EBG Ground Research Articles

Miniaturized Wide Scanning Angle Phased Array Using EBG Structure for 5G Applications

This article presents a miniaturized wide-angle scanning phased array for fifth-generation (5G) application. A subarray of two closely packed patch antennas on electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBG) ground with the operating bandwidth of 26–29 GHz is used as the basic module of the linear array, which contains four equally spaced subarrays. The existence of the EBG ground enables the array to be compact in size (3.2 × 0.6 × 0.12λL3), yet the mutual coupling between each element can reach to more than 22 dB within the whole band of interest. The EBG structures also contribute to the wide element radiation pattern of the aperiodic array and consequently the wide scanning angle performance of the array. The range of the main beam scan with EBG structure can reach from −70° to 70° with more than 6 dB side lobe levels (SLLs) at 26.5 GHz with 3 dBi scanning gain loss. This proposed method enabling the array to be compact and wide in scanning angle is very attractive for 5G mobile terminal applications.

Sustaining the Radiation Properties of a 900-MHz-Band Planar LoRa Antenna Using a 2-by-2 Thin EBG Ground Plane

In this work, a 2-by-2 array of a low-profile EBG ground plane is used as a means of sustaining the radiation performance of a 900-MHz LoRa antenna that could be installed at various construction sites. The proposed semi-circles added mushroom (SAM) structure enables a thin EBG height of 0.02λg on an FR-4 substrate at 900 MHz frequencies. A planar electric meander antenna for the 900-MHz LoRa band is integrated with the proposed 2-by-2 SAM plane. From a simulation and demonstration, it is found that the impedance and radiation properties of the integrated prototype in free space are well maintained with a minimum degradation even when it is placed on a concrete medium.

A Miniaturized Microstrip Antenna Array at 5G Millimeter-Wave Band

A miniaturized two-element microstrip antenna array is proposed for the millimeter-wave band of fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems. A surface of electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBG) is applied as the ground for two closely packed patch antennas operating in 5G New Radio (26 500-29 500 MHz) frequency band. With the help of the proposed EBG ground, the two E-shaped microstrip antenna elements can be placed in close proximity to each other by 0.3 wavelength center to center distance in free space at the center frequency, yet the mutual coupling between them can still reach to more than 23 dB within the whole band of interest, which is about 10 dB larger than that on normal ground. All major radiation characteristics of the two-element array are well reserved with the EBG ground. The proposed design can be used in multiple-input-multiple-output applications or as the building subarray of larger phased arrays at millimeter-wave bands for mobile communication systems.

Design and Performance Comparison of Rotated Y-Shaped Antenna Using Different Metamaterial Surfaces for 5G Mobile Devices

In this paper, a rotated Y-shaped antenna is designed and compared in terms of performance using a conventional and EBG ground planes for future Fifth Generation (5G) cellular communication system. The rotated Y-shaped antenn... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press

Performance Enhancement in Compact Inverted-L Antenna by Using 1-D EBG Ground Structures and Beam Directors

This paper describes a compact inverted-L antenna (ILA) topology that can enhance antenna performance by utilizing one-dimensional electromagnetic bandgap (1-D EBG) ground structures and two-stage beam directors. The antenna is fed through the coaxial connector and the microstrip line, and the 1-D EBG structures are embedded on the ground plane edge of the microstrip line that is closer to the planar ILA. The 1-D EBG ground structures serve as high impedance surfaces with slow-wave behavior controlling both reflection phase in plane-wave illumination and surface-wave on the horizontal-direction of the ground plane edge. The proposed antenna with 1-D EBG ground structures exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth of 810 MHz between 2.24 GHz and 3.11 GHz within a compact size of 0.21λ 0 × 0.32λ 0 . In addition, the endfire radiation performances in horizontal-polarization of the designed antenna can be enhanced without any supplementary circuits by the integration of 1-D EBG structures within compact real-estate and by placing beam directors. As the criterion for improvement of the radiation pattern, the horizontally polarized end-fire gain of 4.0 dBi and radiation intensity difference between co-polarization and cross-polarization of 14.0 dB toward the end-fire direction are experimentally ascertained.

Miniaturized curved slotted patch antenna over a fractalized EBG ground plane

In this paper, a miniaturized coaxial feed curved-slotted microstrip patch antenna over a fractalized uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap (F-UC-EBG) ground plane is proposed and investigated. Compact size is achieved by cutting the curved slots along the orthogonal directions of the patch radiator. The curved-slotted microstrip patch antenna is 38.30% miniaturized as compared with the conventional microstrip patch antenna resonating at 2.38 GHz. Furthermore, the ordinary ground plane of the curved slotted patch antenna is replaced by the F-UC-EBG ground plane. Due to the slow wave phenomenon created in the F-UC-EBG structure and the better impedance matching at the lower frequency further miniaturization and improved performance are obtained. The proposed antenna shows 74.76% miniaturization as compared with the conventional microstrip patch antenna resonating at 1.57 GHz and has 2.61% 10-dB fractional bandwidth, 1.49 dB gain, and 81.59% radiation efficiency. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate having an overall volume of 0.184λ0 × 0.184λ0 × 0.0236λ0 at 1.57 GHz GPS band. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement and predicting appropriateness of the antenna in portable and handheld communication systems for GPS applications.

Compact EBG ground plane microstrip antenna for broad bandwidth applications

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel microstrip antenna with EBG ground plane is proposed for broad bandwidth applications. A 27 mm × 27 mm patch is designed and a slot of 20 mm × 20 mm is made on it. Slots improve the bandwidth at the cost of introduction of side lobes in the radiation pattern. To absorb these side lobes and to enhance the gain, EBG mushroom structures were introduced. The whole structure when simulated provides a gain of 4.1 dBi and an impedance bandwidth of 721 MHz around 4.8 GHz and 1,200 MHz around 7.6 GHz. Measured results shows good agreement with the simulated results and thus validates this design. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:555–557, 2016

MINIATURIZATION OF ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATION WITH DIFFERENCE METAMATERIAL STRUCTURES

In this paper, periodic structures are investigated in antenna design for wireless applications. These antennas were compared with CRLH miniaturization method. Three difierent models of patch antenna with coaxial feed on EBG ground, metamaterial substrate or EBG/AMC structure have been presented here. Also two compact dual-band antennas have been designed and fabricated based on CRLH techniques for wireless and GSM applications. The flrst antenna has directional pattern and operates at 1760, 2550 and 3850MHz (three-band antenna) with gain 2.1, i3:9 and 2.5dBi, and it is dual polarized. The size of prototype patch antenna is 20 £ 20mm 2 which is reduced about 47% in comparison to conventional patch antenna at 2.5GHz. The second antenna is designed by the use of interdigital capacitor and spiral inductor. Dimensions of antenna are 15:5£12mm 2 , so the size is reduced about 69% in comparison to conventional microstrip patch antennas at 1.8GHz. The second tri-band antenna operates at 1060MHz, 1800MHz and 2500MHz in which two frequencies (1.8 and 2.5GHz) are suitable for GMS and WLAN applications. Both structures have been designed and fabricated on FR4 low cost substrate with r = 4:4 and thickness of 1.6mm. All simulations are done with CST and HFSS. Equivalent circuit and experimental results are also presented and compared.

SCMR: Static Clustering based Design of UWB Monopole Antenna With EBG Structure And Ground With Rectangular Slots

SCMR: Static Clustering based Design of UWB Monopole Antenna With EBG Structure And Ground With Rectangular Slots

High-Performance MIMO Antenna With 1-D EBG Ground Structures for Handset Application

Antennas backed with one-dimensional electromagnetic band-gap (1-D EBG) reflectors were designed for the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) application. The two monopole antennas together with the 1-D EBG reflectors were patterned onto a folded flexible printed circuit board (FPCB). The antennas could be placed in close proximity to the EBG reflectors due to the reflection characteristics of the high-impedance EBGs. The resulting EBG-backed antennas radiate in opposite directions so that they exhibit isolation greater than 20 dB and a correlation coefficient as low as 0.04 at the operating frequency.

REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF 1-D EBG GROUND PLANE AND ITS APPLICATION TO A PLANAR DIPOLE ANTENNA

A one-dimensional electromagnetic bandgap (1-D EBG) ground plane was designed and characterized. The 1-D EBG ground plane, composed of metal patches, metal lines, and a ground plane, has in-phase re∞ection characteristics when the polarization of the incident electromagnetic waves is parallel to the direction of the EBG unit- cell array. The proposed 1-D EBG ground plane was applied to the design of low-proflle directive dipole antennas. The radiators of the designed antennas could be placed very close to the 1-D EBG ground plane without noticeable performance degradation of the antennas. In particular, the dipole antenna designed with the 1-D EBG ground plane and directors has higher directivity and a better F-B (front- to-back) ratio as compared to a conventional dipole antenna backed with a normal ground plane.

Wideband low-profile circular polarized rectangular loop antenna over a mushroom-like EBG structure

In this paper, a wideband dual rectangular loop antenna over an EBG surface is proposed for low profile wireless applications. A low frequency mushroom-like EBG surface is used as the antenna ground plane. In comparison with a PEC ground plane, design of antenna above an EBG ground plane results in 60% reduction of the structure thickness. The investigated antenna is designed for circular polarization. It is shown that the axial ratio bandwidth (<3dB) and return loss bandwidth (<10dB) of the dual rectangular loop antenna above the designed EBG surface are 18% and 14%, respectively. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.

A Microstrip Phase Shifter Design Using a Switch-Loaded Ground Plate

A microstrip phase shifter design that uses a reconfigurable metal pattern on the EBG ground plate is introduced. The EBG ground plate metal pattern contains a linear array of thin slots with switching devices loaded at the center. This design can vary the phase constant with minimum mismatch loss over a large frequency bandwidth. Several test ground plates without actual switching devices were used to verify the design concept.