Eco-friendly One-pot Synthesis Research Articles

Rational design and eco-friendly one-pot multicomponent synthesis of novel ethylidenehydrazineylthiazol-4(5H)-ones as potential apoptotic inducers targeting wild and mutant EGFR-TK in triple negative breast cancer

A novel series of ethylidenehydrazineylthiazol-4(5H)-ones were synthesized using various eco-friendly one-pot multicomponent synthetic techniques. The anticancer activity of compounds (4a-m) was tested against 11 cancer cell lines. While the IC50 of all compounds was evaluated against the most sensitive cell lines (MDA-MB-468 and FaDu). Our SAR study pinpointed that compound 4a, having a phenyl substituent, exhibited a significant growth inhibition % against all cancer cell lines. The frontier anticancer candidates against the MDA-MB-468 were also examined against the wild EGFR (EGFR-WT) and mutant EGFR (EGFR-T790M) receptors. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited a higher inhibitory potential against EGFR-T790M than the wild type of EGFR. Remarkably, compound 4k exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against both EGFR-WT and EGFR-T790M with IC50 values (0.051 and 0.021 µM), respectively. The pro-apoptotic protein markers (p53, BAX, caspase 3, caspase 6, caspase 8, and caspase 9) and the anti-apoptotic key marker (BCL-2) were also measured to propose a mechanism of action for the compound 4k as an apoptotic inducer for MDA-MB-468. Investigation of the cell cycle arrest potential of compound 4k was also conducted on MDA-MB-468 cancer cells. We also evaluated the inhibitory activities of compounds (4a-m) against both EGFR-WT and EGFR-T790M using two different molecular docking processes.

β-Cyclodextrin: a green supramolecular catalyst assisted eco-friendly one-pot three-component synthesis of biologically active substituted pyrrolidine-2-one.

A green, novel and eco-efficient synthetic route towards the synthesis of highly substituted bio-active pyrrolidine-2-one derivatives was demonstrated using β-cyclodextrin, a water-soluble supramolecular solid as a green and eco-benign catalyst at room temperature under water-ethanol solvent medium. The exploration of the green catalyst β-cyclodextrin for the metal-free one-pot three-component synthesis of a wide range of highly functionalized bio-active heterocyclic pyrrolidine-2-one moieties from easily available aldehydes and amines explains the superiority and uniqueness of this protocol.

An Efficient and Green Synthesis of New 6-Iodo- Pyrano[2,3-d] Pyrimidine-4-Ones via a One-Pot Four-Component Reaction Followed by Iodocyclization in Water

Eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of new 6-iodo-4H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones via the condensation of pyrimidine-4,6-diol, aldehydes, phenylacetylene, and iodine has been reported in water at 60 °C. To obtain the optimal reaction conditions, the effects of reaction temperature, bases and solvents were investigated. Under the optimal condition, formaldehyde and different aromatic aldehydes bearing both electron-donating and withdrawing groups underwent the reaction to give the corresponding 6-iodo-5,7-disubstituted-3H-pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4(5H)-one derivatives in high to excellent (90–97%) yields. This transformation generates 6-iodo-4H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives using a domino reaction involving Knoevenagel condensation and iodocyclization in the absence of metal or acidic/basic catalysts. The prepared products were characterized using FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and Mass spectroscopies.

A convenient and eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of 3-triazolyl-2-iminochromenes and investigation of their antioxidant properties

A simple, green and efficient procedure for the synthesis of highly functionalized 3-triazolyl-2-iminochromenes by using a one-pot three component reaction of 2-azido acetonitrile, phenylacetylene and salicylaldehyde in water using CuI/K 2 CO 3 is described. The present protocol offers advantages like high atom economy, simple methodology, shorter reaction time, easy product isolation, no chromatographic purification and avoidance of environmentally hazardous solvents. Compounds 4a-d , 4g-h and 6a-b have been investigated for antioxidant activity. Compound 4c is found to be the most active among the series showing high reducing power and free radical scavenging activity.

Green Eco-Friendly One-Pot Synthesis of Luminescent Carbon Dots from Fruit Pod of Borassus Flabellifer and Stem of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L and Its Anti-Microbial Applications

A simple, green, cost-effective, and eco-friendly approach to synthesize carbon dots from biowaste, namely the fruit pod of Borassus flabellifer and stem of Trigonella foenum-graecum L, is studied by one-pot hydrothermal treatment. As-synthesized carbon dots are characterized by Fourier transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV Spectroscopy (UV), Photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry, 3D optical profilometer, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The synthesized carbon dots show good anti-microbial properties for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and B. cereus bacterial cultures.

Eco-friendly one-pot aqueous synthesis of ultra-thin AuPdCu alloyed nanowire-like networks for highly sensitive immunoassay of creatine kinase-MB

• Ultra-thin AuPdCu NWNs were synthesized by an eco-friendly one-pot aqueous method. • 4-Aminopyridine was employed as structure-directing agent in this synthesis. • The ultra-thin nanowire networks provided enlarged specific surface area and abundant active sites. • The resultant immunosensor displayed a satisfactory assay for CK-MB in this research. Advanced nanomaterials have attracted ever-growing interest in design and construction of electrochemical immunosensors, which hold great promise to improve sensitivity in bioanalytical system. In this work, ultra-thin AuPdCu alloyed nanowire networks (NWNs) were controllably synthesized by an eco-friendly one-pot aqueous approach with 4-aminopyridine as a structural directing agent, which served as signal amplifiers in construction of an ultra-sensitive label-free electrochemical immmunosensor for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) assay, taking the virtues of the large specific surface area, high electronic conductivity, and good biocompatibility. Importantly, the AuPdCu NWNs efficiently catalyzed the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and thereby enhanced the detection responses. Under the optimal conditions, the as-fabricated immmunosensor showed a wide linear range of 0.001–2000 ng mL –1 for CK-MB detection, along with a low limit of detection (LOD = 0.88 pg mL –1 , S/N = 3). Thereby, this research was successfully applied for CK-MB quantitation in serum samples with acceptable results, which would provide some valuable guidelines for monitoring other cardiac markers in clinical applications.

Acetic acid promoted an efficient and eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of functionalized novel isoxazolyl amino chromenopyrrole derivatives in aqueous medium

An efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly method has been reported for one-pot synthesis of isoxazolyl amino chromenopyrrole derivatives from 4-amino-3-methyl-5-styrylisoxazoles, aryl glyoxal monohydrates and 4-aminocoumarins by using acetic acid (AcOH) as a green promoter and water as a reaction medium under heating condition. The attractive features of this method are operational simplicity, environmentally friendly, metal-free, shorter reaction time, broad substrate scope, easy purification of products and good to excellent yields. Most important of all, this one-pot method is green.

One-pot sequential synthesis of quinazolin-8-ol derivatives employing heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling

We report herein an efficient and eco-friendly method for a one-pot sequential synthesis of quinazolin-8-ol derivatives. A variety of boronic acids were used for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling with commercially available SiliaCat ® DPP-Pd heterogeneous catalyst. Use of this catalyst ensures minimal leaching of palladium in the product and alleviates the need of further purification. The reaction conditions used in the four synthetic steps were optimized to telescope three intermediates without first requiring their isolation to establish an efficient and eco-friendly one-pot synthesis.

One-pot phytosynthesis of nano-silver from Mentha longifolia L.: their characterization and evaluation of photodynamic potential

The present study deals with the ecofriendly one-pot synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using aqueous extract of Mentha longifolia branches. Spectrophotometric analysis of different ratios of reactants revealed that a 1 to 9 ratio of plant extract and silver salt solution respectively is the most suitable proportion for synthesis. Synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed initially by the observation of change in the color of the reaction mixture which was carried out at 60 °C by using 3 mM of silver salt and the pH of the reaction medium was maintained at 5.22. A characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band was observed at 495 nm of light wavelength. SEM images revealed that the nanoparticles are in ∼20–80 nm and are anisotropic and nearly spherical while EDX analysis showed the presence of elemental Ag with ∼90% signal intensity. Size distribution analysis of AgNPs was performed by dynamic light scattering technique and AgNPs were found in the range of ∼8–30 nm. ROS quantification revealed that the AgNPs have a quantum yield of 0.09 Φ which provides them the ability to proteolytically treat cancer and other microbial pathogenic cells. AgNPs did not report any photothermal activity to be used as photodynamic agents. These findings explain the redox potential of M. longifolia to bio-fabricate AgNPs and their abilities to generate ROS may help to curb dreading diseases.

The Use of a Biopolymer Conjugate for an Eco-Friendly One-Pot Synthesis of Palladium-Platinum Alloys.

Raising health and environmental concerns over the nanoparticles synthesized from hazardous chemicals have urged researchers to focus on safer, environmentally friendlier and cheaper alternatives as well as prompted the development of green synthesis. Apart from many advantages, green synthesis is often not selective enough (among other issues) to create shape-specific nanoparticle structures. Herein, we have used a biopolymer conjugate and Pd and Pt precursors to prepare sustainable bimetallic nanoparticles with various morphology types. The nanoparticles were synthesized by a novel green approach using a bio-conjugate of chitosan and polyhydroxybutyrate (Cs-PHB). The bio-conjugate plays the simultaneous roles of a reducing and a capping agent, which was confirmed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis, proving the presence of a Cs-PHB layer on the surface of the prepared nanoparticles. The EDS profile also revealed the elemental structure of these nanoparticles and confirmed the formation of a Pd/Pt alloy. TEM morphological analysis showed the formation of star-like, octahedron or decahedron Pd/Pt nanoparticles, depending on the synthesis conditions. The bimetallic Pd/Pt nanoparticles synthesized with various Pd/Pt molar ratios were successfully applied for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by borohydride. The calculated κc values (ratio of kapp to the concentration of the catalyst) revealed that the decahedron nanoparticles (size of 15 ± 4 nm), synthesized at the molar ratio of 2:1 (Pd/Pt), temperature of 130 °C, 10 g/L of Cs-PHB conjugate and time of 30 min, exhibited excellent catalytic activity compared to other bimetallic nanoparticles reported in the literature.

