Ecological Civilization Construction In China Research Articles

Decoding the impact of fiscal decentralization on urban pollution intensity in China: A spatial econometric analysis

Utilizing city-level data from China, the paper employs a spatial econometric analysis to investigate the impact of fiscal decentralization on urban pollution. Empirical evidence indicates: (1) In the context of the emphasis of ecological civilization construction in China, an increase of fiscal autonomy for local governments is conducive to mitigating urban pollution intensity. Specifically, fiscal decentralization in one city not only promotes a reduction in local pollution intensity but alleviates environmental pollution problems in adjacent cities through spatial spillover effects. (2) Industrial structure upgrading and green technology progress become crucial measures for local governments to realize pollution reduction targets through fiscal expenditure. (3) Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive significance of decentralization is most prominent in the eastern China, while local governments with fiscal autonomy in central region tend to transfer pollution to neighboring cities. (4) There is a threshold characteristic for fiscal decentralization to promote a reduction in urban pollution intensity, and its marginal effect becomes more significant accompanied by continuous introduction of sophisticated foreign direct investment. Finally, the paper summarizes the potential significance of fiscal decentralization among Chinese local governments against the background of “Chinese-style decentralization” and proposes corresponding policy recommendations.

How to effectively achieve air pollutant reduction and carbon mitigation in China's industrial sector? A study based on decomposition analysis and scenario simulation.

Reducing air pollutant and carbon emissions in the industrial sector is crucial for the ecological civilization construction in China. In this study, we first employ the generalized Divisia index method to analyze the driving factors of industrial CO2 and SO2 emissions, incorporating fixed asset investment and R&D input. The key sub-sectors that exert significant impact on emissions of the whole industrial sector are identified. And then, scenario analysis and Monte Carlo simulation are utilized to predict future trends and potential for reducing CO2 and SO2 emissions. Furthermore, the carbon peaking time of the industrial sub-sectors is investigated. The results indicate that fixed asset investment and R&D input both have played positive roles in CO2 and SO2 emissions. Emission reduction is mainly driven by investment emission intensity, output emission intensity, and R&D emission intensity. Sub-sectors S09, S10, S11, S12, and S18 present substantial potential for reducing air pollutant and carbon emissions. Although SO2 emissions from the industrial sector are projected to decrease in the future, the peak of CO2 emissions have not been reached. The carbon peak time for the whole industrial sector is predicted in 2025, with the peak of 7892.33 Mt. The five key sub-sectors are anticipated to reach the respective carbon emission peaks at different times. Therefore, to effectively implement industrial air pollutant and carbon reduction, the role of fixed asset investment and R&D input should be fully utilized, and high-energy consumption and high-emission sub-sectors should be prioritized for action.

Spatial and Temporal Coupling Coordination and Influencing Factors of Digital Inclusive Finance and Ecological Civilization Construction in China

This paper uses the spatial coupled coordination model, spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial Durbin model to explore the spatio-temporal pattern and influencing factors of the coupled coordination index between ecological civilization construction (ECC) and digital finance (DF). The results show that: (1) From 2011 to 2021, the coupling coordination degree between ECC and DF in China shows an increasing trend. Besides, the degree of coupling coordination has obvious spatial diversity. The eastern provinces are generally larger than the western provinces, and this pattern is relatively stable. (2) The coupling degree between neighboring provinces and cities has a strong positive correlation, and it is growing every year recently. (3) The test results of spatial Durbin model show that the human capital, economic growth, technological innovation and trade factors can help coupling coordination to raise. cities development and industrial structure have negative effects on coupling coordination.

Spatial and temporal evolution of the eco-efficiency of cultivated land use in the region around Beijing–Tianjin based on the Super-EBM model

