Ecological Drainage Research Articles

Application of Sponge City Ecological Landscape Design in Residential District

In response to the escalating challenges posed by rapid urbanization, this article conducts a comprehensive exploration of innovative models for urban water management. Through a comparative analysis, we delve into the principles, methodologies, and potential outcomes of three prominent models: the Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), Water-Sensitive City Model (WSUD), and Depression-Infiltration Canal System Model. Each model offers a unique perspective on addressing urban water challenges, emphasizing sustainability, adaptability, and environmental protection. The SUDS model emphasizes replicating natural ecological drainage systems to mitigate urban waterlogging, enhance water quality, and promote sustainable water management practices. Incorporating green infrastructure, natural ecological restoration, and community participation, the WSUD model integrates various aspects of water management to achieve effective utilization and recycling of water resources while enhancing urban resilience. This paper is helpful to promote a more sustainable and flexible future.

Pemodelan Sistem Dinamik Eco-Drainage di Wilayah Tanah Basah (Studi Kasus Kawasan Kelapa Gading DKI Jakarta)

An Ecological drainage becomes an application in this development project in the Kelapa Gading area. The drainage concept that is applied is a drainage system in which rainwater that falls on road surface runoff will flow directly into the water infiltration system and directly fill the ground surface water. G eologically, it can be seen that North Jakarta is an area with a fairly high ground water level (MAT), and has an average MAT elevation of 2 - 2.5 m. This study intends to determine the ability of this ecodrainage to reduce runoff/floods that often occur in areas with a fairly high MAL. What direct benefits can be felt in the use of ecodrainage in these flood-prone areas, thus making the basic reason for applying this ecodrainage. This study uses a dynamic systems approach. In the preparation of the dynamic system model, Powersim Studio Version 10 software will be assisted. The simulation results show that an increase in rainfall every year will provide an increasing flood potential. By using eco-drainage, it is felt that it is not optimal enough to reduce runoff in areas that have high MAT levels. However, this ecodrainage still provides broad sustainability benefits. The quantity of groundwater will slowly be filled up to the aquier layer through this ecodrainage. This step is considered to be able to help prevent the aquifer layer from being exposed and have an impact on the rate of land subsidence so that the potential for flooding will decrease.

The streamwise velocity distribution in a two-stage channel with ice cover

Abstract The problem of agricultural non-point source pollution has become increasingly serious. How to determine the ecological drainage ditch system is one of the effective methods to solve the agricultural non-point source pollution. This research study focuses on the velocity distribution in a two-stage section ecological channel with ice cover. The results show that the two-stage section channel with ice cover can effectively reduce the flow velocity in the channel and increase the retention time of water in the channel. By comparing with the experimental data, the accuracy of the analytical solution is high, which provides a theoretical reference for the transport of sediment and pollutions in a two-stage section channel with ice cover in the future.

Loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from farmland runoff and the interception effect of an ecological drainage ditch in the North China Plain—A field study in a modern agricultural park

Agricultural non-point source pollution caused by excessive fertilization is a problem in the North China Plain. The experimental site was at a modern high-tech agricultural park in Dezhou City of Shandong Province that is located within the lower Yellow River impact plain. The fertilization, irrigation, and crop management in the modern agricultural park were investigated to determine the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus loss of the total input. An ecological drainage ditch was constructed in the modern agricultural park in 2016. At the same time, a Doppler flowmeter and a runoff automatic acquisition instrument were installed in the inlet and outlet of the ecological drainage ditch for monitoring the flow of runoff and collecting runoff samples under natural rainfall in 2018 and 2019. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment runoff contents were determined in the laboratory in order to calculate the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from farmland runoff and the nitrogen and phosphorus interception rate of the ecological drainage ditch. The results showed that there were a total of 13 runoff events in 2018 and 2019 and that the average concentration of total nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland runoff was 2.63–18.84 mg·L−1and 0.81–13.14 mg·L−1 in both years combined, respectively. The main forms of nitrogen found in runoff were NO3−-N, and the main form of phosphorus found in runoff was particulate phosphorus. The amount of nitrogen and phosphorus lost through runoff was 2.90% and 5.07%, respectively, of the average nitrogen and phosphorus input from both years combined. Runoff was generated when daily precipitation was above 17.4 mm and daily maximum precipitation intensity was above 5.1 mm·h−1. There was a linear relationship between daily precipitation, daily maximum precipitation intensity, and the amount of runoff after natural rainfall. A linear regression equation was established to predict the amount of runoff in the study area. The results indicated that ecological ditches in the watersheds of modern agricultural parks could be used to intercept nitrogen and phosphorus from farmland runoff effectively.

