Easy Road Research Articles

The Easy Road to the Rewriting of European Slavery and Colonization of the African People

People from Nigeria were thrown to different corners of the world in the course of slavery. The dispersal curiously created financial enduring financial fortunes for European states and their people. Many of the slaves were assembled in today’s United States of America. The Europeans returned to force their way into the communities of the Africans in the name of colonialism. Great wealth transfer occurred, which continues to this day. What is usually not mentioned is the destruction of the local people’s cultures that took place. England stage-managed a war in Nigeria; a war designed to permanently plant English foot in Nigeria. Nigeria became the kitchen for crude oil to service English lifestyle and industries. The weight of English economic program in Nigeria is too much for the natives to bear. Nigeria is further reduced to a beggar colony. The outcome is also a hopeless citizenry seeking succour in England and other parts of the world. There are deficiencies noticed in all aspects of Nigerian life. Unfortunately, there is increasing defence among Nigerians of the role of England in the predicament of Nigeria, thus throwing open the debate on colonisation. This work identifies English roles in Nigeria’s and correctly lays the blame on the West, especially England. Popular assumptions by many British people that their country is not appreciated for civilizing the Nigerians is gaining support from the young people in Nigeria. The purpose of the essay is also to initiate a vigorous re-education of young people on the subject matter. The work is influenced by debates this writer followed on Facebook. Books, newspaper and journal articles are the sources of the materials used for this essay.

No Easy Road to PSR in advance

No Easy Road to PSR in advance

No Easy Road to Impredicative Definabilism

Abstract Bob Hale has defended a new conception of properties that is broadly Fregean in two key respects. First, like Frege, Hale insists that every property can be defined by an open formula. Second, like Frege, but unlike later definabilists, Hale seeks to justify full impredicative property comprehension. The most innovative part of his defense, we think, is a “definability constraint” that can serve as an implicit definition of the domain of properties. We make this constraint formally precise and prove that it fails to characterize the domain uniquely. Thus, we conclude, there is no easy road to impredicative definabilism.

Sikap Masyarakat Mandailing Natal terhadap Gerakan Politik Fundamentalisme Kristen

ontemporary religious fundamentalism is built into plans for modernization and Western traditionalism that does not succeed against unintended signs of progress; then, at the time, his disregard for family values and principles as a social pattern was maintained by religion (Haynes, 2003). Much of the thought process is the breaking of the idea that God's work for the majority of fundamentalist gatherings is currently being undermined and replaced by specific progress manuals that lead to extremist socio-social conservative change. Other elements that support the undeniable rise of Islamic fundamentalists are; unfavorable administration, high unemployment of the population, disillusionment of the currents of modernization, the terrible consequences of the globalization project (Westernization), Western authorities and governments (European and American), urbanization, limited industrialization and the development of a confused class of the population in this regard are confused with the exhibition regime. Simply put, the declaration of Muslim political recovery that emerged in fundamentalist developments should have two verifiable roots; first, it is local: as a reaction to the social idea of the Islamic State; secondly, it is trans-public: in reaction to Western authority and globalism. As an easy road, not a few parts of today's Muslim society have decided to ride on the vehicle of Islamism which requires complete change in all parts of the general public.
 Keywords: People's Attitudes, Politics, Fundamentals

Occlusal Trauma has a Primary Role in the Etiology of Site-Specific Periodontitis/ Perimplantitis

An in media preponderant school of thought considers the onset from the very beginning of the periodontal/periimplant disease due to an infection. In other words the disease begins when pathogenic bacteria infect a tissue which is wholly healthy thanks to saprophyte bacteria. We will consider occlusal trauma as well as cause of the disease. The aim of the work is to demonstrate how the long-lasting mechanical stress over gingival-tooth/implant apparatus can induce the change of bacterial flora from saprophyte to opportunistic pathogenic one capable of causing periodontal/perimplant infection. Two cases are presented referring to two different patients, one affected by periodontitis, the other by perimplantitis, in which periodontitis/perimplantitis occurred only on a single tooth/implant, both in evident occlusal trauma, sparing all contiguous elements. Since periodontal/perimplant disease is a multifactorial syndrome with hypothetical causes from infectious to genetic ones, or related to internal medicine and biomechanics,this research proposes to understand the causes of the periodontal/perimplant disease moving away from conventional schemas based on the insufficient hygiene with consequent build-up of dental plaque which is considered “the only “cause of the disease. In fact we must consider both teeth and implants not as static elements but as a dynamic complex which during its function can undergo a very heavy load according to precise biological laws. In addition to all the best-known risk factors the causes that displace mandible and therefore modify occlusion must deserve specific attention. Considerable overloading on teeth and/or implants involved can contribute to the pathogenesis of the tooth/implant and its supporting tissue too. The two clinical cases of the work present site-specific periodontitis and perimplantitis. Both cases show that occlusal trauma with its consequent chronic mechanical stress is the initial cause of the disease. Later the subsequent inflamed tissue becomes an easy road to the periodontal-perimplant infection as final stage. Following the evolution of the two cases it becomes apparent that it is important to know the diseases due to occlusal trauma. Only through that knowledge we can prevent the diseases described above.

Supporting pharmacists with medical billing goes side-by-side with payment reform

Getting paid for patient care services has not been an easy road for pharmacists, but states continue to make progress, according to Allie Jo Shipman, PharmD, director of state policy at the National Alliance of State Pharmacy Associations.

고려~조선시대의 도로 및 수레 연구

Roads and wheeled carts began to be used extensively in Korea during the Three Kingdoms Era. Their use continued, with periods of development and decline, throughout the Unified Silla, Goryeo, and Joseon periods. The bulk of archaeological research on Korean roads and cart use has been focused on the earlier Three Kingdoms and Unified Silla periods. Most of the research on the use of roads and wagons in the later Goryeo and Joseon dynasties has been conducted by studying historical records. However, these records may not be accurate representations of the actual road conditions during these periods. In this study, we will attempt to correlate the limited archaeological data with data from historical records to paint a more complete picture of road and cart use during the Goryeo-Joseon period. Since the rule of the Goryeo Dynasty, tax collection was centralized in the capital, which allowed for a significant expansion of the road system. As a result, in the early Goryeo Dynasty, 22 provinces were established with 525 stations built throughout the provinces to transfer goods and horses and provide lodging. Historical records and archaeological data confirm that there were regional differences in road systems during this period. Local roads were generally excavated before construction, which is an easier road building technique than the piling method. Historical records show that roads in the Goryeo Dynasty were divided into three categories: main roads, middle roads, and small roads. The archaeological record from the time shows that the typical main roads were at least 550 ㎝ wide, the middle roads were 350-550 ㎝ wide, and the small roads were 350 ㎝ wide or less. A number of wheel tracks were found at archaeological sites. These tracks usually show an average cart wheel width of 150 ㎝. The road system continued to develop into the late Goryeo Dynasty, but was largely destroyed during that dynasty’s collapse. Efforts were made to revitalize and reorganize the road system during the Joseon Dynasty. At this time, the roads were listed in the Gyeongguk Daejeon (National Code), divided into provincial roads and outbound roads. The provincial roads were further classified into main roads (56 cheoks wide), middle roads (16 cheoks), and small roads (11 cheoks). Setting the main roads at 56 cheoks can be interpreted to be an acknowledgement by Joseon itself that it was a princely state of China in pursuant to Juraegogonggi. However, archaeological evidence indicates that royal roads for the king’s passage were wider than the required width in Gyeongguk Daejeon. In other words, it legally followed the rules of China but did not follow them in reality. The outbound roads were divided into larger arterial roads and smaller branch roads. After analyzing the existing records and archaeological data, it is presumed that the Gyeongguk Daejeon arterial roads were supposed to be similar in width to the provincial main roads, and the branch roads were meant to be smaller than the middle roads. There is evidence that some roads were constructed with a thick infill to meet these standards, but in most cases, the roads were left as they had been. The average width of cart tracks from the Joseon period archaeological sites is approximately 100-110㎝, narrower than the tracks found in Three Kingdoms and Goryeo era sites. However, there is little evidence of marks in the case of wheeled carts, which is thought to be due to the increasing preference for palanquins over wheeled carts at that time. It is apparent that the attempts to improve and standardize the road system in the Joseon Dynasty were not widely successful.

Front Cover: Mechanistic Insights into the Organocatalytic Kinetic Resolution of Oxazinones through Alcoholysis (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 3/2022)

The Front Cover represents a metaphor for the enantioselectivity produced by the organocatalyst in the studied reaction. Just like a traveler would never choose the dark and unsafe pathway and would always go through the light and easy road, the catalyst leads the reactants through the lowest energy transition state, producing the R enantiomer of the product over the S. Cover design by Inigo Iribarren. More information can be found in the Full Paper by C. Trujillo et al.

An Easy Road to Multi-contra-classicality.

A contra-classical logic is a logic that, over the same language as that of classical logic, validates arguments that are not classically valid. In this paper I investigate whether there is a single, non-trivial logic that exhibits many features of already known contra-classical logics. I show that Mortensen’s three-valued connexive logic M3V is one such logic and, furthermore, that following the example in building M3V, that is, putting a suitable conditional on top of the {sim , wedge , vee }-fragment of LP, one can get a logic exhibiting even more contra-classical features.

The Development Strategy Batik Seng Village as a Community Based and Creative Tourism Destination in Malang District

The tourism sector is a leading sector for the Indonesian economy. The tourism sector is able to spur economic growth, such as opening business opportunities in the tourism sector, be it accommodation, transportation or souvenir centers and new tourist destinations, besides that the tourism sector also opens job opportunities in the tourism sector. Kampung Batik Seng, which is located in Kepanjen, has been established since 2014, this year is the 6th year Batik Seng is listed as one of the batik villages in Malang Regency. Kampung Batik Sengguruh is a tourist destination that is managed independently by the Batik Community in Sengguruh Village by empowering mothers, fathers and youth organizations to produce batik which is then displayed in galleries. In addition, there are packages offered to attract tourists to the production sites. This study is attempt to investigate and identify what are the internal and external factors related to the development of community-based creative tourism destinations and what are the suitable strategies for developing Kampung Batik Seng. The results of this study shows that Internal factors that exist in Kampung Batik Seng. Its strength is the existence of a solid community and the uniqueness of natural batik that characterizes batik in Batik Seng Village. Meanwhile, the biggest weakness in Kampung Batik Seng is the lack of promotion of Kampung Batik Seng. External factors in Kampung Batik Seng. Opportunities are the market that is still wide open, the number of visitors who have come to the location and easy road access. While the existing threats are the absence of guidance from the Tourism Office and the Tourism Village Communication Forum, competitors with the concept of education and the existence of the Covid-19 pandemic. And the strategy that is suitable for the development of Kampung Batik Seng is a diversification strategy, namely the community, community and village parties make plans for the development of Kampung Batik Seng with a different concept from competitors. Keywords : creative tourism destination, development strategies, diversification strategies DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/58-03 Publication date: August 31 st 2021

Penile allotransplantation: early outcomes from reported cases and survivorship considerations

Vascular composite allografts are at the forefront of medical and surgical innovation. With this new technique and the ability to transplant a face, hands, an abdominal wall, a uterus, or even a penis, patients can undergo operations that may drastically improve their quality of life. Although this process presents significant opportunities it is not always an easy road and requires significant upfront counseling and life-long immunosuppression. Often the recovery course is long, with functionality taking months to years to gain. Immunosuppression must be used to prevent rejection of the allograft although it has serious long-term side-effects. Only five patients have undergone penile allotransplantation but reported outcomes from these small numbers have nonetheless offered significant lessons with each patient. While the operation is still in its infancy, it is certain that shared experiences by surgical teams will yield improved outcomes in the future.