The eco-efficiency of cultivated land use (ECLU) is an important indicator for ecological civilization construction in China. Exploring the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution of the ECLU is helpful for the sustainable use of arable land, ensuring food security and ecological security. However, previous studies have mostly focused on the use of a slacks-based measure (SBM) model for ECLU measurement, ignoring the more accurate epsilon-based measure (EBM) model. Therefore, in this study, first, we explored the conceptual framework of the ECLU, and then, based on 2005–2020 panel data covering the counties in the region around Beijing and Tianjin, we investigated the spatial and temporal evolution of the ECLU by using the Super-EBM model, kernel density estimation method, and spatial Markov chain model. The results show the following: 1) From 2005 to 2020, the ECLU in the region around Beijing and Tianjin displayed an increasing state, but the average value was only 0.55. 2) The temporal evolution of the ECLU has gradually polarized, and the internal gap has widened, but it tends to stabilize. 3) The ECLU in the region around Beijing and Tianjin was more inclined to remain the same, and there was a “club convergence” phenomenon, which was meaningfully affected by the background of neighboring areas. In this article, we emphasize the significance of the super‐efficient EBM model in measuring the ecological efficiency of arable land use, and discuss the spatiotemporal evolution of the ecological efficiency of arable land use at a deeper level. In light of local conditions, the government should reasonably formulate a path to optimize the ECLU, strengthen the linkage with surrounding cities, and bring into play the positive spillover effect.

A Preliminary Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Ecological Product Value Realization in China Based on the DPSIR Model

Ecological Product Value Realization (EPVR) is regarded as an effective tool for ecological civilization construction in China and has received widespread attention. Based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, this study constructs a multi-layered evaluation index system for the effectiveness of EPVR in China from a systemic perspective and determines the weights of the indicators through the entropy weight method. On this basis, an empirical analysis of the EPVR effectiveness in China from 2011 to 2021 is conducted using the TOPSIS method, the coupling coordination degree model, and the obstacle diagnosis model. The results show that the whole effectiveness of EPVR in China has been significantly improved during the study period, with the composite evaluation index increasing from 0.1481 to 0.7680, which can be categorized into a slow exploration period (2011 to 2016) and a rapid development period (2017 to 2021). The development effectiveness and the state of coupling coordination varies between subsystems, and the main obstacle factors are not fixed. The above results verify the scientific nature and applicability of the index system, which can provide a new assessment method to promote the efficient utilization of resources and sustainability. This study also makes recommendations in terms of ecological product supply, natural resource utilization, eco-industry, and coordinated development.

Urbanization with the pursuit of efficiency and ecology: Theory and evidence from China

The urbanization-environment nexus has been widely studied and discussed in academia and practice. However, previous studies have primarily relied on empirical analyses using outcome indicators such as CO2 emissions and often overlooked the role of policy and governance, which is not compatible with China's unique top-down urbanization model. To address this gap, this study presents a new perspective on the urbanization-environmental nexus by analyzing the impacts of ecological policy considerations on urbanization. It is the first to provide theoretical deductions and empirical extensions of such effects, using general equilibrium models, welfare analysis, and regression analysis with Chinese provincial data. The study draws three key findings. Firstly, it provides both theoretical models and empirical evidence from China that substantiate the negative impacts of ecological policy considerations on urbanization. Secondly, the study highlights the regional heterogeneity of the impacts, which are more significant across central and western regions of China and in regions without pilot cities of pollution rights trading (PRT) or carbon emission trading (CET) schemes. Finally, the study identifies two effective mechanisms for realizing the negative effects: reducing urban gas supply and labor-intensive industrial output. In order to strike a balance between urbanization and eco-environment, it is crucial to upgrade and implement the green transformation of urban energy systems and labor-intensive industrial production modes. These conclusions enrich our theoretical and empirical understanding of the urbanization-environment nexus, and emphasize the critical role of policy making and government intervention in achieving sustainable urbanization and ecological civilization construction in China.

How to Evaluate Ecological Civilization Construction and Its Regional Differences: Evidence from China

Ecological civilization construction (ECC) has positive significance for the sustainable development of China, and it has specific Chinese characteristics. This paper design an index system of ECC based on environmental, societal and economic dimensions. Panel data for the 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021 were collected from the statistical yearbook released by the Chinese government, and then we evaluated ecological civilization construction by using the entropy TOPSIS method and the coefficient of variation. This paper’s findings are as follows: firstly, the level of ECC in China presents a rising trend, with the level of ECC in China riing from 0.355 in 2012 to 0.553 in 2021. Secondly, China’s ECC has experienced three stages: a rapid rise period (2013–2016), a gradual decline period (2017–2019) and a steady rise period (2020–2021). Thirdly, the level of ECC in China is high in the central region and low in the eastern region and western region. Fourth, the dispersion degree of ECC in the 30 provinces of China first reduced and then expanded, and the dispersion degree of ECC ranges from high to low in the eastern region, western region and central region, respectively. Fifth, although there is a regional imbalance in the level of ecological civilization construction in different regions of China, their coefficients of variation from 2012 to 2021 are less than 0.2. Finally, some suggestions are proposed to improve ECC based on research findings.

The role of Marxist ecological view on environmental protection in China

Ecological problems and environmental problems have become more and more frequent, constantly sounding the alarm for people, seriously threatening the safety of people's lives and even survival. The construction of ecological culture has become an essential part of modern society and a vital wealth. Therefore, it is urgent to organize the study of the relevant concepts and theories of ecological construction, explain and solve the problems encountered in practice, and guide people to make scientific judgments. The main purpose of this article is to study the structure of ecological civilization from the perspective of Marxist ecological view. By analyzing ecological and environmental issues, following the principles of ecological civilization construction, adopting appropriate means, and relying on an indicator system for evaluation. This article constructs a comprehensive indicator system for the level of ecological environment protection, and analyzes the global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation of the comprehensive indicators. Research shows that urbanization construction and energy efficiency protection are still in a moderate imbalance state. Due to the lag of urbanization construction in the process of ecological environment protection, the two are in a low coordination state. How to combine Marxist ecological views with specific practices in China and effectively promote the process of ecological civilization construction in China still requires in-depth consideration.

Effect of ecological civilization pilot demonstration area construction on urban land green use efficiency

Improvement of urban land green use efficiency (ULGUE) in the context of sustained economic growth is a major challenge for the regional sustainable development and ecological civilization construction in China. This study measures the ULGUE of 263 cities in China at the prefecture or above level, clarifies its spatio-temporal changes, investigates the effect of ecological civilization pilot demonstration area construction on ULGUE with the multi-period PSM-DID model and spatial Durbin difference model, and evaluates the spatial spillover effect of the policy. The results show that: 1) In terms of spatio-temporal changes, ULGUE shows a steady upward trend with time. From 2006 to 2019, the national mean value of ULGUE increases from 0.5284 to 0.6439, with an increase rate of 21.86%; in the spatial dimension, ULGUE is characterized by a pattern of eastern > national > central > western. 2) Ecological civilization pilot demonstration area construction has significantly improved the ULGUE of pilot cities by about 0.12% relative to that of non-pilot cities, which was validated by the robustness test. 3) Ecological civilization pilot demonstration area construction has significant positive spillover effects on the ULGUE of neighboring cities, which are related to the urban characteristics such as geographical location, resource endowment, and environmental protection intensity. 4) Ecological civilization pilot demonstration area construction has certain heterogeneity in its effect on ULGUE in different regions and cities, with a more significant promoting effect for non-eastern regions, non-resource-based cities, and non-key cities of environmental protection. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the successful experience of ecological civilization pilot demonstration area construction and fully consider differential policies, so as to maximize the policy dividends while strengthening regional linkage, and further contribute to national popularization of this policy.

Spatial variability, evolution, and agglomeration of eco-environmental risks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

The Yangtze River Economic Belt is an essential ecological security barrier and demonstration area for ecological civilization construction in China, so it is vital to prevent and resolve eco-environmental risks for its healthy development. However, the state of the development of eco-environmental risks in this region has remained understudied. Based on panel data from 2000 to 2020, this paper analyzes the development status of eco-environmental risks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt using the Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation, and Moran’s I test model. The results show that: (1) the eco-environmental risk index of the Yangtze River Economic Belt ranges from 50.25 to 92.16, which represents a high risk status overall, showing obvious characteristics of a high index in the east and a low index in the west. (2) The overall Gini coefficient of eco-environmental risks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt decreased from 0.059 in 2000 to 0.0502 in 2020, showing an obvious M-type evolution trend. The internal difference in eco-environmental risks of the lower reaches is the largest, followed by those of the upper and middle reaches. The average Gini coefficient in the upper and the lower reaches is 0.0679, while that in the middle and the lower reaches is 0.0645, and that in the upper and the middle reaches is 0.0604. The average contribution rates of inside reaches, different reaches, and hypervariable density in the study cycle are 29.55%, 27.84%, and 42.61%. (3) The kernel density estimation curve of eco-environmental risks in the study area shifts from the lower reaches to the middle and upper reaches, with low-risk areas adjacent to high-risk areas, especially in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Shanghai, where the high–low/low–high clustering characteristics are more significant. Finally, we put forward some policy implications to provide practical support for the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt eco-environment.

Synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction in China: Spatial–temporal characteristics, regional differences, and convergence

Promoting the synergy of pollution control (PC) and carbon reduction (CR) is an important strategy for ecological civilization construction in China. Based on constructing a measuring system for PC and CR respectively, we employ the coupling coordination model to determine the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between PC and CR in 30 Chinese provinces during 2006–2019, and analyze the spatial–temporal characteristics, regional differences, and convergence of the CCD between PC and CR from a dual perspective of east–west and south–north regional divisions. The results show that the average CCD between PC and CR increases from 0.8339 in 2006 to 0.8904 in 2019, suggesting that the two subsystems are in a well-coordinated stage. Moreover, China's CCD shows a “high in the east and low in the west, high in the south and low in the north” layout and exhibits a prominent spatial positive autocorrelation characteristic. Furthermore, the overall regional differences in the CCD of each province show an increasing trend initially, followed by a decreasing trend. The overall differences in east–west and south–north originate primarily from the cross-regional and within-regional difference, respectively. The results of the convergence model show that there is no σ convergence of China's CCD, while there exists β convergence in China and different regions. These findings provide empirical evidence and policy implications for facilitating the synergistic effect of PC and CR.

How does the construction of China’s ecological civilization affect the health burden of urban and rural residents?

Accelerating the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the management of health environment problems is one of the core elements of the implementation of the “Beautiful China” and “Healthy China” strategies with Chinese characteristics in the new era. Based on the scientific connotation of ecological civilization, this paper systematically assesses the level of interprovincial ecological civilization construction in China using the combined CRITIC empowerment method and explores the impact of ecological civilization construction on the health burden of urban and rural residents using interprovincial panel data from 2003 to 2018 with the help of panel feasible generalized least squares, simultaneous equation estimation, and the extended regression model. It is found that there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between provincial ecological civilization construction and urban and rural residents’ economic health burden, as well as a significant U-shaped relationship between ecological civilization construction and urban and rural residents’ disease burden. Fiscal decentralization, urbanization, and industrialization are the three important indirect mechanisms through which ecological civilization affects the health burden of urban and rural residents, and fiscal decentralization plays a typical role in crowding out the health effect of ecological civilization. In the eastern and central regions, ecological civilization construction has effectively reduced the health burden of urban and rural residents, but it is more significant for improving the economic health burden of rural residents. While the “catching-up trend” of the progress of ecological civilization construction in the western region is obvious, ecological civilization plays an important role in alleviating the economic health burden of urban residents. After the robustness test, the conclusion still holds. This study provides an important empirical basis for local governments to improve the accuracy of their policies in promoting the “Beautiful China” and “Healthy China” strategies.

The multidimensional differences and driving forces of ecological environment resilience in China

Improving the ecological environment resilience is the key path to continuously improve the ecological environment quality and ensure the steady progress of ecological civilization construction in China. Based on the concept of ecological resilience, this paper constructs an evaluation system of ecological environment resilience (ERI) from the three dimensions of environment pollution production (PPI), environment pollution management (PMI) and ecological safeguard (ESI).The longitudinal and horizontal pull-out grading method is used to measure the ecological environment resilience and its dimensional oriented indices, and the dynamic regression and Shapley value decomposition are used to identify the driving forces of the multidimensional differences of ecological environment resilience and its dimensional oriented indices. The study found that: China's ERI reveals a tendency of slow growth despite swings. The PPI exhibits a slow decreasing trend and rises the explicit pressure, the ESI and the PMI exhibit an ongoing upward trend and an expanding upward trend of the implicit carrying capacity and resilience coordination. The regional ERI exhibit a general trend of continuous growth, and there is a positive correlation between PPI and PMI in each region; the higher the pollution produced, the stronger the management capacity. The overall explanatory power of the driving forces on the intuitive differences of ERI, PPI, ESI and PMI reaches 52.39%, 80.33%, 76.50%, and 71.47%, among which such as environmental improvement investment, sewage levies, green technological innovation and industrial upgrading are the main driving forces.

The Impact of Integrated Development of Agriculture and Tourism on Rural Ecological Environment Quality

The integrated development of agriculture and tourism plays an important role on the rural ecological environment, which has not absorbed attention of the academic community. From the perspective of stakeholders, the impact mechanism of the agriculture and tourism integration on rural ecological environmental quality was analyzed. Based on three dimension-agricultural production environment, rural living environment, and rural environmental governance, the evaluation index system of rural ecological environment quality was constructed, and the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method was used to measure its level. The coupled system model of physics and entropy method were used to measure the degree of the integrated development level of agriculture and tourism industry. Based on data of 19 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Yellow River Economic Belt in China from 2007 to 2019, static and dynamic panel models were used to examine the impact of agriculture and tourism integration on the quality of rural ecological environment and its mechanism. The results show that the integrated development of agriculture and tourism has a significant positive correlation with the quality of rural ecological environment, so the integrated development of agriculture and tourism can play a positive role in improving the quality of rural ecological environment. The rural ecological environment quality of the last period has a significant impact on the rural ecological environment quality of the current period, which indicates that the rural ecological environment quality has a strong inertia. Under the background of the current ecological civilization construction in China, the research result has significant theoretical and practical value.

Study on the development patterns of ecological civilization construction in China: An empirical analysis of 324 prefectural cities

Ecological civilization construction is a task of paramount importance for China's sustainable development. To explore the performance and development patterns of ecological civilization construction in China, this study established an indicator system to evaluate the ecological civilization construction at the city-level. A double-benchmark progressive method and the key functional zone weighting assignment were used to improve the evaluation process. On this basis, this study analyzed the levels of ecological civilization construction and its changes in 324 prefecture-level cities in mainland China from 2015 to 2019. Furthermore, criteria for classifying the development patterns of ecological civilization construction were proposed based on the socio-economic development and eco-environmental performance of cities. According to the findings: (1) China's ecological civilization construction had made great progress with the scores increase of approximately 8%. The score of China was 71 in 2019 and more than half of the evaluated cities scored higher than 70. (2) Cities under “harmonious coexistence” (both economy and environment performing well) and “antagonistic development” (economy developing with environment requiring improvement) patterns accounted for the highest proportion with a total of 62%. The proportion of cities under the “harmonious coexistence” pattern constantly increased, while that of cities under the “antagonistic development” pattern declined 28% from 2015 to 2019. This study analyzed the patterns of China's ecological civilization construction in prefecture-level cities, providing a mode for green and sustainable development of areas with different natural endowments.

Advances in the carbon sink potential of terrestrial ecosystems in China

<p indent="0mm">The “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” concept has become a major demand for global climate governance and ecological civilization construction in China. Understanding the potential of terrestrial carbon sequestration and its response to climate change and human activities is very important for accurately predicting the impacts of future climate change on terrestrial ecosystems and is the basic premise for human beings to cope with climate change. Based on the perspective of terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage and carbon sinks, this paper summarizes the carbon storage of forest, shrub, grassland, farmland and wetland ecosystems of China, thus assessing the carbon sink potential of the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem and its response to different climate change scenarios and human activities. The evaluation results varied greatly due to different research methods and data. The average biomass carbon density of China’s forests and grasslands was approximately 55.7 and 4.8 Mg C ha⁻¹, respectively, which were lower than the average values of the global forests (94.2 Mg C ha⁻¹) and grasslands (7.2 Mg C ha⁻¹), mainly due to larger areas of young forests and extensive grazing. The average biomass carbon density of the wetland was approximately 4.1 Mg C ha⁻¹, which varied greatly for different types of wetland vegetation, and the highest value was located in coastal wetland vegetation (9.6 Mg C ha⁻¹). The biomass carbon density of shrub and farmland was approximately 4.8–9.6 and 3.06–7.1 Mg C ha⁻¹, respectively. The carbon sink potential of China’s main terrestrial ecosystems (forest, shrub, grassland and farmland) estimated by different methods varied greatly. According to the eighth (2009–2013) and ninth (2014–2018) inventory data of China’s forest resources and other inventory data, the latest result of the carbon storage increase rate of China’s terrestrial ecosystem was estimated to be approximately <sc>0.28 PG C a⁻¹.</sc> Ecological engineers should greatly promote the carbon sink potential of terrestrial ecosystems. The terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink of six major national ecological engineering projects in China reached approximately 132 Tg C a⁻¹, of which more than half (74 Tg C a⁻¹, 56%) was attributed to the implementation of ecological engineering projects. The carbon sink increase was approximately 14.7 and 14 Tg C a⁻¹ from the conversion of farmland to grassland engineering area and natural forest protection engineering area, respectively, and approximately 7.0−12 Tg C a⁻¹ in each of the other five engineering areas. Thus, it is necessary to constantly improve the assessment methods of terrestrial ecosystem carbon reserves and carbon sinks and constantly update the assessment results based on the latest data. The shortcomings of the existing studies are put forward in this paper. (1) Integrated research on the carbon sink function of China’s terrestrial ecosystems in different periods and different emission scenarios in the future is insufficient, especially on the sink potential of different kinds of major ecological projects in the same region. (2) Impact research on nitrogen deposition and its interaction with climate change and atmospheric CO₂ concentration on the carbon sink potential of China’s terrestrial ecosystems is still insufficient, especially regarding the carbon sink potential of major national ecological projects. (3) Research on the climate change risk of carbon sequestration in China’s terrestrial ecosystems has not been conducted. Finally, this research identifies research activities on carbon storage and carbon sinks in China’s terrestrial ecosystems in the future, including carbon sink potential and a risk assessment of major national ecological projects, the simulation technology of the regional terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget with high spatial heterogeneity, and the dynamic downscaling method and correction technology of meteorological data under different climate change scenarios, to provide scientific support for the systematic management optimization scheme of increasing sinks in China’s terrestrial ecosystem and to serve the strategy of national carbon neutrality.

New insights into the DPSIR model: Revealing the dynamic feedback mechanism and efficiency of ecological civilization construction in China

Managing ecosystems is considered a “wicked problem” without clear solutions due to the limited understanding of complex ecosystems and social dynamics. In this study, a method based on the Driving forces–Pressures–State–Impacts–Responses (DPSIR) framework was developed to reveal the Ecological Civilization Construction (ECC) together with structural equation modeling (SEM), panel data model (PDM), coupling and coordination degree (CCD) model, and data envelopment analysis (DEA). The SEM reveals that component Responses as exogenous variables can better explain the DPSIR framework nexuses than Driving forces, indicating that environmental protection measures taken by Chinese government played a dominant role in ECC. ECC indexes (ECCI) of 30 Chinese provinces were 18–87% higher in 2019 than 2012, and the PDM demonstrates that temperature, precipitation, and GDP can explain about 87.2% of ECCI variation among 30 provinces. About 12–40% increase in CCD within the DPSIR framework were detected in 30 Chinese provinces in 2019 compared to 2012. The DEA suggests that China's ECC's average comprehensive and technical efficiencies were only 0.62 and 0.77 in 2019, respectively. Meanwhile, these results show that ECC remains to be strengthened and coordinated. Implications on ECC were proposed for some provinces. Overall, this study proposes a Response-driven pathway named RDPSI can explain the achievements and limitation factors in China's ECC. Also, our results emphasize the importance of integrating science and technology, policy formulation, and precise implementation to achieve sustainable development.

Evaluation Model of Ecological Environment of Saihan Dam

Aiming at the evaluation of the impact of Saihan dam on ecological environment construction, this paper selects several &#x0D; representative indicators to evaluate the ecological environment through the ECCI evaluation system, and judges the impact &#x0D; degree of Saihan dam by establishing the relevant model of the impact of Saihan dam on ecological environment construction.&#x0D; Based on the existing evaluation system of ecological civilization construction in China, by collecting various data and consulting &#x0D; relevant literature, three categories and seven indicators with great correlation before and after the restoration of Saihan dam are &#x0D; selected, and the judgment matrix is constructed by analytic hierarchy process, so as to obtain the weight value of each index. The &#x0D; factor analysis is carried out by constructing the matrix, and the vector is normalized, The consistency is used to test the indicators, &#x0D; and then the data before and after the restoration of Saihan dam are substituted for comparative analysis.

长江中游城市群生态系统健康时空演变特征分析

城市群地区生态系统健康状况关乎城市群的可持续发展，科学测度城市群地区生态系统健康水平对城市群地区生态系统健康宏观调控政策制定具有重要的实践意义，然而当前生态系统健康评价仍存在不足之处。生态系统服务是反映生态系统健康状况的重要组成部分，如何把生态系统服务纳入生态系统健康评估框架中，成为了当前研究讨论的热点话题。拟把基于InVEST模型评估的生态系统服务纳入生态系统健康评估框架中，构建了基于"生态系统活力-生态系统组织力-生态系统弹性-生态系统服务"的评估框架，结合多源数据对1995-2015年长江中游城市群生态系统健康水平时空特征进行测度。结果显示：（1）研究期间长江中游城市群地区生态系统健康状况总体有所恶化，恶化区域主要分布在城市群的核心地区；（2）研究期间长江中游城市群地区生态系统健康存在显著的空间依赖性，生态系统健康高值区主要分布在周边山区以及中部的罗霄山脉，生态系统健康低值区主要分布在平原地区、大城市周边地区以及主要的交通线路沿线地区。本研究结果可以为其他地区生态系统健康评估以及长江中游城市群地区生态系统健康保护政策制定提供科学借鉴。;Rapid urbanization in urban agglomerations has resulted in serious degradation of ecosystem functions and deterioration of ecosystem health, which hinders the current process of new-type urbanization and ecological civilization construction in China. Healthy ecosystem in urban agglomerations is closely related to the sustainability of urban agglomerations. The scientific assessment of the ecosystem health status has important practical significance for the formulation of macro-control policies for ecosystem health in the urban agglomerations, but the current studies about the ecosystem health evaluation in urban agglomerations were still insufficient. An increasing number of studies have been carried out on the theories, concepts, spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics, and influencing factors of ecosystem health, but few studies have included the results of ecosystem services assessment based on InVEST model into the theoretical framework of ecosystem health assessment. Ecosystem services assessment is an important part to reflect the health status of the ecosystem. Ecosystem services assessment based on InVEST model can well reflect the structure, function, and ecological process of ecosystem services, and realize the spatial and dynamic quantitative assessment of ecosystem services. How to integrate ecosystem services into the framework of ecosystem health assessment has become a hot topic of the current studies. Based on the ecosystem services evaluated by InVEST model, this study constructed the ecosystem health assessment framework system of Vigor-Organization-Resilience-Ecosystem Services, and evaluated the ecosystem health level in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Urban Agglomerations (MRYRUA) with multi-source data. The results showed that:(1) the ecosystem health index in Jianghan Plain, Dongting Lake Plain, Wuhan, Changsha, Nanchang, and other surrounding counties was mostly below 0.35, while the ecosystem health index of the surrounding mountainous counties was more than 0.65. In addition, the ecosystem health index of units along major traffic routes was lower than that of other regions. The overall ecosystem health status in the MRYRUA deteriorated during the study period, mainly in the core areas of these urban agglomerations. (2) The ecosystem health in the MRYRUA showed significantly spatial dependence during the study period, the high-valued areas of ecosystem health were mainly distributed in the surrounding mountainous areas and the central Luoxiao Mountains, while the low-valued areas of ecosystem health were mainly distributed in the plain areas, the surrounding areas of key cities, and the areas along the main traffic routes. The results of the study can provide scientific support for ecosystem health assessment in other regions and ecosystem health protection policy-making in the MRYRUA.

Spatial-Temporal Pattern and Evolution Trend of the Cultivated Land Use Eco-Efficiency in the National Pilot Zone for Ecological Conservation in China.

The cultivated land use eco-efficiency (CLUE) is an important indicator to evaluate ecological civilization construction in China. Research on the spatial-temporal pattern and evolution trend of the CLUE can help to assess the level of ecological civilization construction and reveal associated demonstration and driving effects on surrounding areas. Based on the perspective of the CLUE, this paper obtains cultivated land use data pertaining to National Pilot Zones for Ecological Conservation in China and neighboring provinces from 2008 to 2018. In this study, the SBM-undesirable, Moran’s I, and Markov chain models are adopted to quantitatively measure and analyze the CLUE and its temporal and spatial patterns and evolution trend. The research results indicate that the CLUE in the whole study area exhibited the characteristics of one growth, two stable, and two decline stages, with a positive spatial autocorrelation that increased year by year, and a spatial spillover effect was observed. Geographical spatial patterns and spatial spillover effects played a major role in the evolution of the CLUE, and there occurred a higher probability of improvement in the vicinity of cities with high CLUE values. In the future, practical construction experience should be disseminated at the provincial level, and policies and measures should be formulated according to local conditions. In addition, a linkage model between prefecture-level cities should be developed at the municipal level to fully manifest the positive spatial spillover effect. Moreover, we should thoroughly evaluate the risk associated with CLUE transition from high to low levels and establish a low-level early warning mechanism.