Eastern European Scholars Research Articles

Mapping Mobile Journalism in Academia: A Scoping Review

Abstract: Mobile journalism (MoJo) has become an increasingly relevant topic in the evolving landscape of media. This study investigates the interest and involvement of researchers from higher education institutions in Central and Eastern Europe in the field of Mobile Journalism. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the research analyzes the scientific output of these scholars over the past decade (2014–2024), focusing on the frequency of publications indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases related to MoJo. Additionally, a qualitative analysis was conducted on 28 identified articles to explore the main thematic areas addressed by these scholars, offering a comprehensive overview of key topics and trends in the academic literature surrounding MoJo. The findings corroborate the hypothesis that there is a notable lack of published research on mobile journalism by Central and Eastern European scholars, as no relevant articles were discovered from authors affiliated with universities in this region. The thematic categories identified highlight a tendency to focus on the impact of technology on journalism and changes within the industry, indicating significant gaps in other important areas that warrant further exploration. Keywords: mobile journalism, mojo, scoping review, Central Eastern Europe.

Eurowhiteness in Science: Privilege Escalation and Intentional Sludge

This article connects Böröcz's (2021) Eurowhiteness concept with a critical dissection of Western European academia's stance on ‘outsiders’, including Eastern Europeans and non‐Europeans. It explains how an exclusivist Western science is created, where, behind the seemingly open and diverse environment, we find monolithic privileges helping participants inside and blocking participation from the outside. The article claims that in the present Western European academic setting, there are two tendencies that seriously harm diversity and the free flow of ideas. First, Western scholarly communities boost their potential through structural advantage. In this environment, scientific excellence becomes a form of privilege. However, it does not necessarily mean proper excellence, but more an exclusionary system of greater financial assets, personal connections, and shared knowhow among the participants, as well as access to gatekeepers. Second, the article uses Cass R. Sunstein's theory on sludge in public management to explain how the European Union boosts this phenomenon with its inequitable ways of allocating research funding: this is how privilege escalation is created through a pseudo‐meritocratic system. Finally, the article explains how Eastern European scholars adhered to these requirements with a self‐colonizing attitude, which limits their long‐term capability to carry out original science.

Essential Characteristics of a Primary School Teacher as a Subject of Creative Pedagogical Activity

The article describes and analyzes three key aspects of the personality of a primary school teacher as a subject of creative pedagogical activity - Requirements for the personality of a modern primary school teacher, subjectivity of a primary school teacher in scientific discourse and activity components as a basis of professional subjectivity of a primary school teacher. The purpose of the article is to summarize the experience of Western and Eastern European scholars on the modern view of the components and activities of the subjectivity of the teacher of this profession in order to increase its didactic and educational effectiveness. It’s proved that the subjectivity of the primary school teacher is defined as a complex functional autonomy of the system, which is formed, developed, built and transformed by him in the process of life, acquisition of pedagogical education and experience of pedagogical activity. Such subject-oriented manifestations of the teacher's personality as activity (ability to conscious self-determination of creative pedagogical activity) are described; productivity (its complex ability, on the one hand, to transform the educational reality in the classroom into a humane educational environment and the student in the subject of creative learning, and on the other - to constant subjective, professional and professional self-development and self-improvement in teaching, improving the results of their activities and themselves as a subject of pedagogical activity.

Between Old Traditions and New Approaches: Locating Oral History and Memory Studies in East Central Europe

AbstractThe article explores how oral history and memory studies have been used in East Central Europe after the fall of the Iron Curtain. It focuses particularly on the question of whether Eastern European scholars only reproduce what was invented in the West, or whether they advance their original concepts and ideas. Both disciplines have been involved in reassessing the history of communism and the communist version of history itself and both contributed to revealing memoires obscured by the communist regime, even if the role of oral history may be considered as pivotal in this process. Although oral history had been practiced in the region at least since the 1970s, it was introduced as a new discipline according to the Western criteria after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Memory studies and their most successful concept, the “lieux de mémoire”, were implemented into to the region later and the promoters of the concept were predominantly Western scholars. Drawing on the uses of the term “historical consciousness” in Czech and Polish research, the article argues that various strategies associated with the “return to Europe” can be found in the region when promoting native traditions and equalizing them with the Western ones.

The Size of Author Teams in the Social Sciences

The last decades have seen an unprecedented rise in the size of author teams across all academic disciplines. In the social sciences, existing literature highlights that the number of authors varies greatly between research fields, geographical regions, job positions and experience. Yet we lack comprehensive understandings of the specific effects of these factors. By employing data from a large-scaled worldwide survey, we shed light on this conundrum. Our results show that psychologists as well as information technologists and operations researchers work on average in larger author teams while sociologists and political scientists work in smaller author teams. In addition, we find that Eastern European scholars work in smaller author teams and that postdocs tend to have more single-authored publications. Based on our results we call upon those in charge of search and tenure procedures to focus more on multi-authored publications while keeping the applicants’ different research field and geographical backgrounds in mind. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of academic conferences as they allow scholars to establish fruitful networks for future collaborations.

Why Writing in English Might Be Problematic for Eastern and Central European Scholars

Why Writing in English Might Be Problematic for Eastern and Central European Scholars

Myhailo Dragomanov and the beginning of the “Sbornik za narodni umotvorenia, nauka і knijnina”

The article considers the history of the foundation of the “Sbornik za narodni umotvorenia, nauka i knizhnina” (“Collection of Folk Art, Science and Literature”) in Bulgaria. The emphasis is put on the important role of eminent Ukrainian and European scientist Myhailo Dragomanov – professor in Sofia University, in the preparation of the first scientific publication. The authors highlights that his contribution was undeniable. Firstly, Ivan Shishmanov – one of the foundators of the Sbornik hoped that Dragomanov would constantly cooperate with the publication and with its help would be transformed into a periodical. Secondly, Ivan Franko remarked that the program of folklore, wrote by Dragomanov, gives him the honorary place of one of the founders of the Sbornik. Thirdly, Dragomanov published in the Sbornik her fundamental folklore works, over which he had been working for over 20 years. Fourthly, Dragomanov’s folklore works were an example and model of the comparative method for young Bulgarian scientists. Fifthly, Dragomanov contributed to the popularization of the Sbornik and of its dissemination among Western and Eastern European scholars.

Assessing the sociology of sport: On sport and the challenges of post-socialist countries

On the 50th anniversary of the ISSA and IRSS, one of the most important Eastern European scholars in the sociology of sport, Mojca Doupona Topič, reflects on the character of early engagement with the field by scholars in her region and the more recent challenges that scholars in post-socialist countries have in continued disciplinary dialogue. Doupona Topič notes the essential role that the IRSS played in publishing the work of Eastern bloc scholars in the formative years of the sociology of sport; here studies centred on the positive roles of sport in effective socialization and worker productivity with little focus on critical issues, such as violence, doping or other forms of deviance. More recent work has shifted from assessing the positive social roles of sport to understand sport’s role in national identities, its connection with globalization processes and in facilitating social change. A key challenge for scholars in post-socialist countries will be to recover from the economic crises of recent years so that they may re-engage with broader scholarly communities around the world and advance focus on how sport plays key roles, both positively and negatively, in national identity and development in newly independent countries.

Spatial construction of European family and household systems: a promising path or a blind alley? An Eastern European perspective

ABSTRACTThis essay represents an attempt at a re-examination of the Western scientific evidence for the existence of the divergent ‘Eastern European family pattern’. This evidence is challenged by almost entirely unknown contributions of Eastern European scholars, revealing the stark incompatibility of the two discourses. This paper is informed to a large extent by Richard Wall's voluminous research on European household and family systems. Wall's original observation of non-negligible spatial variation within the supposedly homogeneous North-Western European marriage and family pattern is used here as a starting point to show the true diversity of familial organisation in Eastern Europe, which had been placed at the other end of the spectrum of what was long believed to be a dichotomous division in European family systems. The diversity of family forms and the rhythms of their development in historical Eastern Europe presented in this literature should finally free us from a simplistic view of the continent's familial history, and especially from the perspective implied by the notion of a ‘dividing line’.

