Eco-friendly Corrosion Inhibitor Research Articles

Phytochemicals as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in sulfuric acid solutions: a review

Abstract Plant extracts represent abundant sources of biomolecules distributed throughout various plant parts. These biomolecules are extracted using diverse solvents and methods. Within these plant extracts lie bioactive compounds, known for their antioxidant properties and anticorrosive capabilities. Detecting and isolating these active biomolecules from plant extracts necessitates analytical techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The active biomolecules within plant extracts contain heteroatoms within their structures, facilitating their adsorption on steel surfaces and conferring corrosion inhibition properties. The advantages of plant extracts as green corrosion inhibitors include ready availability, ease of application, eco-friendly characteristics, and cost-effectiveness. These extracts adhere to steel surfaces, blocking their active sites and effectively reducing the corrosion rate. This review consolidates the findings on the corrosion inhibition potential of plant extracts from various plant parts, elucidating their performance in different concentrations of sulfuric acid.

Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Long Alkyl Chain-Bearing Dibenzotriazole Ionic Liquids as Eco-friendly Corrosion Inhibitors in Aqueous Hydrochloride Acid.

Three long alkyl chain-bearing dibenzotriazole ionic liquids (BTA-R-BTA, R = 8, 12, and 16) were synthesized with high yield (>98%) through a simple and eco-friendly process. Their anticorrosion performance for Q235 carbon steel in 6 M hydrochloride acid was comprehensively evaluated by weight loss tests, electrochemical methods (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), and surface analysis techniques. As the length of the alkyl chain increased, the maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency enhanced from 55.02% (for BTA-8-BTA at 1.2 mM) to 97.10% (for BTA-12-BTA at 0.3 mM) and 98.84% (for BTA-16-BTA at 0.3 mM). Density functional theory calculation indicated that the alkyl chain length had little influence on the inhibitors' electronic structures, while molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the thickness, surface coverage, and compactness of adsorption films formed at the metal-electrolyte interface increased with the elongated alkyl chain. Corrosion inhibition efficiency is strongly correlated with the structures of the adsorption film.

Experimental investigation and theoretical modeling of copper corrosion inhibition by Urginea maritima essential oil

Corrosion inhibition is essential for preserving metallic materials in various industrial applications. This study aims to assess the inhibition performance of Urginea maritima essential oil (HEUM) in mitigating copper corrosion within a 0.5 M sulfuric acid environment. The experimental investigation examined the inhibition properties of the essential oil using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization studies (PDP) and surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, theoretical studies have been carried out using density functional theory (DFT) to further elucidate corrosion inhibition mechanisms. The findings from both experimental and theoretical analyses suggest a notable reduction in corrosion rates with the essential oil, highlighting its promising efficacy as an inhibitor, and the inhibitory effect of HEUM essential oil can be attributed to a synergistic effect between its various components. Furthermore, thermal stability studies demonstrate sustained inhibitory action over a range of temperatures. These results demonstrate the high potential of HEUM as a natural and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor, warranting further exploration of practical applications in corrosion control strategies.

Zea mays bracts extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for steel in HCl pickling solution: Experimental and simulation studies

Active phytochemicals with unique electron structures can adsorb on metal surfaces and effectively mitigate metal corrosion. Recently, plant extracts have garnered significant attention as green and renewable corrosion inhibitors. In this study, the abundant agricultural byproducts, namely Zea mays bracts, were used as the extract raw materials, and Zea mays bracts extract (ZMBE) was served as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl pickling solution. The organic substances in ZMBE were analyzed via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography- quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTFMS). The interaction between the active functional groups and MS was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion inhibition behavior was scrutinized through potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that functional groups such as aromatic rings, double bonds, and hydroxyls successfully adsorb on the MS surface to form the protective films. ZMBE exhibits a mixed-type corrosion inhibition with a “geometric coverage” effect. The corrosion inhibition efficiency (η) increases with ZMBE concentration and solution temperature, the optimum η with 5.0 g·L−1 ZMBE at 318 K is 96.2 %. The adsorption of active ingredients follows the Langmuir and El-Awady isotherms. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations prove the synergistic effect of complex components in ZMBE and the corrosion inhibition mechanism. ZMBE is a promising acid pickling corrosion inhibitor with broad application prospects.

Novel chitosan-oligosaccharide derivatives as fluorescent green corrosion inhibitors for P110 steel

In the exploitation of seawater resources, the transported pipelines are frequently corroded, resulting in economic losses and environmental pollution. The development of corrosion inhibitors is an effective measure to mitigate the corrosion of metals in seawater. In this work, novel chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives (CF) were synthesized as fluorescent eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor by modifying fluorescent monomers. The characterization of CF revealed excellent fluorescence intensity, promising the potential for on-line detection. The inhibition performance of CF on P110 in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated through experimental evaluation and theoretical analysis. The electrochemical measurements indicated that the corrosion inhibition efficiency was increased from 61.00 % to 91.19 % with the introduction of fluorane. Adsorption isotherm and XPS analysis demonstrated that CF is designed to protect metal by forming the composite film on P110 through physical and chemical adsorption. In addition, theoretical calculations revealed differences in the interaction energies, radial distribution functions and diffusion coefficients of inhibitors on the Fe (110) surface. These theoretical results aligned with the experiments and confirmed the excellent ability of CF in metal corrosion protection from the molecular perspective. This new chitosan derivative provides new possibilities for the development of the green composite inhibitor that allows on-line detection.

Vitamin B9 as a new eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for copper in 3.5% NaCl solution

Folic acid salt (sodium folate) have been studied as an eco-friendly and non-toxic copper corrosion inhibitor in 3.5 % NaCl solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization resistance, and weight-loss measurements show that the inhibitor efficiency increases with the concentration increase (the highest value- 96 % was reported for 16 mM sodium folate solution after 24 h). EIS data indicate that sodium folate is a barrier inhibitor. The standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption obtained using the Langmuir model (–27.5 kJ/mol) suggests that both chemisorption and physisorption may occur. The decrease in the inhibitor efficiency with temperature increase (the temperature coefficient of corrosion inhibition is –0.0045 1/oC) shows that the physical interactions between the inhibitor and metal surface dominate in the studied system. Potential chemical changes in the sodium folate solution were investigated using UV–VIS spectroscopy. Furthermore, the copper surface after immersion in the presence and absence of inhibitor was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy, and microscopic photographs. The protection of copper elements using sodium folate was found to be a promising method that is worth further development.

Response surface methodology and experimental evaluation of the inhibitory properties of corn leaf extract for aluminum corrosion in acid media

Purpose This study aims to develop eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for aluminum in acidic media by evaluating the corrosion inhibition properties of corn leaf extract (CLE) using response surface methodology (RSM) and experiments. Design/methodology/approach The RSM was combined with experiments to evaluate the corrosion inhibition properties of CLE on aluminum in acid media. Findings The effectiveness of the inhibition increased with increasing inhibitor concentration and time but decreased with increasing temperature. The corrosion inhibition mechanism revealed the corrosion process is spontaneous exothermic physical adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters revealed an activation energy between 32.1 and 24.7 kJ/mol, energy of adsorption between −14.53 and −65.07 and Gibbs free energy of −10.12 kJ/mol which indicated the CLE exothermically spontaneously physisorbed. A model was generated to estimate the effect of the process parameters (inhibitor concentration, reaction time and temperature) using the RSM. Optimization of the process factors was also carried out using the RSM. The percentage inhibition efficiency obtained experimentally (85.61%) was closely comparable to 84.89% obtained by the theoretical technique (RSM). The SEM observations of the inhibited and uninhibited Al samples demonstrated that CLE is an effective corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in acid media. Originality/value Results herein provide novel information on the possible application of CLEs as effective eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors.

Exploring Ginkgo biloba extract's green corrosion inhibition effects on Q235 steel in H2SO4 environments

The corrosion inhibition properties of Ginkgo biloba extract on Q235 steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution were comprehensively investigated using weight loss measurements, electrochemical techniques, surface characterization, and quantum chemical calculations. The results demonstrate that Ginkgo biloba extract acts as an effective green corrosion inhibitor, with inhibition efficiencies reaching up to 96.54% at a concentration of 0.7 g/L. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing extract concentration and temperature. FTIR and LC/MS analyses revealed that the extract contains various phytochemical constituents, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and other polyphenolic compounds, which contribute to its corrosion inhibition properties. The adsorption of the extract compounds on the steel surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, with a negative value of the standard free energy of adsorption, indicating a spontaneous and stable adsorption process involving both physisorption and chemisorption. SEM and XPS analyses confirmed the formation of a protective film by the adsorbed extract compounds, which acts as a barrier, preventing the direct contact between the aggressive solution and the steel substrate. The film also alters the wettability of the metal surface, making it more hydrophobic and further enhancing the corrosion inhibition efficiency. Quantum chemical calculations showed that flavonoids, particularly quercetin, contribute significantly to the corrosion inhibition performance due to their high reactivity, strong dipole moment, and stable adsorption on the Fe(110) surface. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of sustainable and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for the protection of metal structures in acidic environments.

Experimental and theoretical insights into Artemisia Stems aqueous extract as a sustainable and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1M HCl environment.

The present research demonstrates an innovative investigation of environmentally friendly mild steel (M-steel) corrosion inhibition using the artemisia stems aqueous extract (ASAEx) as an inhibitor in hydrochloric acid 1M. The standard extraction technique of hydrodistillation was used for producing the aqueous solutions of ASAEx. To assess the ratios of the chemical components, phytochemical screening was used to identify the stems of this plant. We used a variety of methods and techniques in our research on corrosion inhibition, including weight loss measures, surface analysis methods like XPS and SEM/EDS, electrochemical testing like PDP and EIS, as well as computational lead compound evaluation. Maximum inhibitory efficacy was achieved with 400mg/L ASAEx in 1M HCl at 303K, i.e. 90%. The PDP investigation verified the mixed-kind inhibitor status of the ASAEx extract. To describe the surface of M-steel, fitting and synthetic data were used to identify a constant phase element (CPE). SEM surface analysis was also used to detect the ASAEx effect on the surface of M-steel. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows the presence of trace molecules of ASAEx on M-steel surface characterizing the bands in Maj-ASAEx (major compound of ASAEx). Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) were used in computational chemistry to clarify the adsorption mechanism and inhibitory impact.

Peganum Harmala Extract as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel N80 in 1 M HCl: Electrochemical and Surface Morphological Studies

Peganum Harmala Extract as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel N80 in 1 M HCl: Electrochemical and Surface Morphological Studies

Synthesis and characterization of selenium-polyvinyl alcohol nanoparticles as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1.0 M H2SO4

Selenium nanoparticles capped with polyvinyl alcohol (Se-PVA NPs) have been synthesized by chemical reduction using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, DLS, zeta potential, FT-IR, and TEM analysis and found to be stable. The solution of Se-PVA NPs was used as a carbon steel corrosion inhibitor in 1.0 M H2SO4. The effect of the presence of Se-PVA NPs in the corrosion medium was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and gravimetric analyses In the presence of Se-PVA NPs with a concentration of 600 ppm at 303 K, corrosion inhibition efficiency values of 92.86 % and 92.3 % were recorded by potentiodynamic polarization and gravimetric analysis methods, respectively. Over the Se-PVA NPs concentration range 100–600 ppm, it was found that increasing the concentration increases the inhibition efficiency, while the temperature has an adverse effect, inhibition efficiency values of 80.0 % was recorded at 323 K for the 600 ppm Se-PVA NPs solution. The potentiodynamic polarization measurements suggested that Se-PVA NPs work as a mixed-type inhibitor. The corrosion inhibition process was confirmed by testing the used specimens’ metal surface using SEM and AFM techniques, which showed that the acidic medium’s negative impact (distortion and roughness) on the carbon steel surface was reduced significantly in the presence of Se-PVA NPs. The inhibitor’s adsorption on the metal surface was studied. It obeys the Langmuir isotherm with a mixed-type adsorption process. The related kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were investigated.

Origanum Grosii Extracts as Novel Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel In HCl Medium.

Two green inhibitors extracted from an endemic species (Origanum grosii (Og)) using two solvents of different polarity (water and ethanol), OgW (aqueous extract) and OgE (ethanolic extract), were used for the anticorrosion of mild steel (M steel) in a 1 M HCl medium. Anticorrosive performance of OgW and OgE was assessed using standard electrochemical techniques, EIS/PDP measurements, weight loss method and SEM/EDX surface analysis. The results show that OgW achieves a maximum inhibition efficiency of 92 % and that the extract in aqueous medium (more polar) is more efficient than the extract in ethanolic medium (less polar). Both extracts act as mixed inhibitors and their corrosion process is predominantly governed by a charge transfer. Concentration and temperature effect was studied and shown that they are two antagonistic parameters for the evolution of inhibitory effectiveness of both OgW and OgE. The adsorption isotherms of the two inhibitors OgE and OgW obey to the Langmuir adsorption model. Moreover, the examination of SEM images and EDX spectra support a deposit of both extracts on the metal surface by an adsorption phenomenon. Besides, theoretical approach of the molecular structures of the major compounds M-OgW and M-OgE and inhibition efficiency was examined via DFT calculations and molecular dynamics simulations and it was consistent with the experimental findings.

Evaluating the efficacy of newly synthesized amino acid derivatives as corrosion inhibitors in acidic solutions

Three benzimidazole derivatives, with tryptophan (BIT), tyrosine (BIY), and histidine (BIH) amino acid units, have remarkable protective properties as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for steel under severe acidic conditions. At a temperature of 303 K, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of BIT, BIY, and BIH at a concentration of 10 mM is 90.09 %, 92.53 %, and 93.43 %, respectively. Electrochemical tests indicate that the adsorption of these substances on the substrate leads to an increase in charge transfer resistance and interfacial electric double layer thickness. This effectively hinders the dissolution of metal and the evolution of hydrogen. The analysis of the surface structure and appearance using SEM-EDS indicates that the inhibitors have the ability to create a protective coating through both chemical and physical bonding, effectively protecting the metal from corrosive substances. Theoretical calculations, such as Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, along with FUKUI analysis, help identify active sites and adsorption configuration. This enhances our understanding of the corrosion mitigation mechanism. These findings align with the experimental conclusion that the formation of a stable protective film contributes to superior inhibition performance against acidic corrosion conditions.

Corrosion Inhibition by Musa paradisia ca Peel Extract for SS 304 in 1 M Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Objectives: To study the corrosion inhibition of Musa paradisiaca peel (MPP) extract for stainless steel (SS) 304. Method: The corrosion rate of stainless steel was studied by weight loss measurements in a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution at different concentrations of MPP inhibitor and at various temperatures, e.g., 298 K, 303 K, and 308 K. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the films created on the stainless steel surface in various immersion media at various immersion times. Both potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) examined inhibition efficiency. Langmuir adsorption isotherm studied inhibitor surface adsorption SS 304. Findings: The corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency depend on the concentration of the inhibitor and the temperature. When there is an increase in the concentration of the inhibitor, inhibition efficiency increases, e.g., at 50 mg/l concentration, 77% inhibition efficiency, and at 200 mg/l concentration, 87% inhibition efficiency at 298 K. When temperature increases, inhibition efficiency decreases, e.g., at 200 mg/l concentration, 87% at 298 K, 85% at 303 K, and 83% at 308 K. Novelty: This article provides an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for stainless steel 304. Musa paradisiaca peel extract inhibitor was previously used for iron, mild steel, and carbon steel but was not used for stainless steel 304 in 1 M HCl. Keywords: Corrosion, Stailess stell, Inhibitor, Acid

Protein-derived carbon dots as green corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in sulfuric acid solution

At present, the development of eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors (CIs) is considered an important and attractive method for controlling the corrosion of metals in acidic media. In this study, protein-derived carbon dots (P-CDs) were prepared via hydrothermal reaction using protein as the raw material, and the corrosion inhibition performances of P-CDs for carbon steel (CS) were investigated systematically. The electrochemical test results showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of 500 mg/L P-CDs on CS reached 95.1 % in 0.5 M H2SO4, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency was enhanced to 98.1 % after 8 h of immersion time. The composition and characterization of P-CDs was analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization showed that the surface of CS with P-CDs was smoother than that without P-CDs, and that P-CDs was able to adsorb on the surface of CS to form a protective layer, thereby inhibiting corrosion. Adsorption studies indicate that P-CDs form a protective layer on the surface of CS through both physisorption and chemisorption. Overall, these findings demonstrate that P-CDs exhibit superior protective effects against the corrosion of CS in 0.5 M H2SO4.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extract Characterization for Corrosion Inhibitor using Microwave-Assisted Extraction

<p>Metallic corrosion, the deterioration process induced by the interaction between metals and corrosive environments, poses a significant challenge to material integrity and longevity. Corrosion inhibitors have been identified as an effective approach among various mitigation strategies. Natural extracts, such as those derived from turmeric/<em>Curcuma longa</em>, have garnered attention for their potential as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. This study endeavors to extract, characterize, and evaluate turmeric extract's efficacy as a corrosion inhibitor within a 30% acetic acid solution. Employing microwave-assisted extraction with a 96% ethanol solvent facilitated the isolation of the extract, which was subsequently subjected to qualitative analysis through phytochemical screenings and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). These analyses confirmed the presence of antioxidative phytochemicals, including alkaloids, terpenoids, turmeronoids, curcumin, sesquiterpenoids, and phenols. The corrosion inhibitory properties of turmeric extract were assessed via immersion and flow loop experiments, revealing a notable reduction in corrosion rates—from 0.1540 mm/year to 0.0801 mm/year in immersion tests and from 5.3747 mm/year to 2.9369 mm/year in flow loop tests. Such outcomes underscore turmeric extract's potential as a viable corrosion inhibitor, attributed primarily to the chemical interactions facilitated by curcumin's phenolic and carbonyl groups with the metal surface, thereby enhancing protective efficacy. The inhibitor efficiency was quantified at 47.9743% and 45.3565% for immersion and flow loop tests, highlighting the extract's substantial inhibitory performance.</p>

Detailed DFT/MD simulation, QSAR modeling, electrochemical, and surface morphological studies of self-assembled surfactants as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for copper in 1 M HNO3 solution

Three novel self-assembled phenyl pyrazole cationic surfactant derivatives, coded as SA-6, SA-12, and SA-18, were synthesized, structure confirmed, and examined as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for Cu in 1 M HNO3 electrolyte using open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The efficacy of these surfactants was pointedly influenced by dosage (5 × 10−5 M − 1 × 10−3 M), attaining a maximum of 90.9 %, 92.9 %, and 94.5 % for SA-6, SA-12, and SA-18, respectively, at 1 × 10−3 M. The fact that the highest shift in corrosion potential (Ecorr) is so minor suggests that the compounds under investigation are inhibitors of the mixed type (anodic/cathodic). The high value of Kads and the negative ΔGadso value (−35.0, −35.8, and −36.8 kJ mol−1) suggests that the SA-6, SA-12, and SA-18 inhibitors have a strong and spontaneous tendency to adsorbed onto the Cu substrate. The development of the self-assembled surfactant defensive film on the Cu substrate was morphologically verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The studied self-assembled surfactants adsorbed physically and chemically according to Langmuir isotherm model. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) was used to construct the prediction model for SA-6, SA-12, and SA-18′s anti-corrosion properties, while density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to determine the chemical descriptors linked to the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs). It was shown that the results of the computational and electrochemical experiments were highly consistent.

Assessment of Syzygium cumini (Jamblang) fruit extract as an ecofriendly corrosion inhibitor for low-carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl medium

Assessment of Syzygium cumini (Jamblang) fruit extract as an ecofriendly corrosion inhibitor for low-carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl medium

From Waste to Protection: A Green Industrial Recycling Approach to Generate an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for 304 Stainless Steel in Saline Solutions

From Waste to Protection: A Green Industrial Recycling Approach to Generate an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for 304 Stainless Steel in Saline Solutions

Electrochemical analysis of corrosion inhibition shallot leaf (Allium cepa) extract on mild steel in acidic medium at different immersion times

Plant derivatives as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors are currently greatly interested in much research. Shallot leaf (Allium cepa) was utilized in 0.1M HCl as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel. The functional groups present in the macerated extract were subsequently identified using an FTIR test. Electrochemical tests such as tafel polarization and EIS were carried out to determine the corrosion inhibition performance of shallot leaf extract on the SS400 steel. The results of the electrochemical analysis show that shallot leaf extract can inhibit mild steel up to 94% at a concentration of 500 ppm. Furthermore, the addition of SLE reduces surface damage of mild steel, which can be seen by SEM.