Eastern Part Of Siberia Research Articles

Заречные районы Якутии в годы Великой Отечественной войны: социально-экономический аспект

The purpose of the research is to provide an insight into the main aspects of the socio-economic situation in the transfluvial uluses of Yakutia during the Great Patriotic War. The article considers the issues of regional history related to the Yakuts’ daily life on the home front during the war. Scientific novelty of the work lies in conducting a comprehensive study of the socio-economic situation in transfluvial districts of Yakutia during the years of the war with unpublished and published materials involvement. As a result, it is proved that the study of the military everyday life of the transfluvial districts significantly complements the history of these uluses and Yakutia as a whole, expands the accumulated data on the everyday life of a certain part of Eastern Siberia’s population during the Great Patriotic War.

Application of wild-raw materials of the Irkutsk region in the production of functional canned products

Relevance. Currently, the environmental situation in many regions of our country leaves much to be desired. It is known that proper nutrition is the foundation of health. Products intended for a healthy diet can only be made from environmentally friendly raw materials. In this regard, the regions of Siberia are of particular interest - they are rich in forests located far from settlements, where it is possible to collect and harvest large quantities of ecologically clean wild-growing raw materials for the production of functional food products.Materials and methods. The authors of the article analyzed the nutritional value and biochemical composition of wild-growing raw materials growing in the southern part of Eastern Siberia (Irkutsk region) on the basis of literature sources. The following raw materials were considered: blueberries (Vaccinium uliginosum), wild garlic: bear onions (Allium ursinum L.), forest mushrooms, pine nut cake and spicy-aromatic herbs – sagan-daila (Rhododendron Adamsii) and thyme (Thymus vulg?ris). Information about their nutritional value and biochemical composition is given. Based on the results of this analysis, a conclusion was made on the promising use of this raw material for the production of functional food products.Results. The article presents the results of scientific research related to the development of functional canned food based on wild-growing raw materials growing in the southern part of Eastern Siberia (Irkutsk region). Formulations of functional sauces have been developed, information on nutritional value and data on the content of the main functional ingredients in canned food are provided.

Устноисторические источники в изучении земледельческих миграций мордвы и формирования поселений в восточной части Сибири в 1930–1940-е годы

Устноисторические источники в изучении земледельческих миграций мордвы и формирования поселений в восточной части Сибири в 1930–1940-е годы

The dynamics of population size in regional capitals of modern Russia

The object of this research is the cities of Russia, while the subject is the dynamics of regional capitals by population size in post-Soviet period. The goal is to determine the types of dynamics and patterns of their territorial distribution. The typology considers the decline in population size in 1990s – 2010s and its subsequent restoration. In the course of research, the author processed statistical information based on population size of the cities and socioeconomic characteristics of regions of the Russian Federation. The areal approach was applied for determination of large territories with certain types of dynamics of the cities. The author is first to carry out classification of the dynamics of population size in post-Soviet Russia, highlighting the following four parts: extended restoration, incomplete restoration, stable growth, stable decline). The areas with most widespread types are defined. It is concluded that after a decline in 1990s – 2010s, in a relatively large part of regional capitals of Russia (about 42%), the population exceeded the size of 1991 by 2020. The dynamics of population size of regional capitals of national entities looks more favorable than the dynamics of regional capitals of the counties. A large monolith area of incomplete type of restoration covers the majority of Volga Region, Central Non-Black Earth area, part of Central Black Earth area and Northeastern European Russia. The type of extended restoration has two main monolith areas, one of which covers a part of Central Black Earth area and South-West, while another – the majority of Ural and Western Siberia, and a part of Eastern Siberia. Socioeconomic characteristics of the region, which reflect the level of its development and well-being, have correlational ties with dynamics of a regional capital, but do not fully explain the origin of areas of particular type of dynamics.

