Eco-friendly Packaging Research Articles

Materials Sustainability in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Sustainable materials development is becoming crucial in the pharmaceutical industry due to the significant environmental impacts of medications across their life cycle. While early production stages have seen efforts to minimize these effects, reducing environmental impacts from drug consumption and disposal remains challenging. Growing environmental concerns and regulatory requirements are pressuring the industry to adopt sustainable practices. Material sustainability, which emphasizes responsible resource use and minimal environmental impact, is a key focus. Strategies include green chemistry principles to reduce hazardous substances and waste during drug development and manufacturing. Additionally, biodegradable materials and eco-friendly packaging designs are gaining traction to lessen landfill and ecosystem impacts. Despite progress, challenges such as complex regulatory frameworks and the need for stakeholder collaboration persist. This review examines materials sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry, highlighting its shift toward environmentally responsible practices driven by innovation and regulation. It investigates current environmental initiatives, perspectives, and strategies to address environmental challenges. Achieving sustainability requires a holistic, integrated approach involving all aspects of the business, from supply chain management to product development. By prioritizing sustainability, the pharmaceutical industry can contribute to global climate goals, ensuring its resilience and long-term success.

STRATEGY OF SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BASED ON COMMUNITY (STUDY OF TODAY'S MODERN COFFEE SHOP BUSINESS ACTORS)

This study explores the sustainable community-based business approach adopted by modern coffee shops in Kendari City to boost community participation and foster customer loyalty. Through qualitative research, including case studies and in-depth interviews with business owners, employees, and community members, the findings indicate that involving the community in innovation and business adaptation strengthens customer relationships and enhances business sustainability. By engaging the community, coffee shops are able to create a sense of ownership, resulting in higher customer retention and greater brand loyalty. The approach also proves effective in addressing operational challenges such as fluctuating demand and supply disruptions by leveraging community-driven solutions. Furthermore, the adoption of sustainable practices, such as sourcing local ingredients, minimizing waste, and utilizing eco-friendly packaging, increases operational resilience and attracts environmentally conscious customers. This business model aligns with local policies promoting the sustainability of MSMEs and offers a replicable framework for other small businesses in similar contexts. Ultimately, the combination of community engagement and sustainable practices not only generates economic benefits but also builds social capital, ensuring long-term business resilience and contributing to local economic growth.

The Effect of Innovation in Waste Management and Sustainable Packaging on Perceived Value and Consumer Satisfaction in the Snack Food Industry in East Java

This study investigates the impact of waste management innovation and environmentally friendly packaging on perceived value and consumer satisfaction in the snack food industry in East Java. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 170 respondents using a Likert scale (1-5). The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS 3). The findings reveal that both waste management innovation and sustainable packaging positively affect perceived value and consumer satisfaction, with sustainable packaging having a stronger influence on satisfaction. Additionally, perceived value mediates the relationship between sustainability initiatives and consumer satisfaction. These results underscore the importance of adopting visible and impactful sustainability practices to enhance customer perceptions and loyalty. Snack food manufacturers are encouraged to prioritize eco-friendly packaging while communicating the broader benefits of waste management innovations to consumers.

The intersection of green marketing and sustainable supply chain practices in FMCG SMEs

As sustainability increasingly shapes consumer behavior and corporate strategies, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are adopting green marketing and sustainable supply chain practices to gain a competitive edge. This review explores the intersection of these two critical areas, demonstrating how their integration can drive both business growth and environmental responsibility. Green marketing, which focuses on promoting eco-friendly products and sustainable business practices, has become a key tool for FMCG SMEs to differentiate themselves in a crowded marketplace. By adopting strategies such as eco-friendly packaging, ethical sourcing, and transparency in communicating sustainability efforts, SMEs can build stronger consumer trust, foster brand loyalty, and meet the growing demand for environmentally conscious products. Simultaneously, sustainable supply chain practices ensure that the production, distribution, and logistics processes align with environmental and social goals. These practices include reducing carbon emissions, minimizing waste, and working closely with suppliers to ensure ethical sourcing of materials. The synergy between green marketing and sustainable supply chains creates a feedback loop where operational sustainability supports marketing efforts, and consumer demand for green products encourages further sustainability improvements. This review also examines the challenges FMCG SMEs face in aligning these strategies, such as cost barriers, regulatory compliance, and supply chain complexity. Through case studies and industry examples, it highlights how innovative technology and stakeholder collaboration can help overcome these challenges. Ultimately, this study underscores that integrating green marketing and sustainable supply chain practices is not only essential for addressing environmental concerns but also for enhancing competitive positioning, customer satisfaction, and long-term market success in the FMCG sector. Recommendations for SMEs on how to effectively align their marketing and supply chain sustainability efforts are also provided. Keywords: Green Marketing, Supply Chain, FMCG SMEs, Review.

Influence of Eco-Friendly Packaging on Customer Loyalty in Japan

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of eco-friendly packaging on customer loyalty in Japan. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Research on the influence of eco-friendly packaging on customer loyalty in Japan reveals that consumers are increasingly valuing sustainability in their purchasing decisions. Studies show that environmentally conscious packaging enhances brand perception, with Japanese consumers viewing companies that use eco-friendly packaging as socially responsible and ethical. This positive brand association significantly boosts customer loyalty, as many consumers are willing to pay more for products packaged sustainably. Additionally, younger consumers in Japan, particularly Millennials and Gen Z, prioritize eco-friendly packaging, linking it to their personal values of environmental responsibility. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of planned behavior (TPB), uses and gratifications theory (UGT) & social influence theory may be used to anchor future studies on the influence of eco-friendly packaging on customer loyalty in Japan. Eco-friendly packaging can be an essential differentiator for brands in Japan, where environmental consciousness is culturally significant. Policymakers should consider incentivizing the adoption of eco-friendly packaging through tax breaks or subsidies, which would encourage more brands to switch to sustainable packaging solutions.

A Study on Strategic Approaches to Efficient Sustainable Logistics

With the fast evolution of eCommerce, logistics is vitally involved in ensuring-with due efficiency-the movement of goods from the seller to the buyer. In an environmental sense, such efficiency would mean cost and time optimization, matching expectations of swift, timely product delivery. However, with growing environmental concerns, the need for sustainable logistics becomes no less critical. This research will dwell on strategic paths to balancing logistics efficiency with sustainability, leveraging state-of- the-art technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and automated route optimization. The study further proposes the integration of electric vehicles and green logistics practices in the sector of e-commerce, especially in the Delhi NCR region. It will quantify, through qualitative analysis, the effect that these techniques have on the environmental performance of sustainable logistics-such as carbon footprint reduction and general economic efficiency. Key Words eCommerce logistics, Sustainable logistics, Artificial intelligence (AI), Automation in logistics, Electric vehicles, Carbon emissions reduction, Route optimization, Eco-friendly packaging, Logistics efficiency, Environmental sustainability

Development and preservative applications of polysaccharide-based bilayer packaging films: Enhanced functional properties through metal-phenolic network-coated zein nanoparticles and biomimetic hydrophobic surfaces

This study develops an innovative bilayer biomimetic hydrophobic film, tailored to provide a sustainable and eco-friendly packaging solution for fresh produce. The outer layer, crafted from chitosan, utilized polydimethylsiloxane templating to mimic the ultra-hydrophobic surface of a lotus leaf, achieving a water contact angle exceeding 130°. The inner layer comprised sodium alginate and zein nanoparticles, enriched with citral and fortified by a metal-phenolic network to facilitate uniform dispersion and controlled release of bioactive agents. The structural design of the film significantly improved mechanical properties, evidenced by a maximum tensile strength of 29.3 ± 3.6 MPa, and enhanced hydrophobicity, reducing water solubility to 28.3 ± 1.5% and substantially decreasing water absorption. The barrier functionality of film was also strengthened, demonstrated by a lowered water vapor transmission rate of 289.3 ± 1.5 g m−2 24 h−1, and it supported extended citral release in acidic media up to 70 h. Moreover, the film exhibited robust antioxidant and antibacterial properties. In practical tests, it effectively mitigated weight loss, browning, and hardness degradation in fresh-cut apples and lotus roots, concurrently inhibiting microbial growth and extending shelf life. This study presents an effective strategy for enhancing the hydrophobicity and bioactivity of bio-based films, contributing valuable insights to the field of sustainable food packaging.

Synthesis of bioplastics and the effects of additives on the mechanical, thermal and biodegradable properties

The mounting global concern over the environmental consequences of petroleum-based plastics has prompted significant research into sustainable alternatives, with bioplastics emerging as a forerunning solution. This systematic review elucidates the multifaceted synthesis processes of bioplastics, which are derived from renewable sources such as plant starches, cellulose, and waste materials. The synthesis encompasses stages from raw material selection, pre-treatment, to the incorporation of various additives, with the aim to achieve specific properties in the resultant bioplastics. A substantial focus of this review lies in comprehensively understanding the role of additives, which serve as the pivotal agents in tailoring the mechanical and thermal characteristics of bioplastics. Additives, including cross-linking agents, plasticizers, fillers, compatibilizers, and reinforcement agents, are critically examined for their influence on attributes such as tensile strength, flexibility, thermal stability, and biodegradability. Factors such as intermolecular interactions, hydrogen bonding, and moisture content, play a determining role towards the resultant properties. The prospects for bioplastics are rapidly expanding, signalling a transformative shift in various applications ranging from eco-friendly packaging to advanced biomedical devices. This article serves as a comprehensive guide to both researchers and industry stakeholders, providing deep insights into the synthesis of bioplastics and the transformative role additives play in their functional properties.

Sales Channel Strategies of FMCG: A Comprehensive Analysis in Rural Maharashtra

The document focuses on Colgate-Palmolive's sales strategy, specifically in rural Maharashtra, as part of a Sales and Channel Management project. It examines the brand's market position, competitive landscape, and sales initiatives. Colgate-Palmolive maintains a dominant role in oral care and focuses on tailored approaches to different markets, such as affordability strategies for rural areas and digital engagement for urban consumers. The analysis includes a competitor review, highlighting how the company positions itself against Hindustan Unilever, Procter & Gamble, Dabur, and Patanjali. Key objectives are outlined, focusing on both quantitative goals, such as expanding market share and distribution, and qualitative objectives like building brand loyalty and launching new products. Sales initiatives include eco-friendly packaging, community outreach, customer loyalty programs, and the use of digital platforms to engage consumers. Additionally, the document suggests trade initiatives and retailer network improvements, recommending digital tools and gamified approaches to enhance performance. The integration of a Channel Information System (CIS) and various models of retail distribution, including the role of C&F agents, distributors, and general trade, are also discussed. The report concludes with insights on expanding Colgate's market reach and optimizing its distribution strategy. Key Words: Sales Strategy, Rural Marketing, Brand Loyalty, Digital Engagement

Eco-friendly approach for carboxymethyl cellulose isolation from durian peel waste and aerogel scaffold preparation

This research introduces a sustainable method for extracting carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from durian peel waste via supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc.CO2) processing, leading to the development of advanced aerogel scaffolds. The study evaluates the influence of Sc.CO2 treatment times (60, 90, and 120 min) on the properties of the produced CMC, investigating enhancements in terms of thermal stability, crystallinity, and mechanical attributes through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical strength assessments. It was discovered that a 90-minute treatment duration yielded CMC aerogels with notable improvements in porosity, structural robustness, and mechanical resilience. This innovative approach not only proposes a viable strategy for repurposing agricultural by-products but also significantly augments the functional qualities of CMC aerogels, rendering them highly applicable in diverse fields. The outcomes underscore the efficiency of Sc.CO2 treatment in refining the mechanical and thermal characteristics of CMC derived from durian peel waste, facilitating the creation of aerogel scaffolds poised for use in various sectors including drug delivery, water purification, and eco-friendly packaging, thereby contributing to the global initiatives for sustainability and efficient waste management.

Biodegradable packaging with natural colorants added to increase the consumption of eco-friendly packaging

The development of biodegradable packaging is relevant for the environment, society, and industry. In parallel, using natural colorants has also emerged as a current topic in research, for its appeal to both human and environmental health. Combining the concepts of biodegradable packaging and natural colorants in a single product presents as a strategy to increase the potential use of biodegradable packaging. In this sense, this project starts with the following hypothesis: the offer of biodegradable packaging with a natural colorant added improves the positive perception of biodegradable packaging by the consumer. To this end, using the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), the present work seeks to understand the effect of the construct natural content on the importance given by consumers to foods that are packaged in an environmentally friendly way, and using Word Association (WA) technique, to investigate the influence of color, and awareness of the presence of natural colorants on biodegradable packaging. The study was designed using two approaches: (i) Developing a model using Partial Least Squares-Path modeling (PLS-PM) to explain the whole set of relationships between FCQ constructs of interest in eco-friendly packaging, being mediated by the construct natural content; and (ii) using WA technique under two conditions: blind condition (unaware) and informed condition (aware) to explore the holistic perception of colored biodegradable packaging. Results showed that Ethical concerns and Health, had positive effects on Natural Content, while “weight control” had a positive effect on Natural Content. On the other hand, Mood was found to have a negative effect on Natural Content. Natural content has a high effect on the importance given by consumers to foods packaged in an environmentally friendly way. Word Association revealed a positive perception of the presentation of colored biodegradable packaging and a more positive perception, defined by happiness, of the awareness of its being biodegradable packaging colored by natural colorants. From a practical point of view, results showed that not only the use of natural colorants by the packaging industry can serve as an incentive to consume biodegradable packaging, but that consumers' awareness that the color is from a natural colorant can increase the consumption of eco-friendly packaging.

Thermoplasticized Bread Waste and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends: A Sustainable Alternative to Starch in Eco-Friendly Packaging

Thermoplasticized Bread Waste and Poly(butylene adipate-<i>co</i>-terephthalate) Blends: A Sustainable Alternative to Starch in Eco-Friendly Packaging

The effect of ZnO nanoparticles morphology on the barrier and antibacterial properties of hybrid ZnO/graphene oxide/montmorillonite coatings for flexible packaging

The need for eco-friendly packaging solutions is continuously increasing, with several materials being investigated to develop functional coatings able to contrast food degradation due to oxidation and bacterial growth. In this work, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with various morphology and size from spherical to hexagonal, dots-like and platelets-like shape, were synthesized. Hybrid coatings constituted by ZnO NPs, graphene oxide (GO) and montmorillonite (MMT) were applied onto flexible polyethylene (PE) in order to exploit the 2D nanomaterials self-assembly ability and gas barrier properties and to synergistically combine these functionalities with the antibacterial activity of ZnO. The effect of ZnO NPs morphology and the ZnO/GO/MMT relative content was explored to obtain nanostructured coatings with optimized functionality. Results evidence a correlation between oxygen permeability and microbial proliferation, allowing to reach 88 % of reduction of PE oxygen permeability and about 60 % inhibition towards Gram-positive (i.e. Weizmannia coagulans) and Gram-negative (i.e. Escherichia coli) microorganisms.

Supply Chain Management Construction: The Role of IoT in Human Resource Management and Green Logistics

Environmental practices are incorporated into the supply chain management and logistic process of human resource management. It is referred to as a green logistics supply chain. To reduce the negative effects of logistical activities on the environment, sustainable transportation, eco-friendly packaging, and effective waste management techniques are used. Adopting environmentally conscious supply chain practices can improve a company's environmental reputation while lowering carbon emissions, increasing operational effectiveness, and saving money on human resource management. In order to adopt sustainable practices across every aspect of the value chain, from acquiring raw materials to delivering completed items to clients, this strategy necessitates coordination across stakeholders in the supply chain management and logistic process. In general, using a green logistic supply chain is a crucial approach for companies looking to grow sustainability while reducing their environmental impact. Using IoT in human resource management can boost operational effectiveness, cut down on transportation expenses, and boost customer satisfaction. For instance, current information on inventory levels, the quality of goods, and shipment status can be provided by smart sensors and devices, allowing businesses to optimize the way they manage their supply chains and reduce waste in human resource management.

Measuring the impact of green packaging on consumer purchase intention: A study on selected convenience goods in Banglades

The fundamental accomplishment of moving towards the green concept is the use of green packaging in a product. With the growing worldwide environmental concerns, green practices like green packaging have become more important for businesses and consumers worldwide. This study was intended to identify the key factors that actually help enhance the buying intention of consumers towards green packaged convenience goods in terms of mini-pack shampoo, chips, and wallet tissue in Bangladesh. Based on previous research and fieldwork, a total of five (5) attributes have been chosen for the study. The survey was conducted using a self-structured questionnaire, with data collected from 150 respondents among the users of green packaging via the convenience sample approach. This study’s reliability, validity, regression, and correlation have been tested with the help of SPSS (version 21). The findings of this study examined that the variables named environment concern, environmental knowledge of green packaging, green trust, and availability have positive impact on consumers’ purchase intention towards green packaged convenience items in terms of mini-pack shampoo, chips and wallet tissue. On the other hand, the variable named price has a negative impact on consumers’ purchase intention towards green packaged convenience goods in the prospects of mini-pack shampoo, chips, and wallet tissue. The results presented have significance for national policymakers, product and package designers in Bangladesh, and marketers therein for creating compelling and successful marketing strategies for eco-friendly packaging that appeals to consumers' subconscious needs.

Utilizing Flax Straw for Sustainable Paper Production: Delignification Methods, Structural Analysis, and Fiber Size Distribution Effects

This research explores the potential of agricultural waste, specifically flax straw, as a sustainable raw material for eco-friendly packaging materials. This study investigates a three-stage delignification process involving nitric acid, alkaline treatment, and organosolvent solutions. This method effectively removes lignin from the straw, resulting in high-quality technical pulp with 67.7% α-cellulose and a significantly reduced ash content (8.5%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to characterize the treated flax straw. XRD analysis revealed changes in the cellulose structure, while TGA indicated enhanced thermal stability compared to untreated straw. Microscopic analysis of the pulp fibers shows a parallel and aligned arrangement, suggesting a high fiber content and a strong paper lattice. The particle size distribution of the ground pulp, influenced by fiber size, has implications for the packing density and mechanical properties of the final product. This study demonstrates the potential of agricultural waste as a sustainable source for packaging materials, contributing to the circular economy and waste reduction.

Impact of Green Advertising and Packaging on Purchase Decisions via Green Perceived Value

This study seeks to explore the impact of green advertising, eco-friendly packaging, and perceived green value on consumer purchasing decisions within the beverage industry, particularly in the bubble tea sector. Most bubble tea beverages are served in disposable plastic cups, lids, and straws, contributing to the accumulation of waste in Indonesia. Observing this issue, the Indonesian public has begun to feel a sense of guilt associated with the use of plastic packaging and prefers brands that incorporate sustainability in their packaging. Consequently, Chatime has initiated the implementation of green marketing by introducing the Eco Cup as an environmentally friendly alternative beverage packaging made from paper. Chatime promotes its Eco Cup to consumers through green advertising on Instagram. This study employs the SOR theory to explain how green advertising and green packaging serve as stimuli that partially influence green perceived value (the organism), ultimately leading to purchase decisions .(the response). Using a quantitative approach with a survey method, questionnaires were distributed to 400 respondents. The findings indicate that while green perceived value has an indirect impact, the direct influence of green advertising and green packaging on purchase decisions is more significant. The indirect effect of green packaging on purchase decisions through green perceived value is notable, as is the direct influence of green packaging on both green perceived value and purchase decisions. Green packaging plays a crucial role in shaping positive perceptions before individuals make a purchase

Strategic Dynamics and Growth Opportunities in the Ready-to-Eat Food Industry: A Comprehensive Analysis of “Wei Zhi Xiang”

The comprehensive study on the ready-to-eat (RTE) food industry elucidates the strategic dynamics and growth avenues, focusing on the Chinese brand "Wei Zhi Xiang." It scrutinizes the industry's evolution, driven by cultural and social shifts towards convenience and nutrition-conscious consumption. The analysis navigates through the intricacies of market trends, consumer behaviors, and technological advancements that have catalyzed the proliferation of RTE foods. A particular emphasis is placed on the escalating demand for products that blend convenience with nutritional value, highlighting the industry's response to the modern consumer's fast-paced lifestyle. Through a detailed market analysis, the report dissects the competitive landscape, identifying key players and their strategic maneuvers within the industry. The future outlook section anticipates continued growth, propelled by urbanization and the burgeoning single-person household trend. A SWOT analysis of "Wei Zhi Xiang" reveals strengths in product diversity and distribution, while also pinpointing areas for improvement, particularly in health perception and environmental sustainability of packaging. Strategic recommendations for "Wei Zhi Xiang" suggest a focus on product innovation tailored to health trends, eco-friendly packaging, and market expansion into emerging economies. The report concludes that leveraging technological advancements and consumer engagement can fortify "Wei Zhi Xiang’s" market position and drive the RTE food sector towards a sustainable and health-conscious future.

How the Impact of Environmentally Sustainable Practices in the Beauty Industry Influences Indonesian Generation Z Purchasing Intention?

The beauty industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly with a projected annual growth rate of 9% by 2026, driven largely by the increasing demand for beauty products. This spending shift happened especially because of the rise of Generation Z as a significant consumer group where it is changing positively towards environmentally sustainable movement. From this knowledge, it raises questions; To what extent do beauty companies integrate environmentally sustainable practices into their current operational activities and overall business strategies from the consumer perspectives? How do environmentally sustainable practices influence the purchasing intentions of Indonesian Generation Z consumers in the beauty industry?; How Indonesian beauty companies can leverage environmentally sustainable practices among Indonesian Generation Z consumers?. This bachelor dissertation aims to act as a guide to help leverage beauty companies among Indonesian Generation Z consumers. This research will help answer the following through quantitative data research based on a primary and secondary data collection. The findings obtained from this study, shows that Indonesian Generation Z values sustainability as their purchasing intentions are significantly affected by companies eco-friendly practices. This study highlights four main examples of ESPs such as eco-friendly packaging, refillable packaging, product ingredient transparency, and overall sustainable business practices, which positively impact the purchasing intention of Indonesian Gen Z. Environmental factors related to the purchasing intention are crucial in the companies future organization plan and business objectives in determining which practical solutions to pursue. Diversity of demographic as in the geographical location and specific age group of only Generation Z are the limitations of this research, followed by the only utilization of quantitative methods. In some ways these limitations could restrict the collection of consumers perspective.

Waste Management In India With Special Reference To Ahmedabad City

This comprehensive study examines the complex landscape of waste management in India, with a particular focus on Ahmedabad city in Gujarat. The research delves into the current state of waste management practices, the socio-economic conditions of rag pickers, and the emerging trends in eco-friendly packaging. Through extensive literature review, field surveys, and data analysis, this paper provides insights into the challenges and opportunities in India's waste management sector. The study reveals significant gaps in waste collection and processing systems, the precarious living conditions of rag pickers, and the potential for eco-friendly packaging to mitigate waste generation. The findings underscore the need for integrated waste management approaches, improved working conditions for informal waste workers, and widespread adoption of sustainable packaging solutions. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on urban waste management in developing countries and offers policy recommendations for more sustainable and equitable waste management practices.