The Mind of RGB

The Mind of RGB Toni Messina (bio) The Way Women Are: Transformative Opinions and Dissents of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg Cathy Cambron, ed. Welcome Rain Publishers https://www.amazon.com/Way-Women-Are-Transformative-Opinions/dp/1566494044 304 Pages; Print, $11.99 The cover of The Way Women Are, a book containing "the transformative opinions and dissents" of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg is sleek, smooth, and inviting. It pictures the judge's favorite white jabot collar woven from tiny white beads set again a black background. That's all we need to recognize who this book will be about. The book, though, is not about RBG's life, background, secret desires, or even a day in the life. It's about how she thought, as detailed through her decisions and briefs written over the decades she's been a litigator arguing in front of the Supreme Court and as a sitting justice. The editor, former lawyer Cathy Cambron, has compiled and excerpted what she believes are Justice Ginsburg’s most ground-breaking decisions and dissents in addition to sections from briefs she argued on behalf of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). While they cover a variety of subjects as diverse as women's abortion rights and separation of church and state, what they share is a clear-headed, fearless view that the constitution should be applied fairly across the board for Jew, Muslim, female or male. Her writings depict the mind of a judge unafraid to upbraid her brethren's logic and ruffle feathers when an important point needs to be made. Legal opinions don't make for easy reading. The book is not a synopsis of her greatest hits, but excerpts of actual decisions and briefs which by their very logic-favoring nature do not make for engrossing prose. It's the kind of dense read that pushes law students to develop eight-cup-a-day coffee habits. Yet in spite of the formality—point A leads to point B which leads to point C—each opinion includes a nugget as memorable as any quotable-quote from Shakespeare. The brief introduction (10 pages of the 284-page book) outlines the trajectory of Ginsberg, nee Joan Ruth Bader, from her birth in Brooklyn in 1933 to her rise through Cornell in the 1950's, to Harvard Law School where she met her husband, to teaching at Columbia law and Rutgers law schools, to volunteering at the ACLU where she co-founded the Women's Rights Project, to her tenure at the U.S. Supreme Court. Hers was not an easy road, confronted with the death of her mom at age sixteen, dealing with her husband's diagnosis of testicular cancer while both were law students, struggling to find a good law job or judicial clerkship upon graduation. According to the book, in 1971, the year she argued her first case in front of the US Supreme Court (Reed v. Reed), only 3% of all attorneys in the country were women. But information on her stellar rise through the ranks and eventual appointment as the second woman ever on the Supreme Court (after Sandra Day O'Connor) has already been thoroughly explored in books, documentaries, Hollywood movies (On the Basis of Sex [2018]), and through the many interviews she's given. (RBG is not one to shy away from giving her opinion.) What this book adds, however, is a sampling of her actual words, taken from her decisions, dissents and briefs. It's an up-close view of how her mind works, the acuity of her thinking, the sharpness of her wit, and the ultimate reality that Supreme Court decision-making is a product of nine justices that requires compromise and collegiality. Because of the book's scope, starting with briefs she wrote fighting for the equal treatment of men and woman in the 1970s through current times with the present Supreme Court make-up, it's often startling and, in my mind, sad to see how her role changed from being that of a leader on issues such as worker's rights, abortion access, equal protection...

Prior failures, laboring in vain, and knowing when to give up: Incremental versus entity theories.

Against intuition, a set of “desirable difficulties” has been touted as a way in which to improve learning and lengthen retention. This includes, for instance, varying the conditions of learning to allow for more active, effortful, or challenging, contexts. In the current paper, we introduce data that show that, on the contrary, learning to know when to take the easy road may be crucial when it comes to avoiding “laboring in vain.” We presented participants with prior problems – either easy or difficult – followed by choices of selecting an easy or a difficult current problem. Our primary goal was to examine the notion that past failures (which are more likely on the difficult prior items) may be a basis for allowing learners to then choose the easy rather than the difficult current problem. In other words, if one has labored in vain already, the easier items may now be more desirable. In addition, we compare the selections that are made between incremental and entity perspectives, given their fundamentally opposing views on effort. Our results showed that, interestingly, incremental theorists, who generally are proponents of effort, were more likely to select the easy problems, but only when they had experienced failure on prior, and similar, difficult tasks. We interpret these data to suggest that those holding an incremental view may be more in tune with their past efforts, resulting in a Metacognition-by-Experience, or ME strategy, and also hint at its generalizability through cross-cultural comparisons.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11409-020-09253-5.

Renal denervation – not an easy road to treatment of arterial hypertension and concomitant diseases

Percutaneous renal denervation (RDN) has been introduced in clinical trials as the possible interventional method of treatment of resistant hypertension more than one decade ago. The results of trials: SYMPLICITY HTN-1 (single-arm), HTN-2 (randomized, single-blinded) and HTN-3 (with sham procedure) are summarized in this article. The author presents the results of second-generation trials with new technologies: Spyral catheter (radiofrequency RDN) and Paradise system (ultrasound RDN). The favorable results of these studies justify the revision of the current recommendations, limiting this method only to clinical trials. Also the studies on RDN applied in atrial fibrillation and obstructive sleep apnea – diseases related to sympathetic nervous system activity – are discussed.

Content Extraction, Ontological Mootness and Nominalism: Difficulties on the Easy Road

In his latest book Aboutness, Stephen Yablo has proposed a new ‘easy road’ nominalist strategy: instead of engaging in the hard work of paraphrasing a scientific theory which presupposes numbers in a nominalistically acceptable way, nominalists are, according to Yablo, entitled to accept the theory as true, while rejecting the existence of numbers, if from the theory’s content the presupposition that there are numbers can be subtracted away, yielding thus a number-free content remainder. Perfect extricability, i.e. extricability in every possible world, of the presupposition that there are numbers from any content apparently involving them is, in Yablo’s view, sufficient to make the existence of numbers moot. In this paper I will argue that perfect extricability fails as a criterion of ontological mootness.

The Analysis of Tourism Development Strategy at Kampoeng Durian in the Region of Ngrogung Ngebel Ponorogo Through Nine Approach Components of Business Model Canvas

This research aims to map the excellence owned by Kampoeng Durian in Ngrogung District Ngebel that uses SWOT to analyze tourism development strategy of Kampoeng Durian Ngebel through the Business Model Canvas (BMC) approach. This research was qualitative descriptive research methods using the Business Model Canvas framework, which was used to assess several variables in the tour Kampoeng Durian Ngrogung Village. The results showed that the tourism management Kampoeng durian need to conduct various development efforts in each component Business Model Canvas. Those were building business partners with various parties (key partner), adding business activities or operations in the business of Kampoeng Durian (key activities), doing durian fruit processing into various new products/processed products (value proposition), creating a special pricing program for tourists (customer relationship), providing easy road access to the tourism site of Kampoeng Durian Strategies by adding segments that will be served in a business (segment), Other resources in providing services to tourists. (key resource), promoting in various media (channels) and adding a business income source (revenue streams).
 Keywords: Business Model Canvas; Kampoeng Durian; Ngebel Ponorogo; SWOT

Physical exercises and fat burners – the easy road to severe consequences?

The aim of the study is to identify the features of the regular aerobic exercise effect, dietary diet with the intake of dietary supplements with plant components, intended for weight loss, on the reduction of body weight, fat mass, and glycemic profile of overweight women. The article presents the results of two groups of women (22 people in each) in a three-month physical fitness program to reduce excess weight, including regular exercise and adherence to dietary nutrition. Women of the first group additionally took an active substance for weight loss, containing a mixture of carnitine, chromium, arginine and guarana, green tea, citrus fruits and willow extract, women of the second group without placebo. It was found that participation in the program led to approximately the same reduction in body weight, BMI, total body fat, visceral fat and waist circumference in women of both groups. The use of a dietary supplement (fat burner) had a negative effect on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. We attribute this result to the presence of caffeine and an especially inappropriate combination of substances in the mixture. The negative influence of a fat burner on carbohydrate metabolism revealed by us in the process of physical culture and health-improving fitness must be taken into account when organizing sports nutrition with the use of biologically active additives.

