Earth's Gravitational Acceleration Research Articles

Penentuan Percepatan Gravitasi Bumi Menggunakan Bandul Sederhana Di Daerah Kampus UPI

Many people assume that the value of gravitational acceleration always has a fixed value. However, if we look closely, the value of gravitational acceleration always changes in each place. This research aims to compare differences in Earth's gravitational acceleration in various locations. Through this research, researchers can identify the causes of differences in gravity, one of which is differences in height. The method used in this research is a simple pendulum experimental method, with a quantitative approach to collecting data from various places. The results obtained for g in the JICA building on the 5th floor were 9,47 m/s², g in the FIP building on the 10th floor was 9,72 m/s², g in the FPTK 9,59 m/s², and g at the National Museum of Education is 9,72 m/s². Apart from that, it can be found the average magnitude of the gravitational acceleration from these four places is 9,62 m/s². From these results it can be concluded that the magnitude of the Earth’s gravitational acceleration is different in each place. Apart from height, this difference can also occur due to uncertainty in measuring gravity.

Clothesline Model for Total Eclipses: Shielding Like Effect of Gravity

Clothesline Model (CM) has been built. This model tries to explain the strange pattern of variations in the acceleration of Earth's gravity when a total solar eclipse or total lunar eclipse occurs. This model is built on the principle of a usual clothesline. In the CM, the concept of clothesline curvature is introduced due to an object that is hung on it and the ability of the object to reduce or affect the clothesline curvature of other objects that are also hung on the clothesline. In natural phenomena, the curvature of the clothesline in an object is interpreted as the curvature of spacetime which is a manifestation of the acceleration of gravity on the object. The influence or disturbance of an object on the clothesline curvature of another object is interpreted as the gravitational attraction of that object to another object. Based on the results of the CM analysis, the variation pattern of the earth's gravitational acceleration during a total solar eclipse is influenced by the damping factor by the moon against the disturbances from the sun and the earth. Meanwhile, the pattern of variations in the acceleration of Earth's gravity during a total lunar eclipse is influenced by the damping factor by the earth itself against disturbances from the sun and moon. From this damping effect, the moon and the earth act as gravitational shields

Fundamental Physics Practicum e-module to determine the value of the Earth's gravitational acceleration based on recorded experiments

The research aims to improve the effectiveness of fundamental physics practicum to determine the value of the Earth's gravitational acceleration, whether carried out online or offline. This type of research is development research. The research was conducted using the 4D method: define, design, development, and disseminate. The product developed as a module contains a guidebook into an electronic module by integrating a practicum video (recorded experiment) that contains how to use the tools and practicum work steps. Data collection techniques are carried out by interviews and questionnaires. Questionnaires are given to a material, language and media experts to find out the validity of the e-module. Questionnaires are also given to lecturers who teach fundamental physics courses and students participating in introductory physics courses to find out the feasibility of e-modules. From the study, the average score of material, language and media experts was 89.08%, stating that the e-module was very valid. At the same time, the average score for the feasibility test is 89.38% which states that the e-module is very feasible. Thus, the development of a fundamental physics practicum e-module can increase the effectiveness of the fundamental physics practicum in determining the value of the Earth's gravitational acceleration.

Photoactive chlorpromazine and promazine drugs exposed to hypergravity conditions after interaction with UV laser radiation

Long-term space missions must be prepared to provide means to treat astronauts' illnesses that could occur at take-off, during flights or arriving on other planets. This could be achieved using multipurpose medicines. Phenothiazine derivatives, normally used to treat mental and emotional disorders, are photosensitive drugs and in solutions undergo molecular modifications by exposure to UV laser radiation, which leads to transformation of a parent-compound into photoproducts with increased antimicrobial activity when compared to unirradiated solutions. Since space missions involve, even if only for short durations, hypergravity environment transitions, their effects on unirradiated and laser irradiated chlorpromazine and promazine aqueous solutions were studied in this paper. The experiment was performed at the European Space Agency's Large Diameter Centrifuge, subjecting solutions at 20 times Earth's gravitational acceleration. Since, generally, little is known about medicines exposed to high-g levels, this research brings an insight into the impact of hypergravity on phenothiazines. To evaluate drug stability, samples were assessed pre- and post-hypergravity treatment by pH measurements, UV-Vis-NIR/FTIR spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography. No significant changes between uncentrifuged and centrifuged samples were evidenced subsequent to hypergravity exposure, emphasising the stability of unirradiated and laser irradiated phenothiazines, which may allow their use during future space missions.

Experimental Analysis of Determination of Earth's Gravitational Acceleration using The Concept of Free-Fall Motion and Conservation of Mechanical Energy

ABSTRACT
 Measurements of gravitational acceleration in this study use the concepts of free-fall motion and mechanical energy conservation. The purpose of this study is to compare the values of gravitational acceleration obtained from the two experiments and determine the factors causing deviations from the measurements of the gravitational acceleration value from free-fall motion experiments and the law of mechanical energy conservation. The research method used was a descriptive analysis of primary data in the Applied Physics Laboratory of Politeknik Negeri Bandung. The data was collected using free-fall motion equipment and the law of mechanical energy conservation. Height is the independent variable, and time is the dependent variable. The data were processed using a computer-aided device, and it is obtained the g value with the concept of free-fall and mechanical energy conservation by 9.54 m/s2 and 10.1 m/s2. The deviation of g value in the free-fall motion is because of the presence of magnetic remanence that holds the ball from falling immediately when the time calculator was operated. The t result, which is too large, causes the value of g too small. The result of g deviation in the mechanical energy conservation is caused by determining the location of the light source when the ball is in a stable condition. Meanwhile, in the real measurement, the ball moves as it passes through the light sensor, which results in a large tension force so that the sensor position becomes higher. This results ∆t becomes smaller than the real one so that v becomes too large, and as a consequence, the value of g becomes too large.
 
 RESUMEN
 Las mediciones de la aceleración gravitacional en este estudio utilizan los conceptos de movimiento de caída libre y conservación de la energía mecánica. El propósito de este estudio es comparar los valores de la aceleración gravitacional obtenidos en los dos experimentos y determinar los factores que causan las desviaciones de las mediciones del valor de la aceleración gravitacional de los experimentos de movimiento de caída libre y la ley de conservación de la energía mecánica. El método de investigación utilizado fue un análisis descriptivo de datos primarios en el Laboratorio de Física Aplicada del Politeknik Negeri Bandung. Los datos se recogieron utilizando el equipo de movimiento de caída libre y la ley de conservación de la energía mecánica. La altura es la variable independiente y el tiempo es la variable dependiente. Los datos se procesaron utilizando un dispositivo asistido por ordenador, y se obtiene el valor de g con el concepto de caída libre y conservación de la energía mecánica por 9,54 m/s2 y 10,1 m/s2. La desviación del valor de g en el movimiento de caída libre se debe a la presencia de remanencia magnética que impide que la bola caiga inmediatamente cuando se acciona la calculadora de tiempo. El resultado de t, que es demasiado grande, hace que el valor de g sea demasiado pequeño. El resultado de la desviación de g en la conservación de la energía mecánica es causado por la determinación de la ubicación de la fuente de luz cuando la bola está en una condición estable. Mientras tanto, en la medición real, la bola se mueve al pasar por el sensor de luz, lo que resulta en una gran fuerza de tensión para que la posición del sensor sea mayor. Esto resulta en que ∆t se hace más pequeño que el real de modo que v se hace demasiado grande, y como consecuencia, el valor de g se hace demasiado grande.

Low Intensity Vibration Treatment Reduces Myeloma Cell-Induced Osteoclast Formation By Inhibiting IL-6 and GFI-1 Production By MM Cells

Multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease is characterized by increased osteoclast-mediated resorption of bone adjacent to tumor growth. Fusion and activation of osteoclasts (OC), indicated by elevated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) production, are induced by a myriad of inflammatory factors; e.g. TGF-β, growth factor independent 1 transcription factor (GFI-1), RANKL, and IL-6 that are produced by myeloma cells and cells in the marrow microenvironment. Current therapies reduce tumor burden and block osteoclast formation and activity, thereby decreasing bone destruction. However, MM bones rarely heal. While the anabolic effects of exercise on healthy bone are well-documented, patients with compromised skeletal tissue, such as in MM, may not be able to participate in regimented exercise for fear of developing a fracture. Low intensity vibrations (LIV) that deliver subtle mechanical signals, on the order of those induced by fast-twitch muscle fibers on bone, can enhance mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards osteoblasts. LIV also significantly preserves trabecular bone while reducing tumor burden in femora of mice harboring U266 MM cells. We hypothesize that LIV is both anti-resorptive and anabolic, through differential effects on MM cells and bone cells. To test this hypothesis, we used a vertically oscillating, vibratory platform that delivered mechanical signals (<1 x Earth's gravitational acceleration; where 1g=9.8m/s2) to culture plates.5TGM1 murine MM cells (5x105 cells/well) were cultured in RPMI with 10% FCS and subjected to LIV or Sham-LIV. Each 6-well plate received either LIV (frequency=90Hertz, acceleration=0.3g) or Sham-LIV (SH; unpowered, static platform) twice per day for 20min per treatment for 48hrs. MM cell lysates were then collected using RIPA buffer. IL-6, GFI-1, and RANKL levels were determined via Western Blot using specific monoclonal antibodies. GAPDH was used as the loading control. Conditioned media (CM) were isolated from SH- and LIV-treated MM cultures. Purified primary murine OC precursors (non-adherent marrow mononuclear cells) were expanded with 10ng/mL of MCSF for 3 days and then these cells were isolated by trypsinization and replated in 12-well plates at a density of 5x105 cells/well in α-MEM, 10% FCS, and 30% v/v CM. All cultures were then incubated for 36hrs. OC number and morphology were confirmed via TRAP staining (counterstained with hematoxylin) of the cultures. TRAP+ OC's containing at least three nuclei were quantified in the cultures by microscopy.Expression levels of IL-6 and GFI-1 were 53% (p<0.01) and 50% (p<0.02) lower, respectively, in lysates from LIV-exposed 5TGM1 cells as compared to those that were SH-treated. Expression of RANKL was not significantly different between these groups. TRAP+ OC's were 61% (p<0.005) lower in LIV-treated cultures compared with SH cultures. The morphology of OC's exposed to LIV-conditioned media from MM cultures was distinct from control cultures, with fewer filopodia than OC's in cultures treated with SH-conditioned media. Based on these data we then examined the direct effect of LIV-treatment on committed OC-precursors treated with RANKL (50ng/mL) to induce formation of mature OC's. After 48hrs of LIV-treatment, committed OC-precursors had 36% (p<0.0001) fewer nuclei per OC than in SH-treated cultures. The cultures of committed OC-precursors directly treated with LIV had fewer filopodia in comparison to SH-treated cultures upon examination of OC morphology.These findings suggest that mechanical signals in the form of LIV may influence the secretion of IL-6 and GFI-1 by myeloma cells, which, in turn, can decrease the capacity of MM cells to induce OC formation. The morphology of OC's and expression of TRAP by OC's exposed to LIV further suggest a distinct mechanosensitive effect on osteoclast formation and fusion that may impact their bone resorbing capacity. Thus, LIV has a significant effect on the capacity of MM cells to secrete inflammatory cytokines as well as directly affect OC formation. These results further suggest that low intensity vibrations may be a useful, non-invasive approach for treating myeloma bone disease. DisclosuresRoodman:Amgen Denosumab Trial: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

The Atwood machine experiment assisted by smartphone acceleration sensor for enhancing classical mechanics experiments

Newton’s second law can be demonstrated by classical mechanical experiments, one of which is using the Atwood machine. Atwood machines consist of two weights suspended by a rope and connected by a pulley. In this study, an Atwood machine experiment was carried out, where the smartphone was placed on one of the loads, so that the vertical acceleration of the motion system could be measured easily using an acceleration sensor. We also consider the effect of pulley rotation which is usually missed from previous studies. By deriving the second law equation of Newton on rotational and translational motion, we can get the relationship between the system acceleration and the gravitational acceleration of the earth. The results of the earth’s gravitational acceleration obtained, compared with the results of the experiment using a stopwatch (conventional method), and with the value of the standard earth gravitational acceleration at that place. Earth’s gravitational acceleration from the experiment using a smartphone is closer to the standard earth gravitational acceleration value than using a stopwatch. So, in this experiment, the use of a smartphone acceleration sensor contributes to enhance a conventional demonstration of classical mechanics experiments.

Adaptability of a jump movement pattern to a non-constant force field elicited via centrifugation.

Humans are accustomed to Earth’s constant gravitational acceleration of 1g. Here we assessed if complex movements such as jumps can be adapted to different acceleration levels in a non-constant force field elicited through centrifugation. Kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity of 14 male subjects (age 27±5years, body mass 77±6kg, height 181±7cm) were recorded during repetitive hopping in a short-arm human centrifuge for five different acceleration levels (0.5g, 0.75g, 1g, 1.25g, 1.5g). These data were compared to those recorded during normal hops on the ground, and hops in a previously validated sledge jump system. Increasing acceleration from 0.5g to 1.5g resulted in increased peak ground reaction forces (+80%, p<0.001), rate of force development (+100%, p<0.001) and muscle activity (+30 to +140%, depending on phase, side and muscle). However, most of the recorded parameters did not attain the level observed for jumps on the ground or in the jump system. For instance, peak forces during centrifugation with 1g amounted to 60% of the peak forces during jumps on the ground, ground contact time was prolