Eco-friendly Environment Research Articles

MIXED CROPPING SYSTEM ALONG WITH COCONUT

Intercropping structure in coconut cultivation enables environmental resolution regarding enhancement in ecological sustainability and farm performance, specifically for small scale farmers. The paper explored how Intercropping structure enhances farm performance, carbon capture, enduring agricultural output and soil productivity. This study examines the capable harvests like black pepper, banana, legumes and pineapple along with coconut palm in order to utilize the terrain, intercropping enables the agriculturists to expand revenue streams and improve soil quality. It Examines the disputes of administering intercropping structure and requirement for high agriculturists knowledge and primary funding. The researches’ objective is to discover how mixed cropping structure enhances resource effectiveness, aids towards eco friendly environment through biodiversity and carbon capture, this also focuses on reduction of dependence on artificial addictive. The study will highlight the enduring financial and environmental advantages of implementing intercropping in coconut cultivation, placing it as an important technique for eco-friendly farming. KEY WORDS: Mixed cropping, Coconut Cultivation, Intercropping, Sustainable Agriculture, Soil health, Carbon Capture, Smallholder Farmer, Biodiversity

Significance Of Information Sources To Integrated Pest Management Usage Among Poultry Farmers In Kwara State, Nigeria

Sources of information on the use of combined pest control measures for a sustainable ecofriendly environment are germane in poultry production. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents using an interview schedule. Data collected on socioeconomic characteristics, sources of information, pest prevalence, constraints, and utilisation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Kwara State were analysed with percentages, frequency, weighted mean score, mean, Chi-square, and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation at α 0.05. The result shows that respondents were members of the Poultry Association of Nigeria (PAN) (96.7%) with mean age and years of business experience were 43.0±9.9 and 7.3±5.8years respectively. Most of the respondents had tertiary education (84.2%) and produced broilers (51.7%) in four cycles a year (57.5%). The most utilized IPM information sources were from co-farmers (68.3%) and workshops (67.5%); with the most prevalent pest being flies (x̅=1.48) and was low for 54.2% of the respondents. The respondents’ most utilised IPM method was the prompt elimination of dead birds from the flock (x̅=2.86) which was high for 60%. However, respondents’ most prominent constraint to IPM usage was the government’s insufficient pesticide subsidy (x̅=2.69); and was high for 60.0%. A significant relationship existed between respondents’ IPM usage and sources of information like family (X2=0.938; p=0.005) and internet (X2=1.000; p=0.000); years of education attainment (r=0.022; p=0.021), prevalent pest (r=0.577; p=0.051) and constraints to IPM usage (r=0.186; p=0.012). IPM information sources positively influence its utilisation, hence such sources should be empowered by the relevant stakeholders for a sustainable eco-friendly environment.

EFFECTS OF ADOPTING INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) BASED SMART WASTE BIN IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW OF SCHOLARS POSITIONS

The present inherent hurdles to optimising the Internet of Things (IoT) in the Nigerian economy include maintenance and deployment costs, reluctance to change, technological infrastructure, and connection. In order to meet the urgent demand for creative waste management solutions, this study intends to investigate the effects of implementing IoT-based smart garbage bins in Nigeria. The basis for this quasiexperimental study was replies gathered from scholarly publications in the topic by researchers using a Likert scale. The results show that academics are unified in their support of the use of IoT in waste management, pointing to its potential to lower costs, increase efficiency, lessen environmental risks, and create an eco-friendly atmosphere that stimulates economic growth. In line with environmental objectives, scholarly viewpoints also address challenges such as maintenance expenses, technological know-how, residents' adaptation, cybersecurity risks, and incorrect waste disposal. The study suggests that stakeholders, including individuals and government organisations, work together to maintain personal and community cybersecurity, satisfy technology needs, and establish an eco-friendly environment in light of these results. Even if the study's predictions seem bright, further research is still necessary to solve gaps and investigate unexplored areas of IoT-based waste management in Nigeria.

Compact Energy Storage Devices Developed from Waste-Derived Electrodes via Facile Recycling Technology

Indeed, the development of sustainable and renewable energy technologies is a critical aspect of addressing the challenges posed by pollution and climate change. Electrochemical energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, play a crucial role in this transition by enabling the efficient storage and utilization of energy. The mention of nanomaterials-based electrodes highlights a fascinating area of research and innovation. Nanomaterials offer unique properties and advantages due to their small size, high surface area, short-diffusion path, rapid kinetics, enhanced conductivity, making them highly desirable for energy storage applications.Recycling waste to electrodes in compact energy storage device represents a particularly exciting frontier. Integrating energy storage into advance technology can enhance the portability and convenience of power sources, especially in the context of emerging technologies like wearable electronics and smart devices. However, challenges such as scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact must also be addressed to ensure the widespread adoption of these technologies. The emphasis on carbon-based nanomaterials, including graphene, carbon quantum dots, and activated carbon, as electrode materials is noteworthy. These materials show promise not only as negative electrodes but also as positive electrodes when combined with metal oxides, hydroxides, or sulphides, demonstrating their versatility in energy storage applications. Additionally, the innovative use of waste recycling, such as tires, shoots, and dry cells, for extracting carbon aligns with the broader goal of creating an eco-friendly environment. The focus on developing carbon-based electrodes from recycled waste for energy storage devices is commendable, as it not only addresses environmental concerns but also contributes to the creation of stable and efficient energy storage systems. In conclusion, this work on the generation of efficient carbon-based electrodes (graphene derived from different waste materials) for energy storage devices, showcases a multidisciplinary approach that considers both environmental sustainability and technological advancement. This research has the potential to contribute significantly to the ongoing efforts to create a more sustainable and efficient energy landscape.Key words: Recycling, Electrochemical, Carbon, Metal oxides, Energy storage, Compact devices

Talking Tourist Places, as the Innovative Platform in Tourism (Marneuli Municipality)

The project EU4Business-Connecting Companies, managed by Euro-chambers and funded under the EU4Business initiative of the European Union, launched in 2009 to deepen and strengthen relations between the European Union (EU), its Member States, and its six Eastern neighbors (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine) (EU4Business, n.d.) The project involved collaborating with two organizations: "Travel Agency Saba" in Tbilisi, Georgia, and "Movimento Life Beyond Tourism-Travel to Dialogue Srl Soc. Ben" in Florence, Italy. The primary goal of this collaboration was to promote cross-border cooperation and create a platform for joint activities and projects aimed at promoting tourism products at both local and international levels. One specific initiative mentioned was the implementation of the "Talking Places" program in specific Georgian heritage sites. The project also involved establishing agreements with local administrations to support these initiatives. The research project titled "Marneuli Municipality Talking Tourist Places as a Tool for Green Economy of the Community" was oriented on the Kvemo Kartli region (Marneuli Municipality). The project included various research activities, such as conducting a needs assessment in the tourism sector. The ultimate aim was to encourage the local community to follow Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), create an eco-friendly environment, use a storytelling platform to promote local culture, and contribute to the international attractiveness of the region. Financial support for this initiative was guided by HEKS-EPER Georgia and the European Union. The project aimed to increase the average stay of visitors, enhance the visibility of less-known destinations, and promote cultural mindfulness and typical local products. Overall, it appeared to be a comprehensive effort to foster sustainable tourism development and economic growth in the target region.

Simulation in Dental Education: The Indian Scenario

Dental simulation technology has progressed at a very rapid pace, due to which preclinical training for dental students has been simulated as real to a clinical environment. Traditional phantom head simulators have been providing preclinical training for the students over a long period of time across most of the Dental Universities/Schools in the world. Currently dental schools around the globe have incorporated the VR based dental simulators for the training of students. This system is useful for students to gain confidence, revise the exercises repeatedly, and to minimise material waste, creating an eco-friendly environment in dental schools. The prospect of this literature review is to reveal the simulation system used for preclinical training of dental students in India and the most advanced VR dental simulation system adopted by the top dental universities/schools in the world. Key Words: Dental Students, Phantom head, Preclinical training, Simulation, Virtual Reality

Green investments: a modern tool for sustainable development of tourism (on the example of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara)

The article discusses the impact of green investments on the sustainable development of tourism in the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and the creation of an eco-friendly, diverse tourist product. Data from various sources were studied and analyzed using the method of qualitative literature review, on the basis of which it was determined that the approach of making green investments in the world is becoming more and more relevant and responds to the challenges facing humanity globally - the creation of an eco-friendly environment, especially where people go for recreation and health. The article explains the global practice of green investments and their use, the findings reflected in the international scientific literature. Within the framework of the article, qualitative research was carried out using international literature, world practice, the Ministry of Finance and Economy of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, A study of the activities, strategic plans and investment policies of the Department of Tourism and Resorts of Adjara, NNLE Tourism Products Development Agency on the positive impact of green investments. By evaluating the statistical data and using the comparative-analytical method, it was determined that there is a scarcity of green investments in the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, from the point of view of the tourist product, services are mainly provided using natural resources. By generalizing the results of the research, recommendations are created that will help the Autonomous Republic of Adjara to create a variety of tourist products and reduce the impact on the environment in the wake of mass tourism. In addition, this will allow the region to establish the status of a 4season tourist destination in international target countries. The possibility of implementing the presented recommendations requires additional research, both of the environmental study and of the domestic tax policy. The article will be interesting for specialists who work in the field of state policy research and implementation of innovative governance systems and mechanisms, as well as for students.

Optimal load scheduling strategy for isolated building-integrated DC microgrid using binary PSO to maximize user comfort and minimize peak-to-average ratio

Due to the growth of electricity consumption in residential and commercial buildings, there is a growing burden on utilities in urban areas. Sustainable buildings are being developed by integrating renewable energy generation to make an eco-friendly environment. An isolated building-integrated (IBI) DC microgrid fed by a hybrid solar PV (photo voltaic) generator-thermo electric generator (TEG) is one viable option for obtaining self-sustainable energy for the building. The battery is an important component in such IBI DC microgrid fed by the hybrid solar PV generator-TEG for providing reliable power to the loads. However, the operation and planning of the IBI DC microgrid are challenging, and therefore it needs a suitable load scheduling strategy. This paper proposes the optimal load scheduling strategy (OLSS) under demand response to schedule the household loads in the building. The proposed OLSS aims to balance two conflictive objectives, user comfort and peak-to-average ratio (PAR), using a binary particle swarm optimization algorithm (BPSO). The proposed OLSS optimizes user comfort and PAR and reduces peak demand and battery usage. It also helps in the optimum utilization of power generated from hybrid solar PV generator-TEG by shifting the loads during sun hours. Reducing battery usage reduces the conversion loss and extends the battery life. To validate the proposed OLSS, the investigations are carried out using the data obtained across different seasons. The results show that the proposed OLSS schedules the household loads with the desired user comfort and reduces PAR by 22 % in future buildings.

Smart optimization in battery energy storage systems: An overview

The increasing drive towards eco-friendly environment motivates the generation of energy from renewable energy sources (RESs). The rising share of RESs in power generation poses potential challenges, including uncertainties in generation output, frequency fluctuations, and insufficient voltage regulation capabilities. As a solution to these challenges, energy storage systems (ESSs) play a crucial role in storing and releasing power as needed. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) provide significant potential to maximize the energy efficiency of a distribution network and the benefits of different stakeholders. This can be achieved through optimizing placement, sizing, charge/discharge scheduling, and control, all of which contribute to enhancing the overall performance of the network. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of BESS operation, optimization, and modeling in different applications, and how mathematical and artificial intelligence (AI)-based optimization techniques contribute to BESS charging and discharging scheduling. We also discuss some potential future opportunities and challenges of the BESS operation, AI in BESSs, and how emerging technologies, such as internet of things, AI, and big data impact the development of BESSs.

Microwave-assisted Green Synthetic Approach towards Water Dispersible Luminescent PVP-coated Tb3+ and Ce3+/Tb3+-doped KZnF3 Nanocrystals

Background: Perovskite fluoride nanomaterials are an interesting research topic in material science due to their exciting properties like high-temperature superconductivity, magnetic behaviour, piezoelectric behaviour, etc. Doping of lanthanide ions into the perovskite fluoride nanomaterials makes them more promising as they have applications from biological label-ling to multicolor optical devices. Objective: This study aimed to carry out the synthesis of perovskite KZnF3 nanocrystals in an eco-friendly environment with the help of a microwave-assisted route in a shorter reaction time and at low temperatures. Moreover, it aimed to make the nanocrystals water dispersible, illuminating brighter photoluminescence, which was achieved by coating nanocrystals surface with poly(N-vi-nyl-2-pyrrolidone) and doping of different lanthanide ions (Ln= Tb3+ and Ce3+/Tb3+) respectively, into the KZnF3 nanocrystals matrix. Methods: The synthesis of nanocrystals was performed in an environment-friendly microwave-assisted way and under green conditions. For example, in the preparation of Tb3+(5mol%)-doped KZnF3 nanocrystals, 0.95 mmol of Zn(NO3)2 and 0.05 mmol of Tb(NO3)3 were dissolved in 8 mL of distilled water. Then, an 8 mL aqueous solution of KF (3 mmol) was added to it. The entire mixture was stirred well for 15 minutes. About 60 mg of PVP was added to the mixture and stirred for another 15 minutes. Then, a microwave reaction vessel was made by transferring the final reaction mixture into it and kept under microwave irradiation at 90°C temperature for 15 minutes. Finally, the product was cooled to room temperature and collected by centrifugation. Results: Both Tb3+(5mol%)-doped and Ce3+(15mol%)/Tb3+(5mol%) co-doped KZnF3 nanocrystals exhibit very strong green photoluminescence. The structural and optical properties of as-obtained nanocrystals were characterized by PXRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and photoluminescence spectra. Conclusion: The nanocrystals with uniform cubical morphology having ~60 nm sizes were successfully synthesized. The high photoluminescence efficiency, together with the water dispersibility of the nanocrystals, makes the material useful in many fields of optical devices and offers several biological applications. Moreover, this method could be used to make other lanthanide-doped perovskite fluoride nanocrystals.

