolytes are crucial for developing potential mineral resources and reducing environmental hazards. This study aims to propose a new method for resource utilization of retired aluminum electrolytes by combining NH4Cl with CaO-assisted low-temperature calcination. The leaching rates of Li and Na exceed 94.67 % and 98.12 %, respectively. The optimal conditions for roasting transformation were determined to be NH4Cl/CaO: 2, CaO/LWE@Al: 2, T: 550 ℃, t: 1 h. In the leaching stage, liquid–solid ratio: 5, T: 45 ℃, t: 1.0 h were proved to be the most suitable experimental condition. An evaluation was conducted on the economic benefits and creativity of the process. Finally, the regenerated LiCoO2 prepared from recycled Li2CO3 has been proven to have better electrochemical performance than commercial LiCoO2, demonstrating the feasibility of energy storage use. The economic accounting results indicate that this novel process demonstrates significant financial and environmental benefits through high-value lithium recovery. Compared with traditional concentrated acid roasting, this low-temperature roasting method has lower energy consumption, higher element conversion rate, lower corrosiveness, and lower operational difficulty (without the involvement of strong acids/bases). Therefore, this process has been proven to be a green, environmentally friendly, low energy consumption, and high value-added method for comprehensive utilization of waste electrolytes.

Measuring Total Factor Productivity in General Technical Progress Framework

The classical Solow's total factor productivity accounting assumes that technical progress is Hicks neutral, which is a special situation in the reality of world economy. This paper expands the setting of technical progress into general technical progress framework, which can cover Hicks neutral technical progress, Harrod neutral technical progress, Solow-neutral technical progress, and various factor-biased technical changes. According to the principle of statistical index number, this paper decomposes the output index into a total factor input index and a total factor productivity index, and adopts normalized CES production function with factor-augmenting technical progress to derive the calculation formulas of the total factor input index and the total factor productivity index, and constructs a new economic growth accounting system, and finds the counteraction and compensation mechanism for diminishing marginal returns. If the factor substitution elasticity is 1 or there is no technical progress bias and factor allocation bias, then the new accounting equation degenerates into the classic Solow growth accounting equation. The new accounting system can measure the influence of total factor input and total factor productivity to economic growth, but also can measure the influences of factor input intensity and factor allocation bias in the growth rate of total factor input, and the influences of technical progress intensity and technical progress bias in the growth rate of total factor productivity. Therefore it is more precise and accurate than classical method.

THE ROLE OF SUSTAINABILITY ACCOUNTING ON DECISION-MAKING: FIELD STUDY ON SUDANESE INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES

The article's goal is to explore how the economic, social, and environmental sustainability accounting components affect decision-making (DM) in the industrial sector of Sudan. This can assist companies in understanding and disclosing the benefits and drawbacks of their activities. The practical significance of scientific research is found in the way that the research conclusions will help to clarify sustainability-related concerns and reinforce Sudanese industrial businesses' dedication to them. Furthermore, there aren't many studies that address this subject in the context of Sudan.The results of the research show that the economic dimension has a positive impact on decision-making in the Sudanese industrial sector. It was also found that the social dimension plays a part in DM. On the other hand, DM Sudanese industrial businesses lack an environmental dimension. According to the study's recommendations, accounting regulators must develop guidelines and frameworks to help accountants measure and disclose sustainability information. Future research should continue to examine the impacts of sustainability development issues on Sudanese manufacturing firms to raise awareness of sustainability issues among accountants and management.

Tracing offshore marine ecosystem asset changes based on physical accounting: A case of Xiamen Sea Area

Assessing temporal and spatial changes in marine ecosystem assets is critical for the capitalized management of natural resources and their contribution to human well-being. However, quantifying these changes using different inclusion methods in the System National Account is a challenge. Ecosystem accounting has become a popular topic in recent years, particularly after the System of Environmental and Economic Accounting-Ecosystem Accounting was published in 2021. However, few practical studies have been conducted on offshore marine ecosystem accounting, including marine ecosystem assets and services. This study provides a systematic framework to prioritize the assessment of offshore marine ecosystem assets (extent and condition) in physical terms, including the determined indicators of physical accounts and the presentation of accounting results. We then used this framework to assess marine ecosystem assets in the Xiamen Sea Area selected from 2006 to 2020. The results show that: (a) The extent of the marine ecosystem in Xiamen decreased by 8.34% from 349.64 km2 to 320.49 km2, mainly caused by converting intertidal ecosystem into the land due to the demand for urban and industrial use sea. (b) The area of intertidal vegetation habitats (mangroves and salt marshes) increased from 23.22 hm2 to 132.2 hm2, with an increase of 4.7 times. The results also show that the restoration of the marine ecology in Xiamen has achieved remarkable results. (c) The marine ecosystem condition comprehensive index in Xiamen increased by 3.13% from 0.32 to 0.33. This shows that the marine ecosystem conditions in Xiamen remain well and have even slightly improved under the pressure of a rapidly developing economy and increasing population. This study provides practical technical methods for assessing offshore marine ecosystem in physical term to support integrated coastal management in coastal cities, and is important for assessing marine ecosystem services in the future.

Effects of economic growth target on the urban–rural income gap in China: An empirical study based on the urban bias theory

Urban–rural imbalance is a common phenomenon, and its prominent manifestation is the sustained expansion of the urban–rural income gap. For emerging countries, this gap encountered during the development process should be addressed by promoting development, which also puts forward high requirements for economic management. Inspired by political economy theory and the widening urban–rural income gap in China, this study constructs a theoretical framework of “purpose-behavior-performance-structure” based on the urban bias theory, and then quantitatively examines the effect of economic growth target on the urban–rural income gap based on panel data at the provincial level. In addition, we explore the mechanism by which economic growth targets affect the urban–rural income gap with the mediating effect model, and investigate the impact of marketization and spatial structure on the relationship between economic growth targets and urban–rural income gap with the moderating effect model. The results show that the economic growth target significantly contributes to the widening urban–rural income gap in the face of the political promotion incentives and economic growth target accountability system, and this effect exhibits substantial spatiotemporal heterogeneity. In addition, fiscal expenditure, fixed asset investment, and labor mismatch under urban bias are important mechanisms that lead to the widening urban–rural income gap, and the marketization level and spatial structure significantly affect this relationship. We put economic growth management, urban bias, and urban–rural income gap into the “purpose-behavior-performance-structure” theoretical framework, which provides a new explanatory perspective for understanding the urban–rural income gap in emerging economies, and new policy insights for rational economic growth management.

A Business Management Model in the Circular Economy: Technological Solutions for Plastic Recycling

Objectives: this article develops a model for managing business processes in a circular economy using technologies for plastic recycling. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical idea and basis of the article consists in the development of project management methodology, process approach in the closed-loop economy, development of methods and economic tools aimed at effective resource management taking into account waste reduction and increased reuse of plastic fractions in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The application of digital technologies and solutions in the context of business process management in the field of plastics recycling will be substantiated, which will allow to identify new opportunities and reserves for optimising business processes in this field, increasing the efficiency of resource use, improving the environment and reducing costs. Method: the work uses a project approach, a process approach, digital modeling methods, and the “polluter pays” method. To implement the process approach, it is proposed to use the concept of Business Process Management (BPM). Competent business process management allows the company to react quickly to changing market conditions and customer orientation. Digital modelling in this paper means the representation of actions in the form of business processes in the organisation of solid waste management, the 'polluter pays' method means the economic assessment and accounting of environmental damage in waste management in the costs of business processes. Results and Discussion: The results of the study can be used to introduce the process approach to plastics recycling in individual regions and countries for the development of a green economy. According to the estimates of the authors, the optimisation and cost reduction of business processes, taking into account the environmental factor and the increase of the revenue part of the project from the reuse and inclusion in the economic turnover of plastic waste recycling products on the scale of the considered city (population of 1800 thousand people, area of 2856 ha, 18.14 tonnes of plastic waste accumulated per day) will reduce the costs of business process management by more than 200 thousand euros. Research Implications: the results of the study can be used to justify projects for the processing and recycling of solid municipal waste, including plastic waste, to introduce environmentally friendly production, to reduce the negative impact on the environment, to develop a process approach to the organisation of all activities for the collection of plastic waste in the city, district. In addition, the application of the proposed approach allows to obtain economic benefits for companies through the sale of secondary resources for the processing of plastic waste, as well as to reduce the negative impact on the environment. Originality/ Value: The originality of the research and its value lies in a new scientific formulation of the problem of reducing environmental pollution from plastic waste through the use of business processes in the field of plastic recycling and digital solutions, as well as the possibility of practical application of the results obtained in the field of green economy.

Research on Cultural Consumption from the Perspective of Mental Accounting

Behavioral economics emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Compared to traditional economics, its theory is based on bounded rationality and combines with disciplines like psychology to address the limitations of traditional economic theory, providing more convincing explanations for market phenomena. Behavioral economics covers a wide range of topics, and this paper focuses on the perspective of mental accounting to study cultural consumption. Cultural consumption is the endogenous driving force for the development of the cultural industry. The psychological factors behind cultural consumption are key to influencing consumption decisions. Adopting the mental accounting theory from behavioral economics, residents' cultural consumption mental account consist of three main categories: economic capital account, cultural capital account, and social capital account, as well as six sub-accounts: transaction cost account, sunk cost account, leisure and entertainment account, aesthetic value account, social interaction account, and identity differentiation account. These accounts can effectively explain the influence mechanism between utility changes and cultural consumption behavior decisions. Based on the connotation and mechanism of the cultural consumption mental account theory, formulating various bundled sales strategies, reducing the sunk costs of cultural consumption, and promoting the high-quality development of the cultural industry are important paths to expand residents' cultural consumption. By integrating insights from behavioral economics, this approach can provide more effective solutions to boost cultural consumption and drive the sustainable development of the cultural industry.

State of the World's Rivers

In this review, we thoroughly analyze the state of global rivers, focusing on their physical and ecological characteristics as well as management strategies. The review results have helped us generate four recommendations. Firstly, rivers should be managed under a legally binding global accord at the basin level. Secondly, challenges related to river pollution and inappropriate project implementation can be mitigated by adopting newly defined strategic environmental assessments and the United Nations System of Environmental Economic Accounting. Thirdly, we need data from the latest scientific sources, such as geospatial sources, to better understand rivers at different scales as composite systems. The last recommendation calls for taking into account climate change concerns in river management approaches. We also outline a proposition for developing a river monitoring and assessment program in order to perform comprehensive and planet-wide river assessment. The article elaborates on the strategies for achieving these recommendations.

Ecosystem Accounting for Marine-Based Tourism provided by Posidonia oceanica in Italy

This work presents the first ecosystem accounts for Marine-Based Tourism (MBT) in Italy. We develop a methodological approach to connect biophysical and economic information required to fill ecosystem accounting supply and use tables. Coherent with the System of Environmental Economic Accounting – Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA) framework, this approach starts by estimating the extent and the condition of marine ecosystems, showing the urgency in improving the availability, organisation and accessibility of biophysical data. This work provides valuable insights into understanding MBT from an ecosystem accounting perspective. We focus on the Posidonia oceanica and its role in the MBT sector in Italy, providing a physical quantification of such contribution and converting this flow into monetary terms. Our findings show that such habitat significantly contributes to the tourism sector, resulting in exchange values of MBT of €6 million in 2019 and €3.7 million in 2021.

Optimising Marine Basic Spatial Units (MBSU) for Ocean Accounting using empirical data from Saleh Bay, Indonesia

Ocean Accounts, aligned with the UN System of Environmental Economic Accounting – Environmental Accounting (SEEA EA), bring together economic, social and environmental information in a coherent and standardised manner. Ecosystem extent is a structure to understand environmental assets and uses a basic spatial unit to facilitate the classification and measurement of ecosystems by type. This study tested the impact of grid size and method of designation per grid cell for Marine Basic Spatial Units (MBSU), using Saleh Bay, Indonesia as a case study. The extent of mangrove, seagrass and coral reefs were previously delineated in 2021 for ocean accounting activities. This study tested grids with two different cell sizes (10 x 10 m2 and 25 x 25 m2) and two different methods of designation, namely: (i) dominance (extent-based) and (ii) hierarchy (criteria-based) methods. The results indicated that a larger grid size is related to higher error in estimating both total area per ecosystem and spatial configuration within the study area. The dominance method produced more accurate results than the hierarchy method, although, when considering computational trade-offs, a larger grid size and the hierarchy method observed a much lower computational cost. These results demonstrate the need to carefully consider grid size and method when designating basic spatial units for accounting activities, as they impact linked accounting tables and, in turn, have implications when providing information for management and policy.

Bio-economic analysis of irrigation schedules considering shallow groundwater: lessons from South Africa

Due to the pressure on South Africa’s irrigated agriculture to improve efficiency and optimal water use, irrigators must consider alternative water sources, such as root-accessible shallow groundwater tables, to supply the crop evapotranspiration requirement. Devising irrigation scheduling strategies that will optimize conjunctive water use is difficult because the contribution of shallow groundwater tables is not directly observed and is a function of irrigation management decisions; as a result, very few irrigators use these strategies. This paper aims to evaluate the profitability of using shallow groundwater tables as a source of irrigation water to satisfy crop evapotranspiration requirements. A bio-economic simulation model consisting of the soil–water–atmosphere–plant model and an economic accounting module was developed to calculate the profitability of conjunctive irrigation practices under different states of nature. The bio-economic simulation model was linked to a differential evolutionary algorithm to optimize the irrigation scheduling decisions. The results showed that irrigators could substantially increase profitability and water use efficiency if they consider the shallow groundwater table in their irrigation decision. About 51% of crop evapotranspiration could originate from shallow groundwater tables, reducing the irrigation requirements substantially without impacting crop yields. Sequential adaptive irrigation decision-making does not improve the bio-economic indicators much since using the shallow groundwater table mitigates the risk of undersupplying water. Therefore, conjunctive water use strategies using shallow groundwater tables economically benefit irrigators. However, a complex interplay exists between irrigation adjustments, crop yields and economic performance in different states, emphasizing the careful consideration of context-specific factors in irrigation management decisions.

How to account for nature-based solutions as the ecological assets that support economy and society

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are ecological assets that support economy and society with a variety of services. Through integrated environmental and economic accounting systems, it is possible to measure and monitor these services and eventually integrate NBS into decision-making processes. This commentary presents the System of Environmental and Economic Accounts (SEEA), and in particular the Ecosystem Accounting modules where NBS may find a suitable format to systematically link changes in ecological assets with services and benefits provided to economic activities and people. If well structured, such information could significantly support policy actions through transparent cause-and-effect relationships.

RELEVANSI PRINSIP-PRINSIP EKONOMI DAN AKUNTANSI TERHADAP QS. AL-BAQARAH AYAT 282

This article explains that Islam has a significant role in regulating the relationship and interaction between humans and God as well as fellow humans, other creatures, and the environment through the rules of muamalah. The concept of accounting in Islam, known as al-muhasābah, is included in the realm of muamalah which is related to the ability of the human mind. Accounting is the measurement, description, or provision of certainty regarding financial information that helps decision-making in companies, organizations, and government agencies. The Qur'an has explained the basic concept of accounting long before the introduction of the concept of double-entry bookkeeping economic and accounting by Lucas Pacioli. Surah Al-Baqarah verse 282 outlines the concept of accounting which emphasizes responsibility or accountability in muamalah. This verse emphasizes the importance of recording transactions correctly, openness, and justice between the two parties. This research uses library research method to identify and analyze the relevance of economic and accounting principles with verse 282 in the Qur'an. In the letter, there are three relevant accounting principles: accountability, fairness, and truth. The principle of accountability emphasizes the importance of each party involved in the transaction to be responsible for their actions. The principle of justice emphasizes correct and fair recording, while the principle of truth creates fairness in recognizing, measuring, and reporting economic transactions. Thus, the relationship of economic accounting principles with verse 282 of the Qur'an confirms the importance of integrity, fairness, and obedience in economic activities in accordance with Islamic values. This study aims to strengthen the understanding of the relevance of accounting principles to Islamic teachings, so as to contribute to the development of business practices that are in accordance with Islamic value

FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL MANAGEMENT SUPPORT

The article decomposes the foreign economic activity of enterprise through the prism of accounting and analytical support of management. It has been determined that current trends in the development of the domestic and world economy, specificity and peculiarities of activities of individual business entities in the field of foreign economic relations, the need for further development of methodology and methods of accounting and analysis of foreign economic activity, taking into account the objectively arising needs for the development of information support for management, determine the relevance of decomposition of foreign economic activity in the system of accounting and analytical support for management. It is substantiated that the basis for the decomposition of foreign economic activity in the system of accounting and analytical support of management is the concept of the type of activity. The organisation of accounting of foreign economic activity at a particular enterprise is largely determined by the type of foreign economic activity inherent in this enterprise. In the process of production and economic activity, enterprises, as a rule, face several types of foreign economic operations simultaneously. The accounting and analytical aspects of management of foreign economic activity of enterprise are systematised. A model of decomposition of the foreign economic activity of enterprise has been developed. It is proposed that the model of decomposition of foreign economic activity of enterprise should include types of foreign economic activity and accounting and analytical aspects, grouped into blocks: key aspects; characteristics of types of foreign economic activity, organisational and legal conditions, purpose, directions and results of functioning, accounting approaches and basic analytical criteria, performance indicators, structural construction and functioning, etc. The developed model provides for the reflection and determination of performance results by types, subtypes, segments and other classification features of foreign economic activity in order to obtain analytical, detailed, transparent and relevant information based on financial, management and strategic accounting data. Formation of an integrated system of accounting and analysis of foreign economic activity is based on consideration of regulatory, contractual, structural, accounting, analytical, control and software and hardware support of foreign economic activity.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Zakat Fund Distribution Program by BAZNAS West Kalimantan (2019 - 2023)

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Zakat, Infaq and Sedekah (ZIS) fund distribution program by BAZNAS West Kalimantan in improving the welfare of beneficiary communities during the 2019-2023 period. Using a secondary data analysis approach, data was obtained from BAZNAS annual reports, government publications, scientific articles and other sources. Qualitative research methods with descriptive analysis were used to evaluate the effectiveness of ZIS fund distribution based on the ACR (Allocation to Collection Ratio) ratio in the Zakat Core Principle model. The research results show that ZIS fund collection experienced fluctuations during this period, with fund distribution always reaching 100% of the funds collected each year. The ACR ratio which consistently reaches 100% shows that BAZNAS West Kalimantan is very effective in distributing ZIS funds. The ZIS fund distribution program has a positive impact on community welfare, especially in access to education and health, although the long-term impact on economic empowerment still requires improvement. The success of the program is influenced by the quality of BAZNAS management, community participation, government support, and collaboration with various institutions. Recommendations for increasing effectiveness include strengthening economic empowerment, increasing transparency and accountability, improving program management, collaborating with external parties, and regularly evaluating program impacts. This research provides recommendations for improving the ZIS fund distribution program, with the hope that ZIS fund management can be more optimal and precise the target is to improve the welfare of the beneficiary communities in West Kalimantan.

THE ROLE OF ESG BUSINESS REPORTING IN WATER MANAGEMENT

The rational use of water resources by business structures requires the development of appropriate strategies and their adherence to the chosen policy in terms of management of these objects: drawing up programs and plans, introducing environmental protection actions, displaying the economic effect and documenting all transactions, minimizing negative impacts on the environment and presentation of the positive and negative consequences of the use of natural resources in the format of ESG reporting, which discloses information about the activities of companies in the field of Environmental aspects, Social responsibility and Corporate Governance. This practice positions companies as an active participant in sustainable development and allows them to increase their own ratings, which makes it possible to have advantages in attracting investments and targeted financing, increasing one's own competitiveness due to improved trust in such companies, etc. Improving the quality of information in ESG reporting on water resources management and related processes allows stakeholders to receive complete and reliable information when making management decisions. On the basis of the study of ESG reporting of 8 corporations from Ukraine in terms of the use of water resources during the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development, positive and problematic practices of companies were identified when preparing the necessary data for reporting. During this analysis, the experience and legislative guidelines on the exploitation of water resources and the use of ecological and economic accounting of water in the countries were taken into account. In addition, approaches to applying the level of materiality in ESG reporting were analyzed when reporting in this format. The results of the study made it possible to rank the elements of water resources management of economic entities according to the rule of materiality of data in ESG reporting and to propose an algorithm for compiling ESG reporting in the part of water resources management, taking into account the level of materiality. The article substantiates the directions of providing companies with adequate information on water resources management measures and reflecting such practices in ESG reporting to meet the needs of internal and external users. The directions of further scientific research in the field of reporting on the use of water resources by various business entities are also outlined. A critical analysis of the peculiarities of ESG reporting in the area of water resources management can provide an opportunity for top managers of domestic companies to improve the quality of financial and non-financial information, which, in turn, will contribute to the improvement of the corporate governance system on the one hand, and on the other hand, improve the satisfaction of information users. requests of all stakeholders when making their own management decisions.

The Short-Term Causality Management Between Economic Growth and Excise Revenue: Review of Economic Regulation and Accounting Best Practice

The Short-Term Causality Management Between Economic Growth and Excise Revenue: Review of Economic Regulation and Accounting Best Practice

Akuntansi Mudharabah

In line with the development of sharia economics, sharia financial institutions in managing their activities are also required to be more optimal in managing and applying the mudharabah accounting concept as an opportunity or opportunity to develop business or investment with capital that they do not have so as to create a concept of mutual benefit between the parties involved. concerned. In order to obtain these benefits, it is necessary to understand in detail the procedures and criteria and mudharabah accounting that are in accordance with the rules that have been established. So, the purpose of the discussion of this article is to examine the concept of mudharabah accounting in Islamic economics. The importance of this discussion topic as a reference for humans, especially Muslims to be able to understand matters relating to mudharabah accounting.

Are financial sanctions truly “smart”? Evidence from the perspective of cross‐border capital flows

AbstractFew studies are found to examine the impact of financial sanctions on cross‐border capital flows. Using a panel data from 48 countries from 2000 to 2019, this paper aims to examine the impact of financial sanctions on the volatility of cross‐border capital flows. We employ difference‐in‐differences (DID) and spatial DID (SDID) models, showing the result that financial sanctions lead to an exacerbation of the volatility of cross‐border capital inflows and outflows in the targeted country, with the channel of negative impact on the financial sector in the targeted country. The subsample regressions indicate heterogeneous impacts of financial sanctions depending on economic structure and capital account openness. Additionally, the result of the SDID model shows that financial sanctions cause cross‐border transmission of financial risks, and that the spatial spillover effect of financial sanctions will also have negative economic impacts on other countries in addition to the target country. The significance of this study lies in emphasizing that international financial sanctions affect the economy of target countries through cross‐border capital flows. Meanwhile, we confirm that financial sanctions pose a certain threat to global financial stability.