PENGEMBANGAN WISATA WARISAN BUDAYA SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK KOTA TANGERANG CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AS TOURIST ATTRACTION IN TANGERANG

Cultural heritage is what humans are living now and what is passed on to future generations and is usually valuable and worthy of being protected and preserved. The application of cultural heritage as a tourist attraction had developed into a tourism inndustry that is very extensive and much in demand today. Cultural heritage tourism is a journey related to the history of the trip is packed with the aim of visiting a place that is considered to have an important history for an area or city that can be a tourist attraction. Tangerang city has the potential to developed cultural heritage tourism because many places are considered as tourism potential that can be a major attraction for tourist visiting to tangerang city.The problem the authors take in this research is about development of cultural heritage tourism into a tourist attraction in the city of tangerang. Tourist attaraction should be able to contribute satisafction for tourists in aspects 4 a (attractions, accessibility, amenities and ancillary or institutional). This research was conducted to determine the potential of existing cultural heritage tourism attractions and make this potential as a tourist attarction in tangerang. The research method used is a qualitative research method. Researchers use exsisting data in the city of government in the development of cultural tourism as well as the results of interviews that have been conducted to the resource persons.The results were analysed using development theory such as attraction, accessibility, amenities and institutional. Aspects of attractions include something to see, learn, taste and experiences which has not been completed offered to tourists, but there are plans to add existing attractions. Aspects of accessibility is suffieciently because of many transportation and easy roads to reach the destination. Aspects of amenities is also adequately for the reason that restaurant and lodgings are not far from the heritage area.the institutional aspects of tangerang city government now has support and plan for heritage in tangerang city to be accomplished and can be enjoyed by society and tourists.Based on the research results concluded that tangerang city can be developed into a tourist attraction from the four aspects. Furthermore, tangerang city must pursue the concept of tourism development towards sustainability and environmentally so the potential heritage tourism is secured and conserved.

An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Investigating UK Female Experiences of Psychosocial Adjustment Following Bariatric Surgery

The psychosocial impact of bariatric surgery has not been studied as diligently as the physical impact, particularly within the first 6 months following surgery. The aim of the present study was to explore psychosocial adjustment in UK bariatric candidates within this time-scale. Six female participants were purposively recruited to complete a semi-structured interview, and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse their experiences. Four super-ordinate themes emerged from the interview data which were: (1) "It was me but it wasn’t me": pre-surgery identity, (2) "I don’t see myself as this fat blob of a person anymore": transforming identity, (3) "No easy road to weight loss": the challenges of living with stomach restriction, (4) "I’m letting people in more now": re-engaging with others and the world. Participant accounts highlighted a largely positive psychosocial experience following surgery. Results are discussed in support of previous literature and suggest (1) the exploration of identity more thoroughly, and (2) the importance of routine pre- and post-surgery psychosocial support to be incorporated as part of Tier 3 and 4 bariatric services.

Innovative Real-Time Observing Capabilities for Remote Coastal Regions

Remote regions across Alaska are challenging environments for obtaining real-time observations due to lack of power, easy road access and robust communication systems. The Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS) has partnered with federal and state agencies, local non-profits and universities to demonstrate innovative observing technologies and infrastructure support applications that address these challenges. These solutions are designed to meet observing needs for forecasting and reporting conditions for safe navigation, response to emergencies and coastal hazards, and are delivering real-time surface current, sea ice, water level and weather data in areas which were off limits to operational real-time observations a mere 10 years ago. Alternative power solutions for shore-based observing in remote areas and technologies that are not problematic during freeze-up conditions are also making much needed observations in areas difficult to maintain operational installations. In this paper, we discuss technologies AOOS has helped successfully implement to fill critical observing gaps, including remotely powered, high frequency (HF) radar that measure surface current, a low cost, real-time ice detection buoy system that stays in the water through freeze-up, two alternative water level technologies to traditional National Water Level Observing Network (NWLON) installations, and weather observing installations that share data using the Automated Information System (AIS), which is used primarily to track ocean vessels. These technologies not only respond to Alaska needs, but also have broader applications to other remote regions including international Arctic and Antarctic locations, and remote coasts of New England, the Pacific Northwest and the Pacific Islands.