The main precipitation modes over Mongolia and southern part of Eastern Siberia in July

The main precipitation modes over Mongolia and southern part of Eastern Siberia in July

Strong tolerance to freezing is a major survival strategy in insects inhabiting central Yakutia (Sakha Republic, Russia), the coldest region on earth

Yakutia is a part of eastern Siberia, located in north-eastern Russia. The climate of this area is very harsh even by Siberian standards, and is characterized by the absolute temperature minimum, which is below −64.4 °C, and a long period of low temperatures reaching to a range between −47 and −55 °C. Despite such a severe climate, the fauna and flora of Yakutia present a considerably rich biodiversity, suggesting a high adaptation potential of the organisms in this area. In this study, 30 local species of insects belonging to Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera were selected to investigate cold adaptation. The identification of the cold adaptation strategy was based on the measurement of the insect body supercooling point (SCP) and hemolymph ice-nucleating activity. According to the data collected, there is a high incidence of freeze tolerant species among the insects found in Yakutsk area (Yakutsk, 62° latitude, 130° longitude): 93.3% of them were freeze tolerant, and only 6.7% were freeze avoiding. It is suggested that the evolution of cold hardiness in this region preferably develops for the selection of the strong freeze tolerance that allow the insects to survive extreme cold conditions.

New technologies among Evenki hunter-gatherers in East Siberia

This article presents some results of the photographic analysis project, that we accomplish on the basis of 17,000 photos shot during the anthropological fieldwork between October 2008 and November 2009 among Evenki living in East Buryatia, in the Eastern part of Siberia. The aim of the project is to study the non-verbal patterns of culture. Some activities are significant due to the natural environment and the peripheral position of the Evenki land. Modern and old instruments can be seen together in the taiga, they relate to each other and form pairs. The existence of these pairs show the necessity of the co-presence of modern and old technologies and the importance of the categories — activities — tasks connected with them. An old instrument can remain among the Evenki only if an adaptable new instrument can find its place in the everyday life. Sometimes old practical skills also need to be reinvented for the accomplishment of a particular task. The things which have no modern existing pair, step by step lose their place and extinguish.

The first record of the shore-fly genus Glenanthe Haliday, 1839 (Diptera, Ephydridae) in the fauna of Russia

The material of the genus Glenanthe Haliday, 1839 in the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University and in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, was revised. Glenanthe fuscinervis Becker, 1896 is recorded for the fauna of Russia for the first time from the southwestern part of Eastern Siberia. Glenanthe bimaculata Hendel, 1934 is found for the first time in Turkmenistan. A key to the Palaearctic species of the genus Glenanthe Haliday, 1839 is provided.

Patterns of spatial distribution of positive thunderstorm discharges in Eastern Siberia

Patterns of spatial distributions of the thunderstorm positive discharges, which were obtained by using a one-point storm direction and distance finder with observation radius of ∼1200 km in Eastern Siberia in 2003–2007, are considered in this paper. It was found that distributions of positive discharges reflect, in general, overall patterns of thunderstorm activity. Two centers corresponding to maximum activity of the negative storm discharges are located in southwest; however, they were dominating (in terms of their intensity) only in 2005. Two other centers are more intense: the northeastern one was especially strong in 2003, 2004, 2006 and the eastern one was dominating in 2003 and 2007. The northeastern centers are the most active in the beginning and the end of the season. In these areas, ratio of positive and negative discharge fluxes can exceed 1. Activity of the eastern center, whose large part is situated in mountains, can be explained by neighborhood of the Sea of Okhotsk. The mentioned patterns of spatial distributions of positive storm discharges indicate that the geographic conditions play a significant role in their origination in the eastern part of Siberia. In the southern and western regions, a typical electric structure of thunderstorm clouds develops with main negative charge in the lower part of a cloud. At the same time, in the high latitudes, in the mountains, evidently, a different mechanism is realized, leading to the inverted location of charges in a cloud.

The Russian Far East: A Reference Guide for Conservation and Development

Review: The Russian Far East: A Reference Guide for Conservation and Development By Josh Newell (Ed.) Reviewed by Laura M. Calkins Texas Tech University, USA Josh Newell (Ed.) The Russian Far East: A Reference Guide for Conservation and Development. Second Edition. McKinleyville, CA: Daniel & Daniel, Publishers, Inc., 2004. 466pp. ISBN:1880284-75-8. US$59.95. (paperback) Acid-free paper. The Russian Far East (RFE) is a massive yet little-known ecological preserve, buffered from industrial revolution and resulting environmental depredations both by its remote geography and by relative political and economic isolation of Soviet Union, of which it was a part until 1991. Now part of Russian Federation, RFE is enormous. It covers 6.6 million square kilometers, stretching from Laptev Sea and Arctic Ocean in north to borders with China and Japan in south. It includes at its extreme southern tip great port of Vladivostok on Sea of Japan, and takes in Sakhalin and Kuril Islands as well as Kamchatka Peninsula and Russian side of Bering Strait. Westerners tend to think of this area as eastern part of Siberia, but for Russians and most Asians, Siberia is vast mid-continent region west of RFE. With volcanic mountains, Arctic tundra, massive stretches of forest and temperate ocean littorals, RFE is, as editor Josh Newell claims, the most biologically diverse region of largest country on earth (p. vii). It is also one of world's last great expanses to be both broadly, although lightly, populated and relatively understudied. Since early 1920s entire region has been isolated from international interactions by a political Polar Curtain imposed by Soviet government based in Moscow, some 9000 kilometers to west. Soviet-era scientists, scholars, and bureaucrats worked assiduously to survey, catalog, and control peoples and natural assets of RFE, but only since mid-1990s have European, American, and Asian scientists and tourists gained entrance to this fascinating region. This reference guide would be invaluable to anyone fortunate enough to visit Russia's Far East, but its organization is also welcoming for non-experts who need to study RFE from afar. An initial overview section sets out environmental complexity of region, while ten subsequent chapters provide economic profiles, ecological data, and revealing photographs of each sub-region. Each chapter also includes special sections on regional ecology, legal issues, indigenous peoples, and biodiversity hotspots. One chapter profiles immense Republic of Sakha, which at 3.1 million square kilometers encompasses one quarter of Russian Federation's land area; it is approximately five times size of US state of Texas (p.227). Another RFE region, or oblast, is Autonomous which lies along Amur River on border with China. Stalin as a relocation zone for European Russia's urban Jewish minority created this Oblast in 1920s (p. 180); but now miners and oil field workers have replaced Jewish refugees. …

Cartographic Support for Planning, Construction, and Use of the Baykal-Amur Railroad Route

A Russian geographer describes the cartographic products developed to support the planning, construction, and use of the Baykal-Amur Mainline (BAM) railroad route. The documents include atlases published for the various regions (oblasts) along the route, multisheet general reference maps of the southern part of East Siberia, a series of maps of the agroclimatic resources of the southern part of Eastern Siberia, and a group of general maps of Asiatic Russia. The main focus is on the Atlas of Amur Oblast, developed under the author's guidance and published in 1981. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, Virginia from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 2002, No. 4, pp. 123-127.

The Northern Part of Eastern Siberia: Refuge of Mammoth Fauna in the Holocene

The Northern Part of Eastern Siberia: Refuge of Mammoth Fauna in the Holocene

Pleistocene permafrost in Western Transbaikalia

Abstract Progressive cooling of the Pleistocene climate led to the formation of permafrost in the southern part of Eastern Siberia, in particular, in low mountains and valley floors of the Transbaikal area. It was thought that in Western Transbaikalia the permafrost first appeared in the Middle Pleistocene and was related to the maximum — Riss (Samarovo) — glaciation (Ravsky et al., 1964. Anthropogene Deposits of the Southern East Siberia. Nauka Press, Moscow, p. 105 (in Russian); Bazarov, D.B., 1968. The Quaternary Deposits and the Main Stages of the Selenginskoye Midland Development. Ulan-Ude, p. 166 (in Russian); and others). Earlier investigators found evidence of two cold stages in the Tologoi key section (Alexandrova, L.P., Vangengeim, E.A., Gerbova, V.G., Golubeva, L.V., Ravsky, E.I., 1963. New data on the Anthropogene deposits of the Tologoi section (Western Transbaikalia). Quaternary Commission of the USSR, Bulletin 28, 84–101 (in Russian); Bazarov, 1968). New research in this area, in particular, at the Tologoi key section, resulted in the discovery of cryogenic deformation levels which were older than those previously described. They are found below the Brunhes/Matuyama boundary, although above the Jaramillo event of normal magnetization between 0.78 and 0.99 Ma BP. Eight levels of cryogenic deformations have been established in the Tologoi key sections, with three dated to the Early Pleistocene and five to the Middle Pleistocene. In total, in the Transbaikal area, not less than 10 levels of Pleistocene cryogenic deformations are recognized at the present time.