Metal-free and benign approach for the synthesis of dihydro-5′H-spiro[benzo[c]chromene-8,4′-oxazole]-5′,6(7H)-dione scaffolds as masked amino acids

Eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of new masked amino acids is described.

Eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of Prussian blue-embedded magnetic hydrogel beads for the removal of cesium from water

A simple one-step approach to fabricating Prussian blue-embedded magnetic hydrogel beads (PB-MHBs) was fabricated for the effective magnetic removal of radioactive cesium (137Cs) from water. Through the simple dropwise addition of a mixed aqueous solution of iron salts, commercial PB and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to an ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solution, the formation of hydrogel beads and the encapsulation of PB in beads were achieved in one pot through the gelation of PVA with in situ-formed iron oxide nanoparticles as the cross-linker. The obtained PB-MHBs, with 43.77 weight % of PB, were stable without releasing PB for up to 2 weeks and could be effectively separated from aqueous solutions by an external magnetic field, which is convenient for the large-scale treatment of Cs-contaminated water. Detailed Cs adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption isotherms and kinetics could be effectively described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order model, respectively. Most importantly, the PB-MHBs exhibited excellent selectivity for 137Cs in 137Cs-contaminated simulated groundwater (55 Bq/g) with a high removal efficiency (>99.5%), and the effective removal of 137Cs from real seawater by these PB-MHBs demonstrated the excellent potential of this material for practical application in the decontamination of 137Cs-contaminated seawater.

Ureas as safe carbonyl sources for the synthesis of carbamates with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as efficient and recyclable solvent/catalyst systems

A simple, efficient and eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of primary, N-mono- and N-disubstituted carbamates is developed from ureas.

L-Glutamic acid assisted eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of sheet-assembled platinum-palladium alloy networks for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions

In this work, bimetallic platinum-palladium sheet-assembled alloy networks (PtPd SAANs) were facilely synthesized by an eco-friendly one-pot aqueous approach under the guidance of l-glutamic acid at room temperature, without any additive, seed, toxic or organic solvent involved. l-Glutamic acid was served as the green shape-director and weak-stabilizing agent. A series of characterization techniques were employed to examine the morphology, structure and formation mechanism of the product. The architectures exhibited improved electrocatalytic activity and durable ability toward methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in contrast with commercial Pt black and Pd black catalysts. This is ascribed to the unique structures of the obtained PtPd SAANs and the synergistic effects of the bimetals. These results demonstrate the potential application of the prepared catalyst in fuel cells.

One-Pot Conversion of Epoxidized Soybean Oil (ESO) into Soy-Based Polyurethanes by MoCl₂O₂ Catalysis.

An innovative and eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of bio-based polyurethanes is proposed via the epoxy-ring opening of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with methanol, followed by the reaction of methoxy bio-polyols intermediates with 2,6-tolyl-diisocyanate (TDI). Both synthetic steps, methanolysis and polyurethane linkage formation, are promoted by a unique catalyst, molybdenum(VI) dichloride dioxide (MoCl2O2), which makes this procedure an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally safer method amenable to industrial scale-up.

Eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of well-adorned mesoporous g-C3N4 with efficiently enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity

We report a facile and eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of well-adorned mesoporous g-C3N4 material through a bubble templating strategy and involving controlling the surface area from 17 to 195 m2 g−1 by simply adjusting the mass ratio of melamine/NH4Cl.

Water-mediated and promoted eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of azaarene substituted isoxazoles

An efficient and green approach for the sp3 C–H bond functionalization of 2-methyl azaarenes to 3-methyl-4-nitro-5-styrylisoxazoles in water has been described.

A simple and eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of nuclease-resistant DNA-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers.

A simple and eco-friendly method has been developed for the one-pot synthesis of DNA-copper nanoflowers that exhibit high loading efficiencies, low cytotoxicities, and strong resistance against nucleases.

Eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of ultradispersed TiO2 nanocrystals/graphene nanocomposites with high photocatalytic activity for dye degradation

We report an eco-friendly one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of ultrafine TiO2 nanocrystals (∼4.01 nm) homogeneously dispersed on the entire surface of graphene.

Design and Optimization of Ecofriendly One-Pot Synthesis of 2,4,5-Triaryl-1H-imidazoles by Three-Component Condensation Using Response Surface Methodology

Phase-transfer-catalyzed, highly versatile, and high-yielding protocol for the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles was developed through response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of different solvents, reaction paths, and phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs) in different concentrations were envisioned. Three independent variables (catalyst, catalyst loading, and solvent volume) identified by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) study were screened through full factorial design at two levels. The analysis of variance results suggested the significance of catalyst PEG400 and solvent glacial acetic acid at 5 h reaction. The optimum reaction conditions suggested by the RSM were the use of PEG400 (10.61 mol%) and glacial acetic acid (10.71 mL) for 5 h cycloocondensation. The experimental yield of 4,5-diphenyl-2-nitrophenyl-1H-imidazole (97%) was in agreement with predicted yield (97.5%).