Echo Effect Research Articles

Case report: A follow-up report of omental packing and drug therapy for canine prostate adenocarcinoma

Canine prostate is susceptible to diseases such as cysts, abscesses, and tumors. A 15-year-old male castrated Chinese rural dog underwent staged treatment. Preliminary diagnosis is based on examination results, including clinical symptoms (tenesmus, dysuria, frequent urination, and hematuria); hematology (elevated neutrophil count); X-rays (swelling of the prostate); ultrasound examination (less uniform echo in the prostate region, no echo effect in parenchyma); biopsy smear of prostate tissue (large number of neutrophils and rod-shaped bacteria). Therefore, the dog was preliminarily diagnosed with a prostate abscess. Antibiotic therapy was used for treatment. Three days later, the symptoms of hematuria and frequent urination did not improve, and the state was poor. The owner was advised to undergo surgical treatment-omental packing. Meanwhile, bacterial culture identification, drug sensitivity test and histopathological examination were performed. Pathological diagnosis was prostate adenocarcinoma. Subsequently, antibiotic therapy with enrofloxacin and antineoplastic maintenance therapy with mitoxantrone were administered. Six months later, the dogs were followed up, and the results showed no disease in the prostate tissue and no metastatic lesions. This is the report describing the use of omental packing for the treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma in dogs. In order to provide an important theoretical basis for the treatment of prostate cancer - omental packing into veterinary routine.

Comparison of Effects of Partial Discharge Echo in Various High-Voltage Insulation Systems

In this article, an extension of a conventional partial discharge (PD) approach called partial discharge echo (PDE), which is applied to different classes of electrical insulation systems of power devices, is presented. Currently, high-voltage (HV) electrical insulation is attributed not only to transmission and distribution grids but also to the industrial environment and emerging segments such as transportation electrification, i.e., electric vehicles, more-electric aircraft, and propulsion in maritime vehicles. This novel PDE methodology extends the conventional and established PD-based assessment, which is perceived to be one of the crucial indicators of HV electrical insulation integrity. PD echo may provide additional insight into the surface conditions and charge transport phenomena in a non-invasive way. It offers new diagnostic attributes that expand the evaluation of insulation conditions that are not possible by conventional PD measurements. The effects of partial discharge echo in various segments of insulation systems (such as cross-linked polyethylene [XLPE] power cable sections that contain defects and a twisted-pair helical coil that represents motor-winding insulation) are shown in this paper. The aim is to demonstrate the echo response on representative electrical insulating materials; for example, polyethylene, insulating paper, and Nomex. Comparisons of the PD echo decay times among various insulation systems are depicted, reflecting dielectric surface phenomena. The presented approach offers extended quantitative assessments of the conditions of HV electrical insulation, including its detection, measurement methodology, and interpretation.

Transverse echo effect induced multiple harmonic generation scheme in an electron storage ring

Multiple harmonic generation is a key issue for coherence radiation generated by an electron beam modulated by the seeding laser. A new multiple harmonic generation scheme by combining the angular dispersion-induced microbunching (ADM) with the transverse echo effect, which can be easily generated by using pulsed dipoles, a pulsed quadrupole and a pulsed multipole, is investigated in a multi-bend achromatic storage ring. Simulation results demonstrate a triple of harmonic number compared to the case of pure ADM, making it possible to generate coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation in storage rings.

Pollen metabarcoding reveals the origin and multigenerational migratory pathway of an intercontinental-scale butterfly outbreak

Migratory insects may move in large numbers, even surpassing migratory vertebrates in biomass. Long-distance migratory insects complete annual cycles through multiple generations, with each generation's reproductive success linked to the resources available at different breeding grounds. Climatic anomalies in these grounds are presumed to trigger rapid population outbreaks. Here, we infer the origin and track the multigenerational path of a remarkable outbreak of painted lady (Vanessa cardui) butterflies that took place at an intercontinental scale in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa from March 2019 to November 2019. Using metabarcoding, we identified pollen transported by 264 butterflies captured in 10 countries over 7months and modeled the distribution of the 398 plants detected. The analysis showed that swarms collected in Eastern Europe in early spring originated in Arabia and the Middle East, coinciding with a positive anomaly in vegetation growth in the region from November 2018 to April 2019. From there, the swarms advanced to Northern Europe during late spring, followed by an early reversal toward southwestern Europe in summer. The pollen-based evidence matched spatiotemporal abundance peaks revealed by citizen science, which also suggested an echo effect of the outbreak in West Africa during September-November. Our results show that population outbreaks in a part of species' migratory ranges may disseminate demographic effects across multiple generations in a wide geographic area. This study represents an unprecedented effort to track a continuous multigenerational insect migration on an intercontinental scale.

Fast and High-Resolution T2 Mapping Based on Echo Merging Plus k-t Undersampling with Reduced Refocusing Flip Angles (TEMPURA) as Methods for Human Renal MRI.

To develop a highly accelerated multi-echo spin-echo method, TEMPURA, for reducing the acquisition time and/or increasing spatial resolution for kidney T2 mapping. TEMPURA merges several adjacent echoes into one k-space by either combining independent echoes or sharing one echo between k-spaces. The combined k-space is reconstructed based on compressed sensing theory. Reduced flip angles are used for the refocusing pulses, and the extended phase graph algorithm is used to correct the effects of indirect echoes. Two sequences were developed: a fast breath-hold sequence; and a high-resolution sequence. The performance was evaluated prospectively on a phantom, 16 healthy subjects, and two patients with different types of renal tumors. The fast TEMPURA method reduced the acquisition time from 3-5 min to one breath-hold (18 s). Phantom measurements showed that fast TEMPURA had a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 8.2%, which was comparable to a standardized respiratory-triggered sequence (7.4%), but much lower than a sequence accelerated by purely k-t undersampling (21.8%). High-resolution TEMPURA reduced the in-plane voxel size from 3 × 3 to 1 × 1 mm2, resulting in improved visualization of the detailed anatomical structure. In vivo T2 measurements demonstrated good agreement (fast: MAPE = 1.3%-2.5%; high-resolution: MAPE = 2.8%-3.3%) and high correlation coefficients (fast: R = 0.85-0.98; high-resolution: 0.82-0.96) with the standardized method, outperforming k-t undersampling alone (MAPE = 3.3-4.5%, R = 0.57-0.59). TEMPURA provides fast and high-resolution renal T2 measurements. It has the potential to improve clinical throughput and delineate intratumoral heterogeneity and tissue habitats at unprecedented spatial resolution.

Advancing Edge Computing with Federated Deep Learning: Strategies and Challenges

Abstract: Edge computation (EC) represents a transformative architecture in which cloud computing services are decentralized to the locations where data originates. This shift has been facilitated by the integration of deep learning (DL) technologies, notably in eliminating latency issues commonly referred to as the "echo effect" across various platforms. In typical EC-enabled DL frameworks where data producers are directly involved, it is often necessary to share data with third parties or edge/cloud servers to facilitate model training. This process, however, raises significant concerns regarding synchronization with high data rates, seamless migration, and security, consequently exposing the system to privacy vulnerabilities. These challenges can be addressed through the adoption of Federated Learning (FL), which provides a robust mechanism to mitigate risks associated with data loss, ensure data freshness, and enhance privacy.

‘Belonging' within White male-dominated sports business management programmes

ABSTRACT Patriarchal Whiteness dominates the sports sector and sports business university classrooms. This echo effect maintains a cyclical pattern of oppression whereby only certain voices are heard and certain bodies are seen. Belongingness has the power to address injustices and facilitate the feeling of connection that can transcend social identity markers. This paper explores the experiences of students studying a White male-dominated degree in the United Kingdom (UK). In total, 10 sports business management students (undergraduate and postgraduate) were interviewed in relation to gender, race/ethnicity and belonging within their course. Findings demonstrated that belonging was more straightforward for male students who made connections with ease. Sense of belonging, however, was not entirely connected with Whiteness or gender but rather a shared sense of meaning and passion for sport. The subject of sport has the power to unify and facilitate belonging. This study has important ramifications for universities in relation to subject identity, student retention, course design and critical pedagogy.

Bariatric Surgery and Its Metabolic Echo Effect on Serum Uric Acid Levels.

Bariatric surgery (BS) has been a significant means of reducing weight in obese individuals. The metabolic changes after bariatric surgery are crucial as they extend its advantages beyond weight loss. As its name implies, "metabolic surgery" also addresses obesity-related metabolic concerns. Bariatric surgery has always been associated with lessened serum uric acid (SUA) levels. In this review, we examined current studies to understand how surgical therapies impact serum uric acid levels. Strongly minded on the extent and timing of changes in the level of serum uric acid after bariatric surgeries. We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant current studies in PubMed, Google Scholar, JAMA, and the Cochrane Library until February 1, 2024. We aimed to analyze the metabolic advantages of bariatric surgery, focusing on its function in treating hyperuricemia and lowering the risk of associated disorders. Our review elaborates on factors contributing to decreased serum uric acid levels after bariatric surgery, such as alterations in renal function, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory markers.

Optimization of the Air Cleaning Properties of Fog

Fog droplets are very often used as a cleaning agent when air pollution can be dangerous for health conditions and ecosystem. This work presents a new system to optimize the cleaning properties of fog by tuning its microphysical parameters. For this purpose, a newly developed system, which is based on the electromagnetic echo effect (EMEE) sensor, is used to detect the most efficient interaction between fog and impurities, i.e., which fog droplets can be used to most effectively clean a certain type of pollutant from the air. Fog droplet spectra controlled by the nozzle pressure system can be used to effectively remove pollutants from the air. For this purpose, an automated system for aerosol generation can allow an accurate control over the fog microphysical parameters and the use of fluids with specific concentrations of pulverized chemical compounds. Fog droplet size distribution is controlled by the feeding gas pressure at the nozzle and chemical simulants. The experimental results showed that the microphysical parameters (MP) are directly related to the impurity of species used in the cleanup simulation process. The MP parameters of fog are liquid water content (LWC), droplet mean radius (Rm), droplet number concentration (Nd), and both aerosol type and mass concentration. In the lab testing, harmless simulants of CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear) species were used. During the tests, fog droplet size distribution is controlled by the air pressure at the nozzle and simulants. It is concluded that an integrated fog generator system (IFGS) with EMEE sensor developed in the current work can be utilized broadly to control fog microphysical parameters, leading to an optimum aerosol/chemical species’ cleaning process.

Freedom of choice and network "echo effects" of information consumption

The mechanisms of media personalization and separation in network communication on the principle of like-mindedness stimulate the formation of "echo chambers" and "filter bubbles". The social network phenomenon indicated by these metaphors is the subject of research, and the concepts themselves are considered as close, but not identical. The purpose of the study is to identify factors affecting the effectiveness of filtering algorithms, the user's ability to make informed choices and self–organization in the process of information consumption. The analysis of the causes and consequences of selective strategies of online information consumption is carried out on the basis of the communicative - activity approach, the theory of virtual reality Zh. Baudrillard, concepts of digital media by K. Sunstein, E. Pariser and R. Fletcher. The results of foreign and domestic studies of communication practices on various social platforms are used as an empirical basis. The research approaches presented in the scientific literature allow us to focus on the technological and logical-semantic perspective of the analysis of stable forms of network communication. According to the authors, the interdependence of filtering algorithms and value dominants of information consumption leaves the user with a chance to independently choose a "consumer basket". The duality in obtaining personalized content is emphasized: on the one hand, it is convenience, saving effort, on the other - the one-dimensionality of the world picture in the information bubble. Based on this, freedom of choice is characterized as the right to active choice and the right not to choose, consciously delegating it to neural network filters. In conclusion, the authors identified internal and external network factors for reducing the effectiveness of filtering algorithms: the interpretation of user behavior by artificial intelligence; the functioning of rational confrontational communication; the opportunistic conceptualization of echo effects; the availability of means of conscious counteraction. Incentives for reasonable information consumption, technological and cognitive ways of protecting and rationalizing user behavior are highlighted.

Effects of Partial Discharge Echo in Motor-insulation Systems of Transportation Power Devices

Effects of Partial Discharge Echo in Motor-insulation Systems of Transportation Power Devices

‘Materie piacevolissime da leggere e utili da essequire’: The introductory letters in Leonardo Fioravanti's Capricci medicinali

AbstractThis contribution examines the changes in the type and sequence of paratexts at the beginning of Leonardo Fioravanti’s Capricci medicinali from the first edition (1561) to the 1680 edition. The aim of this paper is to study the building of a selfimage and promotion of Fioravanti and his medicine via the paratextual letters. This was the first and most published of Fioravanti’s works which spread in Venice, one of the most vital book markets of sixteenth‐century Europe, and attracted the attention of publishers and public. After a description of the different paratextual elements, this contribution briefly focuses on two specific texts, i.e., Dionigi Atanagi’s letter in praise of Fioravanti as an ideal physician and writer of medical matter, and Fioravanti's Ragionamento. Self‐care and self‐fashioning serve each other and collaborate to draw as much attention as possible on the Capricci but also on its author and even on Atanagi, a most popular polygraph at that time, as an ideal reader of the work. The parallel narration of those two texts creates a fruitful echo effect that amplifies the results and possibly contributed to the success of the Capricci medicinali.

Tunable frequency comb from echo-enabled harmonic generation free electron laser

We propose a novel scheme for the generation of a tunable soft x-ray frequency comb in a seeded free-electron laser (FEL) via the chirped pulse beating technology. Our research shows that harnessing the chirped pulse laser to imprint a submillimeter-scale energy modulation in the phase space of the relativistic electron beam together with the process of echo-enabled effect, multichromatic output soft x-ray radiation with a series of longitudinal modes can be amplified in an echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) free electron laser, which finally forms a comb-liked shape in the frequency spectrum with the mode spacing frequency at terahertz (THz) band. Based on the theoretical and numerical analyses of the modulation process, the electron beam maintains a nanometer-scale microstructures due to the echo effect, while the beam obtains an energy modulation at submillimeter-scale from the chirped pulse beating laser. This leads to a series of longitudinal modes in the downstream radiator. Three-dimension time-dependent simulation results show that a frequency comb with a central wavelength of 8.9 nm can be generated directly with the help of chirped beating laser. The frequency spacing between the frequency lines on the radiation spectrum can be tuned easily by changing the parameters of chirped beating laser.

Quasinormal modes and echo effect of a cylindrical anti–de Sitter black hole spacetime with a thin shell

This paper investigates the quasinormal mode (QNM) vibrations of a rotating cylindrical black hole (or black string) spacetime that is surrounded by a thin shell rotating synchronously with the black string's axis. The existence of the thin shell leads to a piecewise metric of the black hole spacetime beyond the horizon, which is divided into two stationary spacetime parts by the radius of the thin shell. As a result, the potential function $V(r)$ of the QNM equation is also discontinuous. To solve the QNM equation with the discontinuous potential function, we propose two methods, the matrix method and the generalized Horowitz-Hubeny method. We find that the influence of the thin shell can reduce the QNM frequency of the black string while alleviating their amplitude decay rate. Our suggested method can be easily applied to other QNM calculations of black hole spacetime with discontinuous potential function, thus facilitating investigations into more intricate and realistic black hole spacetimes, such as those with accretion disks. Additionally, the finite difference method is employed to investigate the spacetime too. This analysis discloses a substantial gap in the potential function when the thin shell's mass and charge achieve sufficiently high values, resulting in the outer spacetime nearing gravitational collapse and extreme black hole scenarios. Within this gap, the QNM wave displays oscillations, producing an echo effect. Moreover, it is established that the closeness of the spacetime to the collapse threshold and charge extremality have positive correlation with the beat interval of this echo.

SynBOLD-DisCo: Synthetic BOLD images for distortion correction of fMRI without additional calibration scans.

The blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a noninvasive technique that has been widely used in research to study brain function. However, fMRI suffers from susceptibility-induced off resonance fields which may cause geometric distortions and mismatches with anatomical images. State-of-the-art correction methods require acquiring reverse phase encoded images or additional field maps to enable distortion correction. However, not all imaging protocols include these additional scans and thus cannot take advantage of these susceptibility correction capabilities. As such, in this study we aim to enable state-of-the-art distortion correction with FSL's topup algorithm of historical and/or limited fMRI data that include only a structural image and single phase encoded fMRI. To do this, we use 3D U-net models to synthesize undistorted fMRI BOLD contrast images from the structural image and use this undistorted synthetic image as an anatomical target for distortion correction with topup. We evaluate the efficacy of this approach, named SynBOLD-DisCo (synthetic BOLD images for distortion correction), and show that BOLD images corrected using our approach are geometrically more similar to structural images than the distorted BOLD data and are practically equivalent to state-of-the-art correction methods which require reverse phase encoded data. Future directions include additional validation studies, integration with other preprocessing operations, retraining with broader pathologies, and investigating the effects of spin echo versus gradient echo images for training and distortion correction. In summary, we demonstrate SynBOLD-DisCo corrects distortion of fMRI when reverse phase encoding scans or field maps are not available.

The Ukraine Conflict and its Resonance in the European Real Estate Market: Geopolitical Turning Points of the 21st Century and their Real Estate Echo Effects

This paper examines the geopolitical dynamics of the 21st century, highlighting the global impact of regional conflicts exemplified by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Recognised as a major conflict since March 2022, the conflict has not only triggered a significant refugee crisis, but has also created significant economic, social and humanitarian challenges that have equally particularly affected the European real estate sector. The invasion is referred to as a “black swan” event. The study examines the impact of the Ukraine conflict on the European real estate market, focusing on the resilience of the market, the opportunities and risks, and the appropriate responses of investors to such unforeseen events. The study uses the DiPasquale-Wheaton model as a theoretical framework to analyse the interaction between the real estate and rental markets and provide insights into their responses to exogenous shocks such as sudden immigration. However, the limitations of the model are acknowledged as it provides a simplified representation of reality and may not properly capture the dynamic evolution of the market after the shock or short-term responses. The paper emphasises the need for caution and prudence in investment decisions to avoid panicky market reactions and potential liquidity shortages. It argues for a deeper understanding of the intricate relationships between geopolitical events and the real estate industry in a globalised European context and highlights the complex valuation issues involved in multi-asset class allocations involving real estate. Ultimately, the study calls for a reassessment of asset allocation in light of new geopolitical risks, using the DiPasquale-Wheaton model as a valuable tool to illustrate the dynamic interplay between real estate and rental markets and to guide investment decisions amid uncertainty.

Echo-enhanced molecular orientation at high temperatures

Efficient molecular orientation at high temperatures is induced by a terahertz pulse with the help of an intense nonresonant laser prepulse that dissects rotational phase space to narrow filaments. The authors use the echo effect to synchronize the terahertz response of all the filaments, leading to much enhanced orientation compared to other techniques.

Wagner's Furious Host

Wagner's Furious Host

Echoes behaving badly? Rhetorical and acoustic experimentalism in the echo fantasias of Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck and his contemporaries

Abstract The 17th-century ‘echo fantasia’ for keyboard has long posed problems of classification and attribution. This article focuses on a particularly problematic example of the genre, the Echo Fantasia in d attributed to Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (d4). Once expurgated from the Sweelinck canon, d4 differs substantially from its compatriots, most notably in its erratic echo scheme in which some echoes are marked louder than their antecedents, and others take the shape of improvisatory variants. Viewing d4 from a wider perspective, this article positions the echo fantasia at the intersection of early 17th-century rhetorical and acoustic experimentalism. On the one hand, literary portrayals of the figure of Echo relied on rhetorical devices—such as anadiplosis—that also characterize d4. On the other hand, d4’s misbehaving echoes evoke the playful experimentalism of early scientists investigating echoes, including Francis Bacon, Isaac Beeckman and Marin Mersenne. Akin to a miniature musical laboratory, the echo fantasia was a genre in which the strangest echo effects could be replicated at the organ.

Multiple echoes in beam spin-echo spectroscopy and their effect on measurements of ultra-fast dynamics

Helium (3He) spin-echo is a powerful experimental technique used to probe ultra-fast atomic scale surface dynamics. The analysis of these measurements is typically performed assuming there is only a single spin-echo condition, expected to produce a constant signal for pure elastic scattering, a monotonically decaying signal for quasi-elastic scattering and oscillations from inelastic scattering events. In the present work, we show that there are in fact four spin-echoes which must be correctly accounted for, and that even in the case of elastic scattering these additional echoes lead to oscillations which could mistakenly be interpreted as being due to inelastic scattering. We demonstrate that it is possible to accurately simulate the experimental data by propagating the 3He through the measured magnetic field profile of the apparatus and considering the geometry of the machine, allowing the effect of these additional echoes to be disentangled from inelastic scattering events in future 3He spin-echo measurements.