冬季北半球における下層寒気の時空間変動の季節的な位相固定

The climatological features of temporal and spatial variations of large-scale circulation and lower cold air (LCA) in the winter northern hemisphere are investigated using 9-year mean temperature and geopotential height data, from 1980 to 1988. The large-scale circulation pattern abruptly changes in late December (the 70th pentad) and mid-February (the 9th pentad), and shows a more meandering pattern in the period between these two pentads. We define this period as the climatological 'midwinter' in the northern hemisphere. During midwinter, LCA regions lying around the eastern part of Siberia and the Northwest Territories of Canada exhibit periodical and phase-locked variations with periods of about 25-35 days. The phase-locked migration patterns of three major LCAs in the eastern part of Siberia, Northwest Territories of Canada, and Scandinavian Peninsula in midwinter are investigated using the composite maps of 850 hPa temperature anomaly. The LCA over the Scandinavian Peninsula migrates from the high cyclonic activity area in the North Atlantic to the north side of the Tibetan Plateau. The LCA in Siberia is formed periodically with large temperature variation and migrates to the Central Pacific. The LCA over the North American Continent spreads in the meridional direction. The phaselocking of LCA movement is closely related to the appearances of some natural seasons and singularities in Japan.

Petroleum Potential of Arctic Canada

An estimated 18 percent of the world petroleum potential north of the 60th parallel lies in the sedimentary basins of the Canadian Arctic. Little oil parallel lies in the sedimentary basins of the Canadian Arctic. Little oil has been discovered, but significant gas reserves have been found in the Beaufort basin and the Arctic Islands, and with expected large discoveries in the next 2 years, gas from the Beaufort basin should be available to southern markets by 1980. Introduction The terms "petroleum" and "hydrocarbons" include oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids. Tar sands, oil shales, and coal are all excluded. The term "Arctic" refers to that region lying north of the 60th parallel. parallel. Petroleum or hydrocarbon potential here means the total ultimate recoverable oil and gas resources that are expected to be discovered and produced by conventional methods, allowing for reasonable advances in technology. In this paper the petroleum potential estimates for Canada are based on the volumetric method whereby the volume of the prospective sedimentary rocks is calculated and a petroleum yield factor is applied. This yield factor is determined largely by a general comparison of the subject area with geologically similar areas in a more advanced stage of development, and modified by geologic judgment that takes into account the many factors controlling petroleum genesis, migration, and accumulation. This petroleum genesis, migration, and accumulation. This follows, more or less, the methods pioneered and described in numerous papers published by Lewis G. Weeks and others over the past 25 years. This paper deals primarily with the petroleum potential of Arctic Canada and, in particular, with potential of Arctic Canada and, in particular, with the Arctic Islands and Beaufort Basin that together account for more than 80 percent of Arctic Canada's potential. potential. To provide a basis for comparison with other Arctic regions, the world's petroleum potential north of the 60th parallel will be briefly reviewed. World Arctic Region The areas considered to be prospective for petroleum north of the 60th parallel are shown on Fig. 1. The largest area, greatest potential, and probably the greatest proved reserves lie in Russia. Here have been discovered large oil reserves in the West Siberian basin north of latitude 6011 and what appear to be very large gas reserves farther north in this basin near the Ob River east of the Ural Mountains. Gas has also been discovered in the north-central portion of the basin south of Yamal and Gyda Peninsulas, and large gas reserves are reported in the eastern part of the basin near the Lena River. Both gas and oil have also been discovered in the Timan Plateau area of the Central Russian basin, west of the Ural Mountains. The prospective section of the West Siberian basin appears to extend offshore into the Kara Sea, where drilling conditions are relatively favorable; i.e. there is no permanent ice cover and water depths are less than 600 ft. The western part of the Kara Sea (southeast of Novaya Zemlya) therefore appears to be the most likely area for the first Russian Arctic offshore ventures. Offshore prospects also appear to be favorable over a northern extension of the Central Russian basin into the Barents Sea west of Novaya Zemlya. Prospects for significant petroleum production appear to be poor over a large part of eastern Siberia, including the Chukchi Peninsula. JPT P. 143

On a Japanese spider identified with Araneus quadratus of Europe

Two species of beautifully coloured araneine spiders regarded hitherto as different are often found in the northern part of Japan; one is called Akaonigumo or Red Araneus and the other Daidaionigumo or Orange Araneus. The former has long been identified with Araneus quadratus CLERCK and the latter with Araneus pinguis (KARSCH) in this country. The writer, however, has had some doubt about the justness of this identifica-tion, in that the red species can be found more in accord in its characters with the description of Araneus pinguis than with that of Araneus quadratus. Recently, through the kindness of Dr. M. Grasshoff and Dr. H. W. Levi, he has been given an oppor-tunity to examine some typical specimens of European Araneus quadratus. As a result of his comparative study, he has now come to a conclusion that the red species (Akaonigumo) has hitherto been wrongly identified with Araneus quadratus and that both speiders, red and orange (Akaonigumo and Daidaionigumo), can actually be referred to Araneus pinguis. So far as its shape and structure of male palp (embolus, conductor, median apophysis and terminal apophysis) and those of female epigynum (scape and posterior lamellae) are concerned, Araneus pinguis is clearly distinguishable from Araneus quadratus, but it must be admitted on the other hand that the former has some notable affinity with the latter, too. Consequently, it is considered highly possible that Araneus pinguis may be either a geographic variation or a subspecies derived from a common ancestral stock. For the time being, however, the writer still prefers to regard Araneus pinguis as an independent species for the following reasons. 1. It is not definitely known yet whether Araneus quadratus has varied with a cline across Siberia or its distribution is cut off somewhere on the continent. 2. There is much difference in sexual organs between Araneus pinguis and Araneus quadratus, so that the former seems to be far above the level of a subspecies of the latter in its characteristics. 3. The species reported as Araneus quadratus from the eastern part of Siberia (Amur and Kamchatka) may also be Araneus Pinguis. This is because the species from Manchuria and Sakhalin were found identifiable as the same species with Japanese one on the writer's examination. After all, the comparative study of species, European, Siberian and Japanese, is very important, in order not only to give each respective one the correct specific name but also to research the variation, especially the speciation caused by geo-graphic isolation in such a vast area. The key to the solution of all these pro-blems, therefore, may possibly be found from the more profound and detailed study of the Siberian species.

The Formation of Territorial Differences in the Economy of the South of Eastern Siberia in the First Half of the 18th Century

AbstractA regional survey of the principal economic activities and settlement patterns in the southern part of Eastern Siberia in the first half of the 18th century, based on the study of archival materials. Six regions are distinguished in a territory extending from Krasnoyarsk in the west to Nerchinsk in the east, with information on population and the relative significance of Russian agriculture, indigenous stockherding, hunting and fishing, mining, craft industries, and trade.

On the synchorological and floristic trends and discontinuities in regard to the Japan-Liukiu-Formosa area

The author discussed the floristic and vegetational differences (a) between Formosa and the Philippines, especially between Botel Tobago and Formosa, (b) between Formosa and Continental China, (c) between Japan proper and Continental China together with Corea, Mandschuria and the eastern part of Siberia, (d) between Formosa and Japan proper, and then he discussed (e) the flora of the Liukius, especially the differences between the Yaeyama Islands and Formosa as well as between Yaku Shima and the Amami Islands. In addition he briefly outlined the vegetation of Formosa and Japan, especially the altitudinal distribution of various forest-communities. The conclusions confirmed the floristic discontinuity between Formosa and the Philippines already set forth by E. D. Merrill and several other botanists. Concerning the phytogeographical position of Botel Tobago, the writer confirms the opinion of T. Kano and R. Kanehira that the flora of Botel Tobago is an extension of that of the Batan-Babuyan Islands, the northern border of the Philippines. The floristic close-relation between Japan proper and Continental China is evident from the phytogeographical distribution of the genera of higher plants found in Japan. Data show that the Formosan flora, especially of the highland, is more closely related to the south-western part of China, and also to the Himalayan region, than to the other surrounding regions. The writer considers that the relationship of the flora of Japan proper to that of Formosa is rather weak. He thinks, however, that their floras and vegetations are related to each other through their mutual relation to the lowland and lower montane flora of Continental China situated besides both of them. It is concluded that the flora of the Liukius is an extension of the Formosan flora, judging by the distribution of the genera and species. Looking over the Japan-Liukiu-Formosa area, a conspicuous floristic and synchorological discontinuity is recognized between Yaku Shima and the Amami Islands, and it is conceivable that the Yaku Shima flora is a south-western extension of the flora of Kyushu or Japan proper, as well as the vegetation of Yaku Shima is closely related essentially to that of Japan proper. The writer and his cooperators adopted a new name of Ardisieto-Shiietum Sieboldi to the Shiia forest of Yaku Shima. The writer is unable to make any synchorological or plant-sociological precise comparison between Japan and Continental China along with the eastern part of Siberia and moreover between Formosa and Continental China, because of few or no plant-sociological detailed data of the continental area in the Far Eastern Asia.