Study on the Whole Process Simulation and Regulation Mechanism of Urban Green Ecological Rainwater Drainage System

In view of the frequent waterlogging caused by rapid urbanization and the public’s dissatisfaction with the drainage system, the article based on the concept of the green ecological drainage system, constructed the urban gr... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press

Numerical simulation model of vertical velocity distribution in a channel with artificial floating bed

Abstract Artificial floating bed (AFB), as a novel type of ecological drainage ditch, is extensively used worldwide. To more effectively design the structure of the project, an accurate velocity model is required. In this study, a two-dimensional Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was employed for the simulation of the vertical velocity in a channel with AFB. The large eddy simulation (LES) was conducted to simulate turbulent flows, while the drag force of AFB was discretized with a centered scheme. Two sets of experimental data were used to verify the model, the mean value of root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) are 0.93 and 1.84, respectively. This proved that the proposed model is more effective to simulate the vertical velocity in a channel with AFB.

Study on the construction of ecological drainage pipe with critter crossing function.

Study on the construction of ecological drainage pipe with critter crossing function.

Is ecoregional scale precise enough for lake nutrient criteria? Insights from a novel relationship-based clustering approach

While the ecoregional lake nutrient criteria have been widely used in the past two decades, the overconfidence on their applicability may mislead the pollution management decisions, considering the spatial heterogeneity within the ecoregion. The exploration of applicability is thereby important, but is hindered by the difficulty in recognizing reliable relationship patterns between the nutrient and management endpoint. We propose a novel relationship-based clustering approach (RCA) to explore whether the ecoregional scale is precise enough for nutrient criteria. The approach (a) simulates relationships using Bayesian Linear Models, (b) clusters lakes according to relationship similarities via relationship mapping and hierarchical clustering, and (c) identifies reliable relationship patterns based on the leave-one-out cross-validation. The RCA is then employed to explore Chlorophyll a-total phosphorus relationships of 34 lakes in four Ecological Drainage Units (EDUs) in the U.S. Long-term water quality data is from a newly established database (LAGOS-NE). The results show that multiple relationship patterns exist in all the EDUs. The ecoregional relationships misestimate the nutrient effect in over a half of lakes. Therefore, we determine that the ecoregional scale is not precise enough for nutrient criteria and the sub-ecoregional scale is then recommended. Besides, the RCA provides a backward thinking for determining the spatial scale and can be used in some other fields where relationship-based clustering is needed.

Comparative evaluation of various approaches to the foundation of parameters of agricultural drainage

Abstract The traditional and optimization approaches to substantiation of the parameters of agricultural drainage and the results of their comparative effectiveness are considered. The results of calculation of the defined yields of crops grown at appropriate levels of drainage efficiency show that in given conditions the optimal distance between the drains at the lowest level of the hierarchy of crop performance varied from 20 m for potatoes in peat up to 38 m for cereals on sand at the appropriate change of calculation of the drainage runoff module across the entire spectrum of efficiency from ecological drainage of 0.4 m2·day-1 to the economic one of 0.85 m2·day-1.

Estimation of the removal efficiency of heavy metals and nutrients from ecological drainage ditches treating town sewage during dry and wet seasons.

Vegetated drainage ditches (ecological drainage ditches, EDD) are commonly used for the treatment of nutrients, suspended solids, and pesticides, from agricultural lands and aquaculture effluent. However, their effectiveness to remove heavy metals/metalloids (HM/Ms) and fate remains largely unexplored. In addition, there exists some uncertainty concerning the performance of the EDD in treating HM/Ms. This study presents a thorough assessment on the removal efficiencies of HM/Ms and identifies the parameters affecting the HM/Ms removal process in the EDD receiving primary domestic sewage for 13years. The mean concentrations of the studied HM/Ms in sediments were lower than those reported in the aquatic ecosystems affected by coal-mine drainage and industrial wastewaters. The results also showed that the concentrations of the selected HM/Ms in ditch sediment were generally far higher than the soil background values of Sichuan basin. Concentrations of all the studied HM/Ms and nutrients in water entering the EDD were significantly higher than the effluent. The annual mean removal efficiencies of Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Fe, Al, Mn, N, and P in the ecological drainage ditch were 50.6, 56.1, 63.3, 79.3, 67.5, 80.1, 60.3, 52.6, 19.8, 24.3, 72.0, and 59.7%, respectively. The study also displayed that dissolved oxygen levels at the outlet were significantly (p<0.001) higher after passing into the EDD system. The pH was kept at neutral or alkaline. Removal of HM/Ms and nutrients was seasonal, generally peaking in the growing season. Sedimentation was the major mechanism removing HM/Ms within the EDD system. EDD was found to possess a favorable influence at mitigating HM/Ms and nutrients in situ and can be successfully utilized to resolve this type of environmental pollution.

Freshwater Aquatic Ecosystem Representation in British Columbia's Provincial Protected Area System

ABSTRACT: A Geographic Information System was used to analyze the protected fraction of river and lake ecosystem types in British Columbia (BC) to inform a more proportionally representative provincial protected areas system. Ecological Aquatic Units of BC (EAUBC) is a system of hierarchically classified rivers and lakes based on physiographic, climatic, and Zoogeographic characteristics. We analyzed the number and area of all 36 Ecological Drainage Units (EDUs), 23 river types (based on 18,100 classified rivers), and 12 lake types (based on 67,484 classified lakes) in BC, and considered each type under- or adequately represented relative to the total province-wide protected area (13.7%). Twenty-three of the 36 EDUs in BC are underrepresented. Coastal river ecosystems have a greater percentage of area protected relative to their total area compared to headwater, mainstem, and tributary systems. Underrepresented river ecosystem types include interior low-relief rivers, especially those in the northeast, an...

The role of monitoring sustainable drainage systems for promoting transition towards regenerative urban built environments: a case study in the Valencian region, Spain

Sustainable drainage systems are an alternative and holistic approach to conventional urban stormwater management that use and enhance natural processes to mimic pre-development hydrology, adding a number of well-recognized, although not so often quantified benefits. However, transitions towards regenerative urban built environments that widely incorporate sustainable drainage systems are “per se” innovative journeys that encounter barriers which include the limited evidence on the performance of these systems which, in many countries, are still unknown to professionals and decision makers. A further important barrier is the frequently poor interaction among stakeholders; key items such as sustainable drainage systems provide collective benefits which also demand collective efforts. With the aim of overcoming such innovation-driven barriers, six showcase projects (including rain gardens acting as infiltration basins, swales and a green roof) to demonstrate the feasibility and suitability of sustainable drainage systems were developed and/or retrofitted in two cities of the Valencian region of Spain as a part of an European project, and their performance was monitored for a year. The data acquired, after being fully analyzed and presented to a group of key regional stakeholders, is proving to be a valuable promoter of the desired transition (for instance in influencing the support to SuDS in recent regional legislation). This paper presents detailed data on how these urban ecological drainage infrastructure elements reduce runoff (peak flows and volumes) and improve its quality, contributing to the goal of healthier and livable cities. The data show that the pilots have good hydraulic performance under a typical Mediterranean climate and also provided water quality benefits. Furthermore, it shows how engagement can contribute to smarter governance in the sense of smoothing the difficulties faced by innovation when being presented, understood, and endorsed by professionals and decision-makers in the field of stormwater management. Finally, activities undertaken in the demonstration sites monitored, show how they have been drivers of innovation and transition towards a new stormwater paradigm in Spain, serving as a reference to other urban areas in the Mediterranean.

Predicting Brook Trout Occurrence in Stream Reaches throughout their Native Range in the Eastern United States

AbstractThe Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis is an important species of conservation concern in the eastern USA. We developed a model to predict Brook Trout population status within individual stream reaches throughout the species’ native range in the eastern USA. We utilized hierarchical logistic regression with Bayesian estimation to predict Brook Trout occurrence probability, and we allowed slopes and intercepts to vary among ecological drainage units (EDUs). Model performance was similar for 7,327 training samples and 1,832 validation samples based on the area under the receiver operating curve (∼0.78) and Cohen's kappa statistic (0.44). Predicted water temperature had a strong negative effect on Brook Trout occurrence probability at the stream reach scale and was also negatively associated with the EDU average probability of Brook Trout occurrence (i.e., EDU‐specific intercepts). The effect of soil permeability was positive but decreased as EDU mean soil permeability increased. Brook Trout were less likely to occur in stream reaches surrounded by agricultural or developed land cover, and an interaction suggested that agricultural land cover also resulted in an increased sensitivity to water temperature. Our model provides a further understanding of how Brook Trout are shaped by habitat characteristics in the region and yields maps of stream‐reach‐scale predictions, which together can be used to support ongoing conservation and management efforts. These decision support tools can be used to identify the extent of potentially suitable habitat, estimate historic habitat losses, and prioritize conservation efforts by selecting suitable stream reaches for a given action. Future work could extend the model to account for additional landscape or habitat characteristics, include biotic interactions, or estimate potential Brook Trout responses to climate and land use changes.Received May 9, 2014; accepted August 26, 2014

Multi‐scaled drivers of ecosystem state: quantifying the importance of the regional spatial scale

The regional spatial scale is a vital linkage for the informed extrapolation of results from local to continental scales to address broad-scale environmental problems. Among-region variation in ecosystem state is commonly accounted for by using a regionalization framework, such as an ecoregion classification. Rarely have alternative regionalization frameworks been tested for variables measuring ecosystem state, nor have the underlying relationships with the variables that are used to define them been assessed. In this study, we asked two questions: (1) How much among-region variation is there for ecosystems and does it differ by regionalization framework? (2) What are the likely causes of this among-region variation? We present a case study using a large data set of lake water chemistry, uni- and multi-scaled hydrogeomorphic and anthropogenic driver variables that likely influence lake chemistry at the subcontinental scale, and seven existing regionalization frameworks. We used multilevel models to quantify and explain within- and among-region variation in lake water chemistry. Our models account for local driver variables of ecosystem variation within regions, differences in regional mean ecosystem state (i.e., random intercepts in multilevel models), and differences in relationships between local drivers and ecosystem state by region (i.e., random slopes in multilevel models). Using one of the best performing regionalization frameworks (Ecological Drainage Units), we found that for lake phosphorus and alkalinity: (1) a majority of all the variation in water chemistry among the studied lakes occurred among regions, (2) very few regional-scale landscape driver variables were required to explain among-region variation in lake water chemistry, (3) a much higher proportion of the total variation among lakes was explained at the regional scale than at the local scale, and (4) some relationships between local-scale driver variables and lake water chemistry varied by region. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering the regional spatial scale for broad-scale research and ecosystem management and conservation. Our quantitative approach can be easily applied to other response variables, ecosystem types, geographic areas, and spatial extents to inform ecosystem responses to global environmental stressors.

Grouping Lakes for Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring: The Roles of Regionalization and Spatial Scale

Regionalization frameworks cluster geographic data to create contiguous regions of similar climate, geology and hydrology by delineating land into discrete regions, such as ecoregions or watersheds, often at several spatial scales. Although most regionalization schemes were not originally designed for aquatic ecosystem classification or management, they are often used for such purposes, with surprisingly few explicit tests of the relative ability of different regionalization frameworks to group lakes for water quality monitoring and assessment. We examined which of 11 different lake grouping schemes at two spatial scales best captures the maximum amount of variation in water quality among regions for total nutrients, water clarity, chlorophyll, overall trophic state, and alkalinity in 479 lakes in Michigan (USA). We conducted analyses on two data sets: one that included all lakes and one that included only minimally disturbed lakes. Using hierarchical linear models that partitioned total variance into within-region and among-region components, we found that ecological drainage units and 8-digit hydrologic units most consistently captured among-region heterogeneity at their respective spatial scales using all lakes (variation among lake groups = 3% to 50% and 12% to 52%, respectively). However, regionalization schemes capture less among-region variance for minimally disturbed lakes. Diagnostics of spatial autocorrelation provided insight into the relative performance of regionalization frameworks but also demonstrated that region size is only partly responsible for capturing variation among lakes. These results suggest that regionalization schemes can provide useful frameworks for lake water quality assessment and monitoring but that we must identify the appropriate spatial scale for the questions being asked, the type of management applied, and the metrics being assessed.