Karen Johnson Freeze, 22 October 1945–19 March 2009: A Tribute

Karen Johnson Freeze, 22 October 1945–19 March 2009 A Tribute Ruth Oldenziel (bio) and Johan Schot (bio) It was the American Karen Freeze (fig. 1) who wove the social fabric of our scholarly community in eastern, central, and southeastern Europe. Karen showed us that, despite received notions, this region has never been isolated from western Europe—even during the most divisive years of the cold war. She embodied the shared history of “eastern” and “western” Europe. Karen was the perfect person to help us include the eastern European experience—and scholars—in the Tensions of Europe Network. Her knowledge of eastern and western Europe came from both scholarship and experience. For extended periods, she lived and worked in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, and Russia. She was fluent in Czech and Danish, and well-versed in Russian and German. Karen’s Ph.D. dissertation was entitled “The Young Progressives: The Czech Student Movement, 1887–1897” (Columbia University, 1974). Later, she taught modern eastern and central European studies and European women’s history at Brandeis University and Harvard University. The Czech Republic became a second home for Karen. In 1983, she met Pavel and Radka Světlíkovi, a Czech pastor and his wife, who became, like many others, part of her extended family. After the Velvet Revolution, the three collaborated on many projects. Together, they founded the Czech branch of the international charitable environmental organization A Rocha. [End Page 435] Karen had spent her childhood exploring the wilderness of the Pacific Northwest; she was a devoted conservationist. For ten years she co-directed the annual English language summer camps in rural southern and northeastern Bohemia. And while her postdoctoral professional life took her in new directions, she always maintained her strongly felt Czech connections. Click for larger view View full resolution Portrait of Karen Freeze. In 1975 Karen began working at the Harvard-Danforth Center (now the Derek Bok Center) to help young undergraduate teachers improve their teaching skills. In 1980, she became a research associate for case development at the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, where she researched and wrote case studies on technology management. Her essay “From a Casewriter’s Notebook” was reprinted for use in training new case writers.1 In 1989 she became director of research for the Design Management Institute in Boston, where she wrote and supervised case studies and [End Page 436] articles on the role of design in product development in U.S. and European business.2 She continued to enjoy case-study work throughout her life, as it allowed her to delve into the lives and creative work of people whose vision and projects compelled her. Her extensive interviews and in-depth biographical research led her, for example, to the fascinating life of Peter Gold-mark, the inventor of—among other things—the long-playing record.3 Case-study work also satisfied her love of narrative, “thick description,” and detail. After leaving the Design Institute, she taught history and management at the Technical University of Liberec (1995–97), Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, Massachusetts (1997–98), the University of Washington (1998–2002), and Charles University in Prague (2005). In 2008, she completed a commissioned case study on Samsung Electronics’s design strategy.4 Our collaboration with Karen began in 2003. At that point, the Tensions of Europe Network was thriving, but lacked critical eastern European representation, despite past efforts to include the region. We were thrilled when Karen agreed to take on the role of coordinator for central, eastern, and southeastern Europe. It was Karen who brought eastern European scholars into the network and, in doing so, introduced a fresh scholarly perspective. Always tactful, she educated us about our western-centric views. She helped to expand our collective view of European history of technology scholarship. She did this by literally turning our attention to exploring the long-neglected regions of eastern, central, and southeastern Europe. Karen’s diplomatic skills were instrumental in her new position; she helped build the very international community of scholars with whom we work today. In 2004, the year of the ten-country expansion of the European Union, Karen helped grow the network as well...

Reinforcing the (neo-)Hobbesian representations of international law

The question of the foundations of the international legal order has long fuelled controversies. The mainstream international legal scholarship, dominated by liberal and constitutionalist discourses, has advocated an understanding of international law that rests on global values. This article examines the work of a few Eastern European scholars with a view to demonstrating that the mainstream liberal and constitutionalist value-based conceptions of the international legal order have not been uncontested. In doing so, this article draws on the resemblances between Eastern European and Asian legal scholarships in their attempts to question the hegemonic and imperialistic overtones of an ever-growing international law.

The European Journal of Ageing at the start of a new decade

The European Journal of Ageing at the start of a new decade

The Greek Expansion to the Black Sea

The study of the Greek presence on the shores of the Black Sea goes back to the 19th century, but serious, con tinuous research dates largely to the latter half of the 20th century. Most research, along the portion of the coast cor responding to the former Soviet zone of influence, has been conducted and published by eastern European scholars. Accordingly, a rich scholarly tradition about the subject has developed but mostly in languages not easily accessible to western scholars. This tradition parallels western scholar ship in that it emphasizes above all the study of the relevant ancient sources and the correlation of their historical narra tives with archaeological data, when and where available or relevant. In addition, just as in the west, catalogues of objects and the description of architectural features dominate ar chaeological reports and monographs. Until the early 1990s, little direct contact was possible between scholars of the two areas (Grammenos and Petropoulos [1221]), reflecting the political divisions of contemporary Europe. Eastern Euro pean scholars gained knowledge of the western tradition of classical studies mainly through the?often incomplete? collections of research institute libraries. Several congresses and symposia regularly took place in the Soviet Union and its allied states to which few western scholars had direct access.1 This situation dramatically changed following the collapse of the Warsaw Pact. Until recently, little extensive research has been conducted along the Turkish portion of the shore, so that knowledge of the subject there remains patchy, and its argumentation still depends to a great extent on the analysis of classical sources. Today, central and eastern European scholars publish regularly in western periodicals; twojournals, both published by Brill,2 cater in part to the study of the classical history and archaeology of the Black Sea. Monographs on Black Sea studies are also being made available in western languages by European publishers.3 Several congresses, both small4 and large,5 have gathered together considerable numbers of schol ars from both east and west, so that contacts and exchanges are now regular and substantial. In addition, several research projects on which scholars from Black Sea countries and the west collaborate are active in the Black Sea area.6 One recent collection of essays examines the chora of several Greek set tlements on the Black Sea coast with a view of encouraging comparative approaches to the problem.7 Despite this abundant recent activity, little work is available to western scholars unfamiliar with the languages of eastern Europe, apart from summaries published as reviews of field work or as chapters in thematic works.8 The book edited by Grammenos and Petropoulos aims to fill this gap by providing extensive coverage of a large number of the ancient Greek settlements on the shores of the Black Sea; it constitutes, as its title clearly indicates, the second installment of a wider project.9 Its coverage is not exhaustive, but this would not be possible. It contains 34 mostly lengthy articles covering a wide range of subjects: half deal with specific urban sites and/or their chora; the rest present regional themes: aspects of Greek culture in a Black Sea context, Greek influence on local cultures and the diffusion of Greek material in the Black Sea hinterland, and local cultures and sites. This book should be approached together with the 2003 publication;10 it adds considerable depth to the earlier collection of reports (which covers the major ancient Greek towns along the coast to the exclusion of almost everything else). In contrast, Hellenic Colo nization in Euxeinos Pontos by Petropoulos constitutes a study devoted to a narrow theme: the nature of the earliest Greek settlement on the northern shore of the Black Sea.

Dramatized Narration: The Development of Joyce's Narrative Technique from "Stephen Hero" to "Ulysses," (review)

Reviewed by: Dramatized Narration: The Development of Joyce's Narrative Technique from "Stephen Hero" to "Ulysses," Wolfgang Wicht (bio) Dramatised Narration: The Development of Joyce's Narrative Technique from "Stephen Hero" to "Ulysses," by Kalina Filipova. Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 2007. 233 pp. €10.00. Kalina Filipova died tragically in a car accident in 2006. She was one of the most promising Eastern European scholars representing the new academic interest in James Joyce in countries where the writer had been dismissed as a decadent modernist.1 She contributed impressively to Joyce summer schools and to journals. It is still difficult to believe that her first and only book-length study is also her legacy in two meanings of the word: the part of her that will remain and her literary bequest to the Joyce community. The title of Filipova's book is, in a subtle way, "double-voiced." It points to the "increasing dramatisation of the narration" (9) from Stephen Hero to A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses, which is the proper subject of her analytical project. It also indicates the theoretical premise she chose for her reading of Joyce: the theoretical conceptions of Mikhail Bakhtin. Filipova is not the first Joyce critic to exploit the notions of double-voiced discourse, heteroglossia, dialogism, and hybridization. She has her predecessors, among them R. B. Kershner and Katie Wales, who are mentioned briefly.2 Her avowed intention, however, is to start afresh the project of interpreting Joyce in the light of Bakhtin. Dramatization of the narration, which Filipova regards as dominating Joyce's style, is an elegant formula, which terminologically stands for "the shift of focus from the centrality of plot and the conventionally realistic depiction of setting and characters towards an internalisation of the mimetic impulse, a weakening of narrative authority and a self-reflexive emphasis on the craft of writing" (196). In other words, dramatization indicates the disruption of the narrator, which is a significant aspect of Joyce's modernist method. All the same, somewhat vaguely, Filipova continues to make frequent use of the term "narrator" in an unspecified way. As Filipova suggests, the technique of dramatization is a means of projecting the voice of a character (Stephen's in her case) onto [End Page 150] the "objective" stylization of the fictional text. It is implicit in what Bakhtin has termed "double-voiced discourse" and "character zones."3 According to Filipova, Bakhtin suggests that these zones are "the field of action for a character's voice, encroaching in one way or another upon the author's voice," which "surrounds the characters" (21).4 Filipova chooses "character zones" as the main operational concept of her study (9, 21), replacing Bakhtin's "author" with "narrator" but passing over this taxonomical change tacitly. The alteration of terms, however, cannot be dismissed so easily. Discussing "the hybridisation of the voices of narrator and character" (202) in A Portrait and the "Telemachiad" of Ulysses, she tends to ascribe dominance to the consciousness of Stephen; its verbal representation then diffuses into the impersonal, authorial discourse "doing the representing" (20). Analyzing the elements of style associated with Stephen's character zone, she suggests that alliterations, assonances, repetitions, parallelisms, word-play, internal rhythm, syntactic symmetries, the pairing of adjectives, and synaesthesia are defining moments of the "Stephenesque" that orchestrate the voices of what she calls the first- and third-person narrator, or what I would prefer to call the text formation by the enunciating writer.5 Very carefully, and wisely—and unlike Filipova—Wales notes that, in A Portrait, "such coloured narrative as far as Stephen is concerned [with regard to his character zone], makes it difficult to tell whether a shift of register or 'tone' is the narrator's voice or Stephen's likely idiom, especially when imagery is involved" (87). Moreover, all elements of the so-called "Stephenesque" constitute an integral stylistic quality of Ulysses as a whole. In other words, they are established by the writer, who controls the heteroglossia of both the "consciousness" of the text and the character. From this perspective, even Bakhtin's notion of "character zone" can be disputed. Within the boundaries of her...

Mihaela Robila (Ed.). FAMILIES IN EASTERN EUROPE: CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE IN FAMILY RESEARCH

Mihaela Robila (Ed.). FAMILIES IN EASTERN EUROPE: CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE IN FAMILY RESEARCH. Volume 5, Inc, 2004, pp.276, Price: 97,95 US$ (Hardcover).This anthology examines the impacts of the fall of communism on families in Eastern Europe. Within a few years a transition from central economic planning to privatization and marked-regulated economics had to be coped with. Although the effects of the economic and political changes on the individual lifestyles were dramatic, the research on families in Eastern Europe is still scarce. Mihaela Robila wants to fills this void in literature and presents a timely and comprehensive analysis of family issues. The book concentrates on the development since the beginning of the 1990s and compiles articles from fourteen Eastern European countries. Each of the article is mainly written by Eastern European scholars: Marina A. Adler (East Germany), Hana Maoilcova (Czech), Jarmila Filadelfiova (Slovakia), Anna Titkow and Danuta Duch (Poland), Mirjana Ule (Slovenia), Divna Lakinska-Popovska and Suzana Bornarova (Macedonia), Olga Toth (Hungary), Mihaela Robila (Romania), Raya Staykova (Bulgaria), Valentina Bodrug-Lungu (Moldavia), Tatiana Zhurzhenko (Ukraine), Irena Juozeliuniene and Loreta Kuzmickaite (Lithuania), Parsala Egilte (Latvia) as well as Valentina I. Uspenskaya and Dmitry Y. Borodin (Russia).The book proceeds as follows. The editorial introduction describes the powerful impact of communism on the societal level as well as on the family level. Furthermore, it focuses on the shared characteristics of the changing family demographics, family relations, childbearing practices and family policies in interrelation with the collapse of the socialistic system. After the first chapter - the editor's introduction - fourteen chapters, each comprising approximately fifteen pages, is devoted to every single country. All articles are organized in similar sections. The first part focuses on the socio historic and economic context of each country. Following, the change in family structures and family formation processes is shown with the help of aggregate data, i.e. the development of birth rates, marriage rates, age at first marriage or age at first birth are available. This part is particularly remarkable because it presents not only relatively easily available current statistics but also developments until the time of communism. This economic and political transformation process which families in Eastern Europe have to cope with is not only closely related to shifting family structures, but also to changes in family relations. …

East Slavic Visual Writing: The Inception of Tradition

The synthesis of verbal and message can be observed in many early literary works from various cultures. The earliest literary sources, with unconventional textual configuration, known as technopeignia,1 were created in Hellenistic period (between 325 B.C.E. and C.E. 200) by individuals such as Simmias of Rhodos and Theocritus. These were followed by a few Byzantine pattern poems, tabuloe iliacce by Rome-based Greek poet Theodoros (between 50 B.C.E. and C.E. 50), anonymous Greek and Latin samples from early Christian period, some shaped texts by two Latin poets Lavius (Ist century C.E.) and Optatian (fl. C.E. 325),2 and versus intexti invented by latter.3 The listing of Eastern Slavic texts traditionally begins with Baroque period. Ivan Velychkovskyi (seventeenth century) and Mytrofan Dovhalevskyi (eighteenth century) are usually referred to as poets who made most valuable contribution to development of Ukrainian poetry; while Russian court poet of Belarusian descent, educated in Ukraine, Samuil Petrovskii-Sitnianovich, known by his monastic name Simeon Polotskii (1629-1680), credited as author of Russian carmina figurata. Even though Ukrainian poetry was fully established within framework of Baroque period, and in Russia this poetic form originated in Baroque era, Eastern Slavic writing has a longer tradition than commonly believed. It difficult to establish exactly when Eastern Slavic writing originated. However, its introduction was unquestionably connected with conversion of Kievan Rus' to Christianity. Christianity, which came from Greek Byzantium,4 bringing with verbal culture of Constantinople.5 The Greek Orthodox Church introduced Byzantine education, literature and art to its newly converted neighbour, thus setting grounds for a new literary activity in Kievan Rus'. The works, which reached Eastern Slavs were exclusively religious texts, oriented towards establishing proper monastic habits than toward serious systematic theology or philosophical inquiry.6 They met Christian demands in Kievan land, and therefore served their purpose. No doubt, they were not finest part of Byzantium literary tradition. However, question of existence of Byzantine poetry (or literature in general) as a popular, or at least developed literary genre remains open. Visual poetry expert, Dick Higgins, who documented several Byzantine pieces of pattern poetry,7 doubts potential of Byzantine culture, which influenced Kievan literature, to develop poetry as a specific poetic form. In his opinion, formally conservative Byzantine literature is not notably visual and thus it not sort of milieu where one might expect to find much pattern poetry, although some pieces do exist.8 Nonetheless, Higgins suggests that pillage of Byzantine libraries in 1204 during Fourth Crusade, as well as collapse of Constantinople in 1453, might quite possibly have resulted in destruction of many manuscripts.9 The question of possible import of this intellectual product from Byzantium to Kievan Rus' more complex. Western and Eastern European scholars both share opinion that Byzantine literature was represented in diversity of genres and forms of both religious and secular writing. There little plausibility, however, that Byzantium could direct secular literature to newly converted lands. The literary works which continued the antique practice in most refined traditions of formalism and scholastic casuistry and which were created for Byzantine nobility had never been exported to Kievan Rus' which was perceived as a Byzantine cultural colony.10 The works, which were sent to Kievan Rus', either met most imperative needs of Christian religious leaders or else they could promote by their specific features and content Byzantine cultural hegemony over barbarians who had to be civilized. …

The war in Chechnya

recent in Chechnya, despite all the media coverage, remains a confusing tangle for many people. was the result of many conflicting political, economic, judicial, and military issues that had been fermenting for decades. Only the most fundamental goals became clearly visible: for Moscow, the preservation of its territorial integrity; for Chechens, the struggle for national independence. In this carefully researched and extensively documented study, Stasys Knezys and Romanas Sedlickas examine the Chechnyan from a military viewpoint. As they evenhandedly depict the strengths and weaknesses of both the Russians and Chechens, the authors consider how and why Russia, with one of the world's largest armies, failed to subdue the Chechens, and how the Chechens fought among themselves, yet also fought off the Russian Goliath. One reason the Chechens had the success they did was the expansion of the relationship of politics and war to the triangle of politics, war, and terrorism. Knezys and Sedlickas examine this question: Is military terrorism . . . a new tactical element, ensuring the success of a small country's resistance to a powerful army? The War in Chechnya does not answer all the questions raised by this war, but it presents comprehensive, objective, impartial information about the military strategy and nature and conduct of operations on both sides to allow the reader to begin to answer some of those questions. Military analysts and historians, political scientists, and Eastern European scholars will find The War in Chechnya an illuminating analysis of the military operations there and a valuable source of information for further studies.

Central and Eastern European Scholars in Turkey

Central and Eastern European Scholars in Turkey

Transition to capitalism?: the communist legacy in Eastern Europe

This work observes how the political ideologies, social values, and theoretical paradigms of Eastern European scholars and politicians changed throughout the period of transformation following the 1989 political revolutions in Eastern Europe. The authors try to reinterpret the institutions, movements, and ideologies that allegedly contributed to the erosion of the old regimes in Eastern Europe, asking whether these--alternative--legacies of communism support the transition to capitalism.

Developing Managers in the Former Soviet Union

Since the late 1980s dramatic changes have occurred in the republics of the former Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe. Because of the fall of communism and the breakdown of the command economy, enterprises in this region are facing unprecedented challenges in transforming themselves in order to make the transition to a market economy. Some of the challenges these enterprises are facing include: privatization, eliminating vertically integrated monopolies, removing the vestiges of central planning, deregulating prices, introducing currency convertibility, and establishing a financial infrastructure (Ivancevich, DeFrank, and Gregory, 1991). These changes have had a tremendous impact on the role of the enterprise manager. For Western efforts in developing managers in the former Soviet Union to be successful, their attitudes, behaviors, skills, and deficiencies must be understood (Ivancevich et al., 1991). Although management practices in command economies were studied by Eastern European scholars, Western management scholars and practitioners had little access to information about business practices in the Soviet Union. Recently, more information has become available concerning the effects of a command economy on managerial behavior. Following is a brief overview of what is currently known about management practices in a command economy.