East Of Tehran Research Articles

Is the prevalence of risk factors, clinical presentations and severity of coronary artery diseases (CAD) in patients with very early and premature CAD are different from mature CAD patients?: A registry- based cross-sectional study

IntroductionThe present study aims to compare the risk factors, clinical presentation, and severity of coronary artery involvement in young compared to elderly CAD patients to assess the cardiovascular health status for better disease management and control of these specific patients. MethodsThis registry-based cross-sectional study was conducted using Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (CAAR) patients in east of Tehran, Iran. The data were extracted from 330 patients with confirmed CAD recorded by the CAAR during July 2021 to August 2023. ResultsThe majority of patients in MCAD (68.2%) and VECAD (80%) were male, while the majority of PCAD patients were female (51.8%). Among PCAD patients, the prevalence of diabetes (38.1%) was higher than in other groups. The presence of IHD history in the father (38.1%) and mother (26.3%) was higher in the VECAD group. The mean total cholesterol, LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio were higher in the VECAD group. Among MCAD group (75.4%) compared to PCAD (58.1%) and VECAD (47.2%) groups, the multi-vessel disease was more common.MCAD patients had the highest median Gensini score compared to PCAD and VECAD patients. Also, in male compared to female the mean Gensini score was higher by 8 units (ß = 8.26, 95%CI = 0.24, 16.28). ConclusionModifiable risk factors in young CAD patients are common. High LDL-C levels and smoking were the common modifiable CVD risk factors in young patients, indicating the significant role of these traditional risk factors in early atherosclerosis development alongside inheritable risk-factors such as positive family history that were more common in young CAD patients. While, the severity of coronary artery involvement in individuals with MCAD was higher, but the priority of involvement based on the type of vessel was almost the same in all CAD groups.

Determination and Classification of Qanat Water Quality Based on Groundwater Quality Indices in East of Tehran, Iran

Determination and Classification of Qanat Water Quality Based on Groundwater Quality Indices in East of Tehran, Iran

Designing a post-disaster humanitarian supply chain using machine learning and multi-criteria decision-making techniques

PurposeEvery day, small and big incidents happen all over the world, and given the human, financial and spiritual damage they cause, proper planning should be sought to deal with them so they can be appropriately managed in times of crisis. This study aims to examine humanitarian supply chain models.Design/methodology/approachA new model is developed to pursue the necessary relations in an optimal way that will minimize human, financial and moral losses. In this developed model, in order to optimize the problem and minimize the amount of human and financial losses, the following subjects have been applied: magnitude of the areas in which an accident may occur as obtained by multiple attribute decision-making methods, the distances between relief centers, the number of available rescuers, the number of rescuers required and the risk level of each patient which is determined using previous data and machine learning (ML) algorithms.FindingsFor this purpose, a case study in the east of Tehran has been conducted. According to the results obtained from the algorithms, problem modeling and case study, the accuracy of the proposed model is evaluated very well.Originality/valueObtaining each injured person's priority using ML techniques and each area's importance or risk level, besides developing a bi-objective mathematical model and using multiple attribute decision-making methods, make this study unique among very few studies that concern ML in the humanitarian supply chain. Moreover, the findings validate the results and the model's functionality very well.

The Effects of Sleep, Posterior Interference and Type of Exercise (Physical and Combine it With Observation of Action) on Consolidate Processing Consolidate Beginner Children's Motor Memory in Volleyball

Background and Aims Memory consolidation is a set of processes that converts memory from an unstable state to a stable one. Various factors affect the consolidation of memory, including sleep and the type of exercise have an effect on consolidation. Given that little research on consolidation has used a motor task for the age group of children, the aim of thise study was to investigate the effect of sleep, type of exercise (Physical and Combine it whit observation of action) and posterior interference on consolidation processing based on stability and promotion of motor memory. Methods This research was a semi-experimental study with an pretest- posttest design. The statistical population included girls aged 10 to 12 years who had registered in volleyball in clubs in east Tehran in 2018. The sample included 62 novice girls in volleyball who were selected by available sampling method according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The experiments were divided into combined observation and physical exercise groups. The tools used in this study were, Landgrafe and Abetz child health questionnaire (1996), owens children's sleep habits questionnaire (2000), Aahperd Volleyball Serving Test (1969). Data were analyzed using combined factor analysis of variance with repeated measures and Benfferroni post hoc test. Results The results of the analysis of variance-covariance with repeated measures showed that a night's sleep has a positive effect on stabilizing processing based on stability and promoting motor memory in children (F=15.40, P=0.001), but the type of exercise (F=0.18, P=0.67), (Physically or observational) and type of posterior interference (performing or observing the action) (F=0.48, P=0.489) have no significant effect on consolidation processing. Comparison of averages showed that physical practice is more stable and promotion motor memory than observation. Conclusion Coaches and educators are recommended in addition to physical exercise, children can use observational exercise to process memory consolidation

The Relationship between Parents' Islamic Lifestyle on the Moral Development and Psychological Well-Being of male Students in the East of Tehran

Background and Aim: In the field of education, one of the most important, influential and at the same time, most difficult topics is the moral and ethical development of children. Therefore, dealing with issues related to ethics and, as a result, moral development has a high status. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between parents' Islamic lifestyle and moral development and psychological well-being of male students in the east of Tehran. Methods: The present research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all male students in the eastern region of Tehran and their parents in 2022. The statistical sample included 250 people and was done by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The research tools included the Islamic lifestyle test (short form) by Kaviani (2013), the scale of moral development of children, adolescents and young people by Lotfabadi (2010) and the psychological well-being of Ryff (1989). Data were analysed by SPSS and with regression analysis and Pearson correlation methods. Results: The results of Pearson's correlation test and multivariate regression showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between the two variables of parents' Islamic lifestyle with the moral development and psychological well-being of their sons. between the Islamic lifestyle of parents and the components of their child's moral development; Environmental ethics, personal ethics, ethics in family relationships, social ethics and human ethics have not been observed significant correlation. However, there is a positive and meaningful connection and correlation between the Islamic lifestyle of parents and the superior morals of male children; This means that with the increase in the level and level of the Islamic lifestyle of the parents, the level and level of moral excellence in their sons increases and improves. Also, between the parents' Islamic lifestyle and their child's psychological well-being; Positive relationships with others, autonomy or independence, purposeful life and personal growth, no significant correlation was observed. However, there is a positive and significant correlation between the Islamic lifestyle of parents with self-acceptance and mastering the environment of male children. Conclusion: This means that with the increase in the level and level of Islamic lifestyle of parents, the level and level of two components of psychological well-being; Self-acceptance and mastery of the environment increases and improves in their male children.

The effectiveness of reality therapy on aggression, loneliness and emotional divorce in married women with internet addiction

Objective: The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy on aggression, loneliness and emotional divorce in married women dependent on cyberspace. Method: The research method was a quasi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population is all married women related to cyberspace who were referred to counseling centers in the east of Tehran in 2022. The sample was 36 people from the statistical population based on Morgan's table and selected by available online sampling method. They were replaced randomly in two groups of 18 people, experimental and control. In order to collect data, Young's Internet Addiction Scale, Buss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire (1992), UCLA Loneliness Questionnaire (1980) and Gottman's Emotional Divorce Scale were used. The experimental group subjects received 8 sessions of 120 minutes of reality therapy intervention with a time interval of one session per week for two months. The control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed with spss software and analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that reality therapy the variable of aggressiveness, feelings of loneliness and emotional divorce in the experimental group compared to the control group had a significant effect (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this research showed that reality therapy can be effective on aggression, loneliness and emotional divorce in married women dependent on virtual space.

The Relationship between Family Problem Solving Skills and Life Orientation with the Quality of Life and Happiness of the Head of the Family

Aim: The purpose of the present study was the relationship between family problem solving skills and life orientation with the quality of life and happiness of the head of the family under the welfare of East Tehran. Methods: The statistical population of this research includes all heads of families covered by welfare in East Tehran, whose number was 3500. The sample size was estimated to be 346 people based on the size of the statistical population and using the Krejcie and Morgan table, taking into account the dropout of subjects. Also, the statistical sample size was selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection tools include Ahmadi et al.'s Family Problem Solving Questionnaire (2003), Shier and Carver's Life Orientation (1985), World Health Organization's Quality of Life (1995) and Happiness Oxford (1990). The analysis of the collected data was done in two descriptive and inferential methods through SPSS21 software, in which inferential statistics were Pearson's correlation test and multivariate regression method, and in descriptive statistics, mean and the standard deviation was used. Results: The results showed that family problem solving skills and life orientation are able to predict the quality of life and happiness in the head of a family covered by the welfare of East Tehran. Conclusion: It can be concluded that family problem solving skills, a greater contribution in It predicts the quality of life and happiness in the head of the family.

Designing and Validation of Self-Assessment Tool of Professional Competency and Its Psychometrics in the Administrators of Preschool Educational Centers.

The role of preschool administrators in raising children is increasing day by day, so the purpose of this study was to detect the validity and reliability of the professional competency questionnaire and its psychometric assessment in preschool administrators. This descriptive study was conducted on 380 preschool administrators with a minimum age of 25 and a maximum of 65 year participated in 2018. The sampling method was stratified from four regions of north, south, west and east of Tehran, Iran. Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire was used for convergent validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to examine the internal consistency. Face validity, content validity and structural validity were also calculated. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire of professional competency of preschool administrators was appropriate in terms of face validity. Indicators related to content validity were appropriate in terms of relevance, transparency and necessity in this study. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.98. The correlation between the total score of the managers' professional competency test and self-esteem was equal to 0.08 with a significance level of 0.58. The professional competency questionnaire of preschool administrators had good validity and reliability to assess the level of professional competency of preschool administrators. Researchers can use this questionnaire to assess the professional competency of preschool administrators.

Long-term triggered seismicity on the Mosha fault by Damavand volcano, Iran: Implications on the seismic hazard of Tehran metropolis

The seismic history of the Mosha fault, the largest and most active fault of Eastern Tehran metropolis, and its relation to the Damavand active volcano, the highest mountain in the Middle East, is investigated. We deduce that the central Mosha, near the Damavand, has a higher seismicity than either its western or eastern segments. On 7 May 2020, an Mw 5.1 earthquake occurred on the central Mosha, about 40 km east of Tehran and 10 km southwest of the Damavand crest, and it was felt intensely in Tehran. Its rupture is imaged and located in a region that presented a relative seismic quiescence compared to its eastern and western parts, during the last 14 years, suggesting its partial locking and heterogeneous distribution of fault frictional strength on this segment of Mosha. Its significant directivity to the west is confirmed by the mainshock rupture model, its PGA distribution, and distribution of early aftershocks. The rupture model suggests a relatively small stress drop of 2.6 bar, which is consistent with the comparatively high rupture dimension of 9 km for a Mw 5.1 earthquake, and indicates the easy rupture expansion on the central Mosha near the Damavand Volcano. The central Mosha experienced earthquakes in 1930, 1955, and 1983, as well as high microseismic activity and the 2020 seismic sequence, all of which strongly point to a possible influence of the Damavand Volcano on the seismicity of the central Mosha. This is corroborated by the observation of hydrothermal zones on the Mosha fault and the extension of a sill-like Damavand young magma chamber until central Mosha in tomography studies. We propose that the existing heat may increase the pore pressure on the fault, which lowers the effective normal stress, facilitates the nucleation-expansion of the rupture, and unclamps the fault. Damavand could act as a fuse and nucleate earthquakes, and if the rupture extends toward the west, it could have a significant directivity effect on low-frequency seismic waves that reach Tehran without attenuation and affect tall structures. In addition, high site amplification for frequencies up to 16 Hz due to the deep sedimentary basin, mainly in the mid-city of Tehran, will be remarkable for short buildings.

Monitoring of dam reservoir storage with multiple satellite sensors and artificial intelligence

Iran is an arid and semi-arid country, for this reason, monitoring dam reservoir storage (DRS) is very important for water resources planning. In this research, Latyan DRS in East Tehran has been studied with 3 artificial intelligence methods of genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution (DE) and cat swarm optimization (CSO). Landsat, Sentinel-1 and 2 satellite sensors with different bands and indexes are used. DE has an accuracy of 98% in unsupervised classification. Latyan DRS has the lowest area with 1.1 ± 0.2 km3 (2022) and the highest area with 2.94 ± 0.2 km3 (2016). As DRS decreases, the difference between the 3 algorithms increases due to the complex topography of East Latyan Dam. DRS correlation evaluated with DE and in-situ is more than 0.9 and has high compatibility. From 2010 to 2014, when a single Landsat sensor was used, the three algorithms differed the most. Due to the unprecedented decrease in Latyan DRS, Tehran will most likely face severe water shortages in the upcoming years.

Musculoskeletal Evaluation of Preschool Children Referring to the School Screening Center

Background: One of the biggest global challenges of the 21st century is the increasing burden of non-communicable (chronic) diseases. Objectives: Considering the high prevalence of systemic and musculoskeletal diseases and the need for further epidemiological studies to provide health programs, we conducted this research. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 344 primary school children referred to the East Tehran Health Center and examined during a certain period of the autumn of 2019 were enrolled. Demographic information and history of systemic diseases were collected using a questionnaire. Height and weight measurements and feet and spine examinations were performed by the researcher. Results: In summary, 50.3% were girls, and 49.7% were boys. In terms of body mass index (BMI), 10.2% were underweight, 70.3% were normal, 10.8% were overweight, and 8.7% were obese. The highest prevalence of diseases was obesity (8.7%), followed by musculoskeletal diseases (8.1%), which included only the flatfoot. Conclusions: Screening programs are recommended from an early age to prevent diseases. To reduce the rate of musculoskeletal disorders and obesity in children, identifying and following them in the early stages of the disorders is recommended for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Modeling structural equations of coping strategies based on social and psychological capital by mediated spiritual intelligence in female-headed households

The purpose of this study was to model the structural equations of coping strategies based on social and psychological capital through the mediation of spiritual intelligence in female-headed households. The present study was a descriptive correlational study based on structural equations-September 2017, sampling was done from Shemiranat, Shahriyar and East of Tehran (from Tehran) as the next classification (quota). The sample size was considered as300people according to the number of research variable Blings and Mouse(CRI);Bolen Social Capital(SC-IQ);Lutans Psychological Assets (PCQ) King Spiritual Intelligence(SSI)Data were analyzed using SPSS and SMARTPLS-3 software to estimate the model parameters.The results showed that the model had a good fit and although the effects Direct and indirect predictors and mediators of property variables(coping strategy)were significant, but this relationship was not significant with all components of coping strategies.Conclusion: Direct relationship between social and psychological capital with significant coping strategies Buddoli relationship of psychological capital with No significant problem solving strategy was identified. In addition, although the indirect relationship between social capital, psychological and spiritual intelligence with coping strategies was significant, but with emotional components and attracting social support, this relationship was not shown to be significant. Keywords: structural model, social capital, capital Psychology, spiritual intelligence, female-headed households

Extraction and determination of organic/inorganic pollutants in the ambient air of two cities located in metropolis of Tehran.

In the present study, PM2.5, volatile organic compounds (VOC), heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-bonded PM2.5 as well as asbestos fibers were investigated in two cities in the east of Tehran, Iran. To this end, 72 samples were collected from six stations located in the cities of Varamin and Pakdasht from March 2018 to March 2019. The concentration of BTEX compounds, PAHs, and heavy metals were measured using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-Mas), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. In addition, phase contrast microscopy (PCM) method was used to identify the properties of asbestos fibers. The results obtained from the present showed that the mean concentrations of PM2.5, heavy metals, PAHs, BTEX, and asbestos fibers were 52.05µg/m3, 319.08ng/m3, 3.97ng/m3, 40.58µg/m3, and 2.84 f/L, respectively. In addition, the results obtained from PCA and heavy metals sources showed that transport fleets were the natural source of most of these pollutants. In case of PAH sources, transport and incineration of coal had the highest contribution in the emission. Furthermore, the risk assessment showed that most of the compounds have a higher risk value than the guideline value spatial distribution and also showed that stations close to airports, city terminals, and highways were more polluted than other parts of the city. Therefore, in order to have healthy air and with the least pollution, it seems necessary to formulate the necessary strategies in the cities of Varamin and Pakdasht.

The effectiveness of textual structural factors on students' reading comprehension in English language course

The purpose of this study was to study and compare the effectiveness of educational text variables on the reading comprehension in English language course of Islamic Azad University students. The sample group consisted of students studying in East Tehran Branch who were selected by random sampling. The participants were randomly assigned to experimental groups after random sampling. The instruments utilized were Texts and a Questionnaire for Comprehension. The texts included nine textual educational variables with similar content. An unrelated raw text was used to construct the text, and then the educational variables were used for each project according to the goals of the project. One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis. The findings of this study did not confirm the effectiveness of text type on students' reading comprehension. Keywords:Educational variables; reading comprehension; text; text organization; English language course; university students.

Investigation of environmental health indicators in swimming pools located in the east of Tehran, Iran

Investigation of environmental health indicators in swimming pools located in the east of Tehran, Iran

The effectiveness of educational structural factors and text design on students’ reading comprehension

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the effectiveness of educational variables in the scientific text on the reading comprehension of Islamic Azad University students. The sample group consisted of students studying in the East Tehran branch, 360 of whom were selected by random sampling. To make the text, a raw text unfamiliar and unrelated to the subjects of the students was used, and then, according to the objectives of the project, educational variables were used for each project. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study did not confirm the effectiveness of text type on students' reading comprehension. The result was not in line with previous findings and research. The study recommends that people dealing with psychology and education should have a clear understanding of the learning process
 Keywords: Text, educational variable, reading comprehension, text organization, university students

The effectiveness of preventive-behavioural therapy and cognitive anxiety group and student’s attention .

This study was performed with the purpose of determining the effectiveness of preventive- behavioural therapy and cognitive anxiety group and student’s attention. The population and sample of the study were 35 students of Azad University, East Tehran, which were selected randomly. The data collection method was the researcher-made field method. The research tools were the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the video test. Through SPSS 23 software and using the Pearson correlation method, it was concluded that there was a direct relationship between therapy and training. Research tools were observed in the BAI. Based on the results of pre-test tests, none of the SBT and REDT methods led to a significant relationship between the level of anxiety and the attention of the respondents. The paper recommends that more comprehensive measurement tools are used in future research of a larger sample size. Keywords: Attention; Cognitive Behaviour; Effectiveness; Group Therapy; Students.

Investigating the relationship between social networks and social health of students

Social networks are new media and many people, especially students, are unfamiliar with various effects of these networks on their lives; hence, it seems necessary to conduct more research on their effects on students’ lives and health conditions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social networks and social health of a group of students. The study used a descriptive-correlational approach. The study population consisted of all the students at Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch, Iran, among whom 200 individuals were enrolled using simple random sampling method. Young’s Internet Addiction Test and Keyes’ Social Health Questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data was analyzed using one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation test, and regression analysis. Based on the findings, there was a significant relationship between the students’ social networking activities and their social health. Keywords: Social health; social networks; new media

Presenting A Multi-objective Location Model in GIS Environment: A Case Study in East Tehran Emergency Stations

Background: This study aims to design a multi-objective model for locating emergency relief bases with maximum coverage and minimum costs. As a result, this model is expected to reduce mortality by increasing the efficiency of relief services. Materials and Methods: Based on the ambulance distribution in the east of Tehran City, Iran, and the statistical information on demand (at least 30 samples for data normalization) in the last six months of 2018, we introduced and implemented a definitive mathematical model. We also evaluated the model with GAMS software. Using previous studies and interviews, we identified key and practical indicators of site locations. These indicators are being easy to access, locating in high-demand areas, such as an urban area, and not being too close to another relief base. These factors were then prioritized using the hierarchical method, and the output indicates the high weight of the factor of “being in a place with high demand”. The objective functions are to maximize coverage, minimize costs, and provide equity in relief time. To deal with the uncertainty of the parameters, we used the robust optimization approach. To initially select potential proposed sites to establish the database, we used Geographic Information System (GIS). To test the above mathematical model in the real world, we conducted a case study in East Tehran. Results: Based on the designed model, the initial points proposed by GIS were identified. Finally, it was found that the number of stations in East Tehran must increase from 27 to 34 bases. Conclusion: By implementing this model, the emergency medical service can provide the highest level of coverage. Also, the maximum relief time at stations will be reduced to 8 minutes.

Spatial Analysis of Geographic Distribution and Accessibility of Suspected Acute Stroke Patients Transferred to Acute Stroke Centers by Emergency Medical Services in Tehran, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: We intended to map the geographical distribution of patients with acute stroke who called the Tehran EMS center based on the geographic information of the incident location on a map. The distributions of these centers and patients’ access within a standard period were evaluated. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on the registered data was conducted on suspected acute stroke patients > 18 years of age that were transferred by EMS. The analysis was performed based on pointing the patients’ locations and locating the hospitals in ArcGIS software plus a review of the polygons and focal points. Results: Totally, 1,606 patients suspected to stroke with a mean age of 64.89 ± 17.48 years were evaluated, of whom 947 (58.6%) were male. The mean time of arrival of an ambulance in the patient’s location from the EMS station was 11.94 ± 6.67 minutes, and the longest time was 69.32 minutes. The mean time from the patient’s location to the stroke center was 17.79 ± 11.42 minutes (range 2.4 - 83.70 minutes). Stroke centers in Tehran are not distributed in a balanced manner, and they are concentrated on the central and northern parts of Tehran, limiting access to hospital services. Conclusions: The multiplicity of hospitals in the west and center of Tehran led to an increase in access times in eastern Tehran. It emphasizes the necessity of revision of service locating, especially because the east of Tehran has a denser texture than the west.