Eastern Attica Research Articles

Lesson Study, Differentiated Instruction and Professional Development of Teachers: Exploring the Relationship in Secondary Schools in Greece

The main purpose of this paper is to present the results of research, that aimed to investigate the effect of lesson study as a professional development activity on the effective implementation of differentiated instruction and, above all, to identify which specific characteristics of lesson study as a professional development activity influence the plan, implementation, and understanding of the differentiation by the teachers, in the teaching of the Modern Greek Language course of the 2nd class of Lyceum. The research was qualitative and grounded theory data collection and analysis techniques were used, in the context of its implementation. The research was carried out in three schools in two municipalities of Eastern Attica, with the participation of four teachers and eighty students. Data were collected before, during, and after the lesson study cycle and included classroom observations, interviews of the participating teachers, protocols for planning, observing, revising, and reflecting on the research lesson as well as transcripts of teacher meetings and the teaching of the research lesson, diaries, which were kept during the implementation of the lesson study, students' assignments as well as their interviews after the teaching. The research showed that the lesson study cycle outcomes for each participating teacher were greatly influenced by the completion of all stages of a lesson study cycle, as there were no characteristics that alone accounted for these outcomes. Teachers' thoughts and opinions about the process support this finding. All participants referred to their positive experience of the lesson study process holistically, demonstrating that all stages of the lesson study cycle are important and interdependent.

THE EFFECT OF LESSON STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION: RESULTS OF RESEARCH ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN GREECE

The main purpose of this paper is to present the results of the research, which aimed to investigate the effect of lesson study on the way teachers plan, implement, and understand differentiated instruction in the context of teaching the Modern Greek language course of 2nd class of the Lyceum. The research was qualitative and in the context of its implementation, grounded theory data collection and analysis techniques were used. The research was carried out in three schools in two municipalities of Eastern Attica, with the participation of four teachers and eighty students in a lesson study cycle. Data were collected before, during and after the lesson study cycle and included classroom observations, interviews of participating teachers, protocols for planning, observing, revising and reflecting on the research lesson as well as transcripts of teacher meetings and the teaching of the research lesson, diaries, which were kept during the implementation of the lesson study, students' assignments as well as their interviews after the teaching. The results of the research showed that lesson study helped teachers to develop flexibility in planning their teaching, encouraged them to implement new differentiation strategies and techniques, and pushed them to manage differentiation actively and successfully implement it, addressing the needs of students and the challenges of teaching, influencing their existing beliefs and practices. In addition, from the research, it emerged that the teachers' goals for the lesson study were realized, as well as the teachers planned the learning goals of the research lesson and created activities for formative assessment.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0762/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Petrology and Provenance Study of Stone Artifacts from the Mesolithic Cave of Kouvaras in Attica: A Preliminary Report

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the lithology and raw material provenance of stone artifacts discovered in the prehistoric cave of Kouvaras in Eastern Attica, dating back to the 10th-9th millennia B.C. The study aims to determine whether these prehistoric artifacts were made on local or non-local raw materials. The research consists of two main components: a field study to detect the geological features of the region and collect raw material samples, and a laboratory investigation using XRD, SEM and p-XRF techniques to conduct a petrological analysis. The results suggest that relying solely on chert chemistry to effectively determine the sources of chert artifacts is not a reliable method. By combining several analytical methods and taking a holistic approach, researchers can gain valuable insights into prehistoric human interactions with the local geological environment and the use of available natural resources to make artifacts in prehistoric times.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Anxiety Due to Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Cross-Sectional Trial in Adolescents.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are linked to the development of anxiety in adolescence. According to recent studies, the COVID-19 pandemic represents a novel ACE that is associated with anxiety among adolescents. This study investigates the relationship between ACEs, COVID-19, and anxiety in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a community sample of 248 boys and girls ages 12 to 15 years (mean = 13.50 years) from five high schools in Eastern Attica. A total of four questionnaires were used: (1) Demographic Questionnaire, (2) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children-STAIC, (3) Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale, and (4) COVID-19 Impact Scale. The results demonstrated a moderate association between the total number of ACEs and anxiety (trait and state) in adolescence (trait anxiety: ρ = 0.37, p < 0.001; state anxiety: ρ = 0.29, p < 0.001). Girls scored significantly higher than boys on both trait anxiety (U = 4353, p < 0.001; mean difference = 5.5) and state anxiety (U = 5822.5, p = 0.014; mean difference = 2). The number of ACEs was found to be significantly related to the impact of COVID-19 (β = 0.025, p < 0.001). This study highlights the significant link between ACEs and increased anxiety in adolescents, which is further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings indicate that girls are more affected than boys. These results emphasize the need for targeted mental health interventions to enhance coping mechanisms, reduce stress, and address anxiety in adolescents, particularly during global crises like the pandemic. Developing such programs is essential for supporting the mental well-being of youth facing multiple stressors.

The Bays of East Attica Regional Survey 2020–2021: New Evidence for Settlement, Production, and Exchange in Porto Rafti, Greece, from Prehistory to Late Antiquity

This paper presents the work of the Bays of East Attica Regional Survey project in 2020 and 2021. The project focuses on documenting evidence of human occupation and land use around the bay of Porto Rafti in eastern Attica, Greece. Work in 2020 and 2021 built on the progress achieved in the 2019 pilot season, which established the presence of a Final Neolithic/Early Bronze Age obsidian processing centre on the Pounta peninsula, a sizeable Late Helladic IIIC settlement on the islet of Raftis, and some minor pre- and post-Ptolemaic activity on the Koroni peninsula, previously assessed as a single-period military camp. Fieldwork in 2021 documented a dense, multi-period surface scatter on the islet of Praso, including Final Neolithic/Early Bronze Age, Late Bronze Age, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Late Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman material. Remains of waste products from the manufacture of Late Helladic IIIC White Ware, Classical/Hellenistic tile, Late Roman tile, and metal indicate the frequentative presence of industrial activity. Additional study of material from the 2019 season in 2020 and 2021 provided new insights into the chronological and typological character of material from Pounta, Koroni, and Raftis. The survey data from the first two field seasons of the project contribute to an increasingly rich and detailed reconstruction of society and economy in Porto Rafti bay throughout antiquity.

Regional and interregional networks of ancient Eleon during the early 12th century BCE as seen from the petrographic and neutron activation analyses of pottery

AbstractIn this article, we present the results of application of petrographic and neutron activation analyses to a group of pottery fragments dating to the 12th century BCE deriving from ancient Eleon (Boeotia, Greece) as a means of investigating regional and interregional networks in which the site participated. Production centres in Boeotia and central Euboea provided, as could be expected, the majority of sampled pottery across various shapes. A number of more distant areas, however, such as eastern Attica, the Cyclades, Macedonia, and western Crete, are also documented in the present study, suggesting their products were available to local consumers at ancient Eleon. These results are discussed with reference to consumer preferences and exchange networks operating at that time. Finally, some of the identified petrographic and chemical groups can be securely identified at the macroscopic level, allowing us to arrive at conclusions pertinent to a substantial part of the entire pottery assemblage.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents during COVID-19

IntroductionAdverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are potential traumatic events that occur from birth to the end of adolescence (0-18 years), including various types of neglect, abuse and violence in a child’s domestic and community life. Experiencing Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) is associated with the onset of anxiety in adolescence. According to recent studies, pandemic COVID-19 is a novel ACE that has been found to increase anxiety in adolescents.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between ACEs and COVID-19 in the development of anxiety in adolescenceMethodsΑ cross-sectional study was designed in a community sample of 248 adolescent boys and girls, aged 12 to 15 years (Mean: 13.5 years), from five High Schools in Eastern Attica. Four Questionnaires were used: 1) Demographic Questionnaire, 2) State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory for Children - STAIC, 3) Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, and 4) Impact of COVID-19 Questionnaire.ResultsThe results demonstrated a strong correlation between the total number of ACEs and Anxiety (Trait and State) in adolescence (Trait Anxiety: rho=,37, p &lt;0.001, State Anxiety: rho=,29, p&lt;0.001).Girls scored significantly higher in Trait (U=4353, p &lt;0.001) and State Anxiety (U=5822.5, p = 0.014), presenting higher anxiety compared to boys. Finally, a significant relationship was observed between the number of ACEs and the impact of COVID-19 (β=0.025, p &lt;0.001).ConclusionsThe findings of the present study can be used to design and implement future effective, preventive and therapeutic programs for adolescents with anxiety symptoms, who have experienced the multitude of Adverse Childhood Experiences and the COVID-19 pandemic during their adolescence.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Approaching life (in)equality and social transformations in Eastern Attica from the Classical to the Roman era

Even though Classical Antiquity in Greece has been extensively studied in relation to its history and archaeology, bioarchaeological studies for this period are extremely few, focusing mostly on urban populations of major cities, such as Athens and Corinth. Little is known for the people in the periphery of the polis of Athens. Humans are physical mediators of the interaction of cultural and natural phenomena, thus, by combining osteoarchaeological evidence of life quality with mortuary data and historical information, valuable insights can be gained regarding the biological dimensions of socio-political transformations diachronically. The current paper examines health inequalities in what are considered to be rural populations coming from East and South-East Attica, who temporally span the Classical and Roman periods. Results suggest that the populations of Eastern Attica were afflicted by increased hardship diachronically. Physiological stress affected equally both sexes; similarly, no sex differentiation in manual labor was attested for the Classical period, but males were more mechanically stressed than females in the Roman era. Juveniles were less frail during earlier periods but adults were more mechanically stressed during the Classical period compared to Roman times.

Coping with natural disasters: Political leadership framing of the 2018 wildfires in Greece

AbstractThe present study examines the discourse of the then Greek Prime Minister, Alexis Tsipras, following the 2018 July wildfire disaster in the Eastern Attica suburbs including Mati to reveal the frames employed by the main protagonist utilizing existing framing models while also incorporating the notions of ethic of care and strategic ambiguity. The then government received extensive criticism by the media and political opponents in regard to the management and communication responses of the then Prime Minister. A content analysis was conducted to the statements made by the then Prime Minister. Findings indicate that Tsipras during the initial stages of the crisis acknowledged the extent of crisis while also emphasizing the successful crisis response efforts. Moreover, strategic ambiguity along with low levels of “caring” were important elements of Tsipras' narrative at the initial stage. As the public outrage and criticism intensified, Tsipras incorporated a more caring profile and presented the disaster as a “critical opportunity” by shifting the blame to previous governments and proposing policy changes.

Flood Hazard Assessment Mapping in Burned and Urban Areas

This study proposes a simple method to produce a flood hazard assessment map in burned and urban areas, where primary data are scarce. The study area is a municipal unit of Nea Makri, a coastal part of the eastern Attica peninsula (central Greece), which has been strongly urbanized and suffered damage from urban fires in 2018. Six factors were considered as the parameters most controlling runoff when it overdraws the drainage system’s capacity. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method and a geographical information system (GIS) were utilized to create the flood hazard assessment map. The outcome revealed that the areas with highest flood hazard are distributed in the eastern and southern parts of the study area, as a result of the combination of lowlands with gentle slopes, torrential behavior of the streams, streams covered by construction, increasing urbanization and burned areas. The uncertainty and the verification analyses demonstrate a robust behavior for the model predictions, as well as reliability and accuracy of the map. Comparing the existing urban fabric and road network to the potential flood hazard areas showed that 80% of the urban areas and 50% of the road network were situated within areas prone to flood. The method may be applied to land use planning projects, flood hazard mitigation and post-fire management.

The 2019 Bays of East Attica Regional Survey (BEARS) Project: New Archaeological Evidence for the History of Coastal Settlement, Economy, and Connectivity from Porto Rafti (Greece)

This paper presents the findings of the inaugural season of the Bays of East Attica Regional Survey project (BEARS). The project aims to clarify the history of human activity around the bay of Porto Rafti in eastern Attica. Surface finds from Raftis Island demonstrate that it was the location of a major Late Helladic IIIC site probably linked to the cemetery at Perati, as well as of limited Late Roman occupation. The Pounta peninsula yielded a large quantity of obsidian lithics, indicating significant activity during the Final Neolithic/Early Bronze Age, with lesser quantities of material dated to the Late Helladic IIIC and Roman/Byzantine periods. At Koroni, surface finds of Late Helladic IIIC and Archaic/Classical date indicate that activity at the site predates the third-century Ptolemaic military camp excavated by American archaeologists in 1960. Overall, these survey data provide a range of new evidence and insight into the history of the Porto Rafti area and its connections to other regions of the Aegean. Methodologically, the project’s work also demonstrates the value of conducting archaeological surface survey even in areas with extensive modern development.

Detection Of Fire-Prone Areas In Attica Region Integrating Urban And Transport Aspect

In Mediterranean climate areas, wildfires are one of the most critical problems bringing about several negative impacts (loss of human life, infrastructure damages, landscape transformation, natural environment deterioration, etc.). Fires pose great dangers not only for rural areas, but also for suburban or even urban areas. The aim of the research is to detect areas vulnerable to wildfire in Attica Region and then to examine the critical factors affecting the risk degree in macro and microscale. In the first step we examine the wider study area, which is close to vulnerable areas in a zone at least 1km wide. This examination includes the factor of vegetation along with other factors such as road network, aspect, slope etc, aiming to detect the exact area vulnerable to fire. The second step focuses on a vulnerable study area individually, for identifying and measuring the factors that affect the risk degree in microscale. The most notable factors are: a) population density, b) connectivity of the road network, c) geometric features of the streets, c) location of fire stations and police departments, d) existence of open spaces, e) parking conditions and f ) existence of vulnerable facilities. The wider study area (macroscale) is the Regional Unit of Eastern Attica and the main study area (microscale) is the settlement of Saronida. The findings indicate that several rural and peri-urban areas inEastern Atticaare vulnerable to wildfire. Particularly, crucial issues regarding microscale are the low roadway width values and the inadequate connectivity of the network structure.

Fire severity and soil erosion susceptibility mapping using multi-temporal Earth Observation data: The case of Mati fatal wildfire in Eastern Attica, Greece

In recent years, forest fires have increased in terms of frequency, extent and intensity, especially in Mediterranean countries. Climate characteristics and anthropogenic disturbances lead forest environments to display high vulnerability to wildfires, with their sustainability being threatened by the loss of vegetation, changes on soil properties, and increased soil loss rates. Moreover, wildfires are a great threat to property and human life, especially in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) areas. In light of the impacts and trends mentioned above, this study aims to assess the impact of the Mati, Attika wildfire on soil erosion. The event caused 102 fatalities, inducing severe consequences to the local infrastructure network; economy; and natural resources. As such, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was implemented (pre-; post-fire) at the Rafina, Attika watershed encompassing the Mati WUI. Fire severity was evaluated based on the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR). This index was developed utilizing innovative remotely sensed Earth Observation data (Sentinel-2). The high post-fire values indicate the fire's devastating effects on vegetation loss and soil erosion. A critical “update” was also made to the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) v. 2018, by introducing a new land use class namely “Urban Forest”, in order to distinguish the WUI configuration. Post-fire erosion rates are notably higher throughout the study area (4.53–5.98 t ha−1 y−1), and especially within the WUI zone (3.75–18.58 t ha−1 y−1), while newly developed and highly vulnerable cites now occupy the greater Mati area. Furthermore, archive satellite data (Landsat-5) revealed how the repeated (historical) wildfires have ultimately impacted vegetation recovery and erosional processes. To our knowledge this is the first time that RUSLE is used to simulate soil erosion at a WUI after a fire event, at least at a Mediterranean basin. The realistic results attest that the model can perform well at such diverse conditions, providing a solid basis for soil loss estimation and identification of high-risk erosion areas.

Meteorological Conditions Conducive to the Rapid Spread of the Deadly Wildfire in Eastern Attica, Greece

AbstractOn 23 July 2018, Attica, Greece, was impacted by a major wildfire that took place in a wildland–urban interface area and exhibited extreme fire behavior, characterized by a very high rate of spread. One-hundred civilian fatalities were registered, establishing this wildfire as the second-deadliest weather-related natural disaster in Greece, following the heat wave of July 1987. On the day of the deadly wildfire, a very strong westerly flow was blowing for more than 10 h over Attica. Wind gusts up to 30–34 m s−1occurred over the mountainous areas of Attica, with 20–25 m s−1in the city of Athens and surrounding suburban areas. This strong westerly flow interacted with the local topography and acted as downslope flow over the eastern part of Attica, with temperatures rising up to 39°C and relative humidity dropping to 19% prior to the onset of the wildfire. These weather elements are widely acknowledged as the major contributing factors to extreme fire behavior. WRF-SFIRE correctly predicted the spatiotemporal distribution of the fire spread and demonstrated its utility for fire spread warning purposes.

Tree uptake of excess nutrients and herbicides in a maize-olive tree cultivation system

ABSTRACTDue to the extent of non-point source agricultural pollution, protective measures to control agrochemicals from entering aquatic systems are necessary. Measures may include, among others, vegetated buffer strips (VFS), no spray buffer zones, alley crops and agroforestry systems (AFS). The scope of the present work is to examine the pollution abatement potential of a maize-olive (MO) AFS. The efficiency of a combined MO trees system in reducing nutrients and herbicides is tested through soil monitoring in an experimental plot, located in Koropi, Eastern Attica, Greece, in the period May 2015 to November 2015. The monitored pollutants were nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as two herbicides: pendimethalin and nicosulfuron. Soil samples were collected every 3–5 weeks at various soil horizons and distances from the tree row. Pollutant concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), ion chromatography (IC) and spectrophotometry techniques. The studied MO tree system exhibited the potential to reduce pollutant migration, with removals ranging 36.8–78.9% for , 79.3–100% for , 76.7–100% for , 79.4–100% for and 70–100% for the examined herbicides. The higher removal percentages were observed in the upper soil layers (5–35 cm, below the crops), and where the finer tree roots extend. Thus, the results indicate that planting of trees in cultivated fields can contribute to the reduction of agrochemical pollution of the subsurface soil and in extension of groundwater.

SEAWATER INTRUSION AND NITRATE POLLUTION IN COASTAL AQUIFER OF MARATHON BASIN

The overexploitation of groundwater and groundwater salinization cause quantitative and qualitative degradation of the water resources. The objectives of this research are to identify and investigate the extent of seawater intrusion and nitrate pollution into the coastal plain of Marathon in Eastern Attica, Greece. In the frame of this, 25 groundwater samples were collected in October 2014 from the study area and analyzed regarding the main parameters that indicated salinization of the aquifers. Specifically, water chemical analyses were carried out and statistical analyses regarding spatial distribution were performed. The results demonstrated increased values of the parameters which can be associated with seawater intrusion. Considering and evaluating the results from the chemical analyses it is obvious that seawater intrusion takes place in the area. Furthermore, the average concentration of NO3- was 44.16mg L-1 and this can be attributed to overexploitation of coastal aquifer for agricultural activities.

Late Holocene shorelines in east Attica (Greece)

A coastal and submarine geomorphological investigation took place in the coasts of eastern Attica, aiming to identify palaeoshorelines. Former sea-level positions were deduced from emerged and submerged tidal notches. Eight fossil shorelines were deduced in the study area; two emerged ones at about +24 ± 30 and +40 ± 30 cm, and six submerged ones at about −22 ± 30 (modern), −40 ± 30, −60 ± 30, −80 ± 30, −130 ± 30 and −460 ± 30 cm. It is worth mentioning that a rather different tectonic behavior may be distinguished between the south (AT1-AT5) and the north (AT10-AT28) part of the study area.

Hydrological modelling for flood forecasting: Calibrating the post-fire initial conditions

Summary Floods and forest fires are two of the most devastating natural hazards with severe socioeconomic, environmental as well as aesthetic impacts on the affected areas. Traditionally, these hazards are examined from different perspectives and are thus investigated through different, independent systems, overlooking the fact that they are tightly interrelated phenomena. In fact, the same flood event is more severe, i.e. associated with increased runoff discharge and peak flow and decreased time to peak, if it occurs over a burnt area than that occurring over a land not affected by fire. Mediterranean periurban areas, where forests covered with flammable vegetation coexist with agricultural land and urban zones, are typical areas particularly prone to the combined impact of floods and forest fires. Hence, the accurate assessment and effective management of post-fire flood risk becomes an issue of priority. The research presented in this paper aims to develop a robust methodological framework, using state of art tools and modern technologies to support the estimation of the change in time of five representative hydrological parameters for post-fire conditions. The proposed methodology considers both longer- and short-term initial conditions in order to assess the dynamic evolution of the selected parameters. The research focuses on typical Mediterranean periurban areas that are subjected to both hazards and concludes with a set of equations that associate post-fire and pre-fire conditions for five Fire Severity (FS) classes and three soil moisture states. The methodology has been tested for several flood events on the Rafina catchment, a periurban catchment in Eastern Attica (Greece). In order to validate the methodology, simulated hydrographs were produced and compared against available observed data. Results indicate a close convergence of observed and simulated flows. The proposed methodology is particularly flexible and thus easily adaptable to catchments with similar hydrometeorological and geomorphological features.

Using globally available soil moisture indicators for flood modelling in Mediterranean catchments

Abstract. Floods are one of the most dangerous natural hazards in Mediterranean regions. Flood forecasting tools and early warning systems can be very beneficial to reducing flood risk. Event-based rainfall–runoff models are frequently employed for operational flood forecasting purposes because of their simplicity and the reduced number of parameters involved with respect to continuous models. However, the advantages related to the reduced parameterization oppose to the need of a correct initialization of the model, especially in areas characterized by strong climate seasonality. In this case, the use of continuous models could be desirable but it is very problematic in poorly gauged areas where continuous rainfall and temperature data are not available. This paper introduces a Simplified Continuous Rainfall–Runoff model (SCRRM), which uses globally available soil moisture retrievals to identify the initial wetness condition of the catchment, and, only event rainfall data to simulate discharge hydrographs. The model calibration involves only three parameters. For soil moisture, besides in situ data, satellite products from the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth observation (AMSR-E) sensors were employed. Additionally, the ERA-Land reanalysis soil moisture product of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) was used. SCRRM was tested in the small catchment of the Rafina River, 109 km2, located in the eastern Attica region, Greece. Specifically, sixteen recorded rainfall–runoff events were simulated by considering the different indicators for the estimation of the initial soil moisture conditions from in situ, satellite and reanalysis data. By comparing the performance of the different soil moisture products, we conclude that: (i) all global indicators allow for a fairly good reproduction of the selected flood events, providing much better results than those obtained from setting constant initial conditions; (ii) the use of all the indicators yields similar results when compared with a standard continuous simulation approach that, however, is more data demanding; (iii) SCRRM is robust since it shows good performances in validation for a significant flood event that occurred on February 2013 (after calibrating the model for small to medium flood events). Due to the wide diffusion of globally available soil moisture retrievals and the limited number of parameters used, the proposed modelling approach is very suitable for runoff prediction in poorly gauged areas.

Laboratory and Clinical Characteristics of Human West Nile Virus Infections during 2011 Outbreak in Southern Greece

During the summer-autumn of 2011, a human outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) infection occurred in southern Greece, following the first outbreak during 2010 in northern Greece. An investigation was performed to analyze laboratory diagnosis, geographic distribution, and clinical features of WNV cases in southern Greece. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from all patients seeking laboratory diagnosis for suspected WNV infection were tested for the presence of specific WNV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies. Detection of WNV RNA in CSF and whole blood samples was accomplished by real-time PCR. During August-October of 2011, 31 confirmed or probable cases of WNV infection were identified. In 25 of them, individuals experienced severe neurological manifestations and were classified as WNV neuroinvasive disease cases. Risk factors such as advanced age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were identified in most cases with neurological complications. As many as 25 of the WNV cases occurred in the broader region of Athens; the majority of them (17 cases) were identified in municipalities of Eastern Attica, located almost 40 km from the metropolitan area of Athens and 500 km from Central Macedonia, where the 2010 WNV outbreak occurred. The spread of the virus in a newly affected area of the country suggests that WNV has been established in Greece and disease transmission will be continued in the future.