Recycled Materials as Resource in Concrete for Sustainability

Though concrete offers several benefits like strength, versatility in shape, and cost-effectiveness yet stands far from the point of Sustainability. The natural ingredients are getting exhausted and hence alternative materials have picked up these places and thereby point towards replacement of natural materials by secondary materials.The present study orients towards the use of recycled aggregates for M40 grade concrete that is obtained from construction and demolition waste both coarse and fine as a complete replacement to natural coarse and fine aggregates. The concrete specimens are tested for 7, 28 days normally. This results in understanding the performance of recycled concrete mix. The same may be compared to conventional mix for finding of compressive strength. The normal mix observed has attained nearly 98% of the target strength while the recycled mix was 86% at 28 days of curing, which indicates the secondary materials can provide a replacement for the natural aggregates. Also, in the concrete cement is replaced by fly ash in regular percentages - 20, 40, and 60% and with recycled materials indicates results of better performance in strength at 20 and 40% in both normal and recycle mix than at 60%. Fly ash is considered a good alternative for an eco-friendly environment.

A review: Exploratory analysis of recent advancement in green analytical chemistry application

It is always a concern to ensure personnel and environment safety in the field of chemistry which has caused to development of green analytical chemistry methods. Green chemistry aims to create an eco-friendly environment in laboratories by using various analytical methods/strategies to reduce the use of toxic solvents which are harmful to humans and the environment. It is a way that protect the environment by using green solvents and methods. Green analytical chemistry is a rapid analytical technique that describes the separation, identification, and quantification of an analyte in drugs, environments, and humans. Various green methodologies such as automation, miniaturization, precipitations, and passivation are utilized in the recovery of solvents and reagents. Green analytical chemistry aims to create an eco-friendly environment in the laboratories by using various analytical methods/strategies to reduce the use of toxic solvents which are harmful to the environment/humans as well as to decrease the amount of waste generated. In this review, we explore different green solvents that can replace other toxic solvents used during extraction processes. In this review, the various extraction methods and analytical techniques used to analyze different components have been discussed.

A Study on Effect of Punica Granatum Rind Extract on Bed Linen for Preventing Bed Sore

The study was conducted to develop the herbal finish bed linen for bedsore cure. Bedsore, also known as pressure ulcers or pressure sores, are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin. They typically develop in areas where bones are close to the skin surface, such as the heels, ankles, hips, and tailbone, due to sustained pressure from lying in one position for too long. The risk factors for bedsores include immobility, poor nutrition, moisture, and friction. If left untreated, bedsores can lead to serious complications, including infections that can extend into deeper tissues. Therefore, to prevent the risking factors of the bedsore this study is done. In this study, the bed linen is made with the blending of cotton and bamboo fibre to create a sustainable and eco-friendly environment. The bed linen is made from bamboo in the weft and cotton in the warp treated with Punica Granatum rind (pomegranate peel) extract solution. The solution is extracted by saxholet extraction method. The pomegranate peel powder is used for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. This herbal finish will promote the wound healing process of the bedsore at the early stage.

Nano-elicitation and hydroponics: a synergism to enhance plant productivity and secondary metabolism.

This review has explored the importance of using a synergistic approach of nano-elicitation and hydroponics to improve plant growth and metabolite production. Furthermore, it emphasizes the significance of green nanotechnology and eco-friendly practices while utilizing this approach to promote the development of a sustainable agriculture system. Nano-elicitation stimulates metabolic processes in plants using nanoparticles (NPs) as elicitors. The stimulation of these biochemical processes can enhance plant yield and productivity, along with the production of secondary metabolites. Nanoparticles have garnered the attention of scientific community because of their unique characteristics, such as incredibly small size and large surface-to-volume ratio, which make them effective elicitors. Hydroponic systems, which optimize growing conditions to increase plant production, are typically used to study the effect of elicitors. By integrating these two approaches, the qualitative and quantitative output of plants can be increased while employing minimal resources. As the global demand for high-quality crops and bioactive compounds surges, embracing this synergistic approach alongside sustainable farming practices can pave the way for resilient agricultural systems, ensuring food security and fostering an eco-friendly environment.

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF RIPE AND UNRIPE BANANA PEELS

Background: Sustainable utilisation of agro-food wastes is rich in phytonutrients exhibiting a wide range of bioactivities and is the focus of recent research. Banana peels are waste products traditionally used for ailments like cough, burns, and inflammation. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial action of the ripe and unripe peel extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is responsible for most nosocomial infections and makes it challenging to achieve therapeutic compliance. Methods: The ripe and unripe banana peels were collected and authenticated, and hydro-alcoholic extracts were prepared using maceration. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies were performed with both the extracts and compared. Results: Both the peels were identified as Musa paradisiaca L., and hydro-alcoholic extracts showed the presence of flavonoid and phenolic compounds in significant amounts. The in-vitro antioxidant study revealed the ripe peels to be more potent, having an IC50 value of 35.71 µg/ml in DPPH free radical scavenging action. It significantly inhibited gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, comparable with the Amoxicillin as standard. Both the extracts had MIC as 300 mg/ml, but the zone of inhibition produced by the ripe peels (1.63 cm) was more potent than the unripe peels (1 cm). Conclusion: The present study data indicated that the hydro-alcoholic extract of ripe banana (Musa paradisiaca L) peel was promising in antioxidant and antibacterial action primarily due to its significant phenolic contents. Further research is needed for a detailed evaluation of its phytopharmacological action, which can be beneficial for developing a cost-effective natural source of antimicrobial agents in pharmaceutical industries along with an eco-friendly environment.

From Textile Waste to Fashion: A Study on Reusing Textile Waste for Promoting Sustainable Fashion for its Prospects

Abstract: This research paper explores the imperative shift towards eco-friendly waste fabric management, emphasizing sustainable and recycle as key elements in environmental impacts. This survey investigates the perspectives of tailors and youngsters regarding sustainable practices in textile industry. By collecting responses from a diverse group of tailors and youngsters the study aims to understand their adoption and challenges related to eco-friendly materials, recycling methods, and sustainable techniques. The main purpose of this investigation was to promote awareness regarding sustainability and reuse of textile waste. During this study, the primary research from the tailors was done at (T- Nagar Tailors Street in Chennai) and youngsters were collected with the help of written questionnaire as well as personal interviews at Saveetha College of Architecture and Design in Chennai. This paper emphasizes more on eco-friendly environment and less wastage of textile fabric. Altogether of 20 respondents as youngsters and tailors were taken and their responses in terms of questionnaire and personal interviews were noted. This paper aims to contribute to eco-friendlier and more circular zero waste fashion industry addressing both environmental concerns and fostering a more sustainable future and know about the things that can possibly be reused and what they are making and understand the youngster’s perception about reusing waste & promoting the use of eco-friendly materials and encouraging consumers to adopt a more mindful approach to fabric consumption. By identifying the areas for improvement and reusing textile waste materials we not only can help the fashion industry but also our mother earth for future prospects.

Green human resource management and employee ecological behaviour: the mediating role of green commitment

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the influence of green human resource management (Green HRM) on employee ecological behaviour (EEB) using the mediating role of green commitment.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered using convenience sampling by surveying 308 academicians in five public research universities across Malaysia. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) tested the hypothesised model.FindingsThe results offered support for the hypotheses. Green HRM was related positively to EEB, and Green HRM influenced EEB indirectly via green commitment.Practical implicationsThis study has significant implications for policymaking regarding higher education institutions that maintain an eco-friendly environment in Malaysia. The study offers guidelines to decision makers for enhancing EEB and environmental commitment in the workplace.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the current literature on green behaviour and Green HRM by examining these relationships and testing the mediation effect of green commitment from the developing economy of Malaysia. It also offers guidelines for policymakers and HR practitioners to promote environmental friendliness at work and create an environmentally friendly organisational culture.

Influence of oxyhydrogen gas retrofit into two-stroke engine on emissions and exhaust gas temperature variations

The generation of power and fuel sustainability that contributes to a cleaner output of exhaust gases is one of the most important objectives the world seeks. In this paper, oxyhydrogen gas is used to retrofit into a two-stroke engine. The water was electrolysed and generated a mixture of oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) or known as oxyhydrogen (HHO) gas via an electrolytic dry cell generator. The HHO was retrofitted experimentally to investigate the engine emissions and exhaust gas temperature from a 1.5 kW gasoline engine. The engine was tested with different power ratings (84–720 W) to investigate the performance and emissions of the engine using gasoline followed by the addition of HHO. The emissions of CO and NOx were measured with different amounts of HHO added. The exhaust temperature was calculated as one of the variables to be considered in relation to pollution. The air-fuel ratios are varied from 12 to 20% in the experiment. The most appropriate air-fuel ratio needed to start the generator with the most environmentally friendly gas emission was analysed. The results showed that the addition of HHO to the engine is successful in reducing fuel consumption up to 8.9%. A higher percentage of HHO added also has improved the emissions and reduced exhaust gas temperature. In this study, the highest quantity of HHO added at 0.15% of the volume fraction reduced CO gas emission by up to 9.41%, NOx gas up to 4.31%, and exhaust gas temperature by up to 2.02%. Generally, adding oxyhydrogen gas has significantly reduced the emissions, and exhaust temperature and provided an eco-friendly environment.

Experimental investigation in sustainable electric discharge drilling of Inconel alloy using grey-based fuzzy logic approach

In the present era of manufacturing, sustainable processes are preferred for healthy and ecofriendly environment. To avoid the environmental pollutants and hazardous fumes during the drilling of Inconel-718 alloy, electrical discharge drilling (EDD) process has been used with deionized water as a dielectric medium in the present study. The process performance in terms of metal removal rate (MRR) and hole taper has been controlled by using four process variables such as discharge current, pulseduration, pulse interval and dielectric flushing pressure. The experiments were designed with the help of Box Behnken design (BBD) technique and further, the experimental results have been analyzed to optimize the process performance by using the grey-based fuzzy logic approach. The application of optimization approach has improved the MRR by 62.6% and hole taper is reduced by 20.23%. The parametric study has been carried out to examine the process behaviour with the variation of variables and pulse duration is found as most significant parameter for the study.

Investigation of Mechanical and Thermal Stabilities of Tamarind Seed- and Peanut Shell Powder-Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composite

Efficient exploitation of agricultural waste results in a more sustainable and ecofriendly environment since it lessens the burden of their disposal, which has become increasingly important in recent times. Due to their high mechanical strength and high thermal stability, these biodegradable low-value agrosolid wastes have the potential to successfully replace synthetic fibers and fillers in polymer matrices in the form of reinforcements. This work deals with the addition of low-cost and renewable hybrid natural fillers, tamarind seed filler (TMS), and peanut shell powder (PNS) as particulate reinforcements to the vinyl ester (VE) resin. Traditional compression molding creates TMS/PNS-VE hybrid composites with filler loadings ranging from 5% to 30%. After the composites were fabricated, they were tested for strength properties and heat deflection temperature. A detailed experimental analysis of the mechanical properties was conducted. According to the findings, 20 wt.% hybrid filler loading to the vinyl ester polymer exhibited peak tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of 40.3 MPa, 142 MPa, and 16 kJ/m2, respectively, which is 1.52, 1.69, and 1.29 times the properties of the virgin polymer. However, the peak elongation at break 3.9% was obtained at 30 wt.%. Similarly, the heat deflection temperature (HDT) test of TMS/PNS-VE composites showed a maximum rise of 50.91% at 25 wt.% of filler loading. This is 1.51 times greater than the heat deflection temperature of the pure vinyl ester resin. The findings made it quite clear that adding 20 wt.% biosolid waste hybrid particulate fillers made out of tamarind seed and peanut shell to vinyl ester is the optimum weight, which improves the mechanical and thermal properties of the TMS/PNS-VE composite, making it suitable for making cost-effective materials for lightweight applications. This study also utilizes scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the microstructural characteristics of the composites, correlating these features with their mechanical performance.