Component Of Earth's Magnetic Field Research Articles

Anomaly in the earth magnetic field at north provinces of Najaf city

This paper investigated in the numerical simulation model to calculate the Earth magnetic field components at north provinces of Najaf city (Longitude 44.316 o -44.3592o E and Latitude 32.0508o - 32.0256o N). The components of the Earth magnetic field (total intensity (F), horizontal intensity (H), declination (D), inclination (I), the north component(X), the east component(Y), and Down component(Z)) were found by using spherical harmonic world magnetic model (WMM2010). A great deal of anomaly has been discovered in all components of the Earth magnetic field at the selected region (Long. 44.345o-44.335o E, Lat.32.042o-32.032o N) using Kriging method. This anomaly can be attributed either to oil rich region or cracking in the Earth crust.

IONOSPHERIC EFFECT OF NON-STORM HILDCAA (HIGH INTENSITY LONG DURATION CONTINUOUS AURORAL ACTIVITY)

The magnetosphere of the Earth is temporarily changed by geomagnetic disturbances. Geomagnetic disturbances are caused by solar wind, shock wave or clouds of solar magnetic field. During their interactions energy is transferred into the magnetosphere. Apart from this, solar wind pressure also compresses the magnetosphere. Both kinds of interactions cause an increase in plasma movement through the magnetosphere and ionosphere. The geomagnetic disturbances may sustain for a few minutes to many hours depending upon the intensity of energy and particles released from the Sun. The geomagnetic disturbances are measured by geomagnetic indices for short periods of time. In this work, we discuss the impact of peculiar type of geomagnetic disturbances known as high intensity long duration continuous auroral activity on the Earth’s ionosphere. This analysis leads to understand the impact on communication system due to coupling between solar terrestrial environments. It will also broaden the various aspects on how ionospheric critical frequency (foF2), F2 layer peak density height (hmF2), high frequency (hF) and horizontal component of earth magnetic field can be lifted from lower to higher altitudes.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, page: 34-40

Large photocathode 20-inch PMT testing methods for the JUNO experiment

The 20 kt Liquid Scintillator (LS) JUNO detector is being constructed by the International Collaboration in China, with the primary goal of addressing the question of neutrino mass ordering (hierarchy). The main challenge for JUNO is to achieve a record energy resolution, ∼ 3% at 1 MeV of energy released in the LS, which is required to perform the neutrino mass hierarchy determination. About 20 000 large 20′′ PMTs with high Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) and good photocathode uniformity will ensure an approximately 80% surface coverage of the JUNO detector. The JUNO collaboration is preparing equipment for the mass tests of all PMTs using 4 dedicated containers. Each container consists of 36 drawers. Each drawer will test a single PMT. This approach allows us to test 144 PMTs in parallel. The primary measurement in the container will be the PMT response to illumination of its photocathode by a low-intensity uniform light. Each of the 20000 PMTs will undergo the container test. Additionally, a dedicated scanning system was constructed for sampled tests of PMTs that allows us to study the variation of the PDE over the entire PMT photocathode surface. A sophisticated laboratory for PMT testing was recently built. It includes a dark room where the scanning station is housed. The core of the scanning station is a rotating frame with 7 LED sources of calibrated short light flashes that are placed along the photocathode surface covering zenith angles from the top of a PMT to its equator. It allows for the testing of individual PMTs in all relevant aspects by scanning the photocathode and identifying any potential problems. The collection efficiency of a large PMT is known to be very sensitive to the Earth Magnetic Field (EMF), therefore, understanding the necessary level of EMF suppression is crucial for the JUNO Experiment. A dark room with Helmholtz coils compensating the EMF components is available for these tests at a JUNO facility. The Hamamatsu R12860 20′′ PMT is a candidate for the JUNO experiment. In this article the container design and mass-testing method, the scanning setup and scanning method are briefly described and preliminary results for performance test of this PMT are reported.

DI-flux measurement of the geomagnetic field using a three-axial fluxgate sensor

In geomagnetic observatories DI-flux measurements are the commonly used instruments for absolutely determining the Earth's magnetic field components. Introduced in the late 1980s, these instruments traditionally consist of a non-magnetic theodolite equipped with a single-axis fluxgate sensor. Angles of magnetic field declination and inclination are taken in positions where the fluxgate signal is zero. Nowadays, three-component fluxgate sensors are available small enough to fit on the telescope of a theodolite and able to measure the full range of the Earth's magnetic field with adequate linearity. By replacing the single-axis fluxgate sensor by a three-axial system, additional magnetic information can be used to improve the absolute measurement significantly without changing the standard procedure. The rotation of the fluxgate sensor allows us to calibrate and align the fluxgate sensor completely. Therefore, each of the angle readings provides the complete field vector in the geographic reference system which leads us to a welcome high number of single absolute measurements. This can be used to simplify the measurement procedure, to eliminate systematic effects or to suppress the random measurement error.

Analysis of geomagnetic storm variations and count-rate of cosmic ray muons recorded at the Brazilian southern space observatory

An analysis of geomagnetic storm variations and the count rate of cosmic ray muons recorded at the Brazilian Southern Space Observatory -OES/CRS/INPE-MCT, in São Martinho da Serra, RS during the month of November 2004, is presented in this paper. The geomagnetic measurements are done by a three component low noise fluxgate magnetometer and the count rates of cosmic ray muons are recorded by a Muon Scintilator Telescope - MST, both instruments installed at the Observatory. The fluxgate magnetometer measures variations in the three orthogonal components of Earth magnetic field, H (North-South), D (East-West) and Z (Vertical), with data sampling rate of 0.5 Hz. The Muon Scintilator Telescope records hourly count rates. The arrival of a solar disturbance can be identified by observing the decrease in the muon count rate. The goal of this work is to describe the physical morphology and phenomenology observed during the geomagnetic storm of November 2004, using the H component of the geomagnetic field and vertical channel V of the multi-directional muon detector in South of Brazil.

Latitude, longitude, g and Earth's Magnetic field components for your classroom:

Latitude, longitude, g and Earth's Magnetic field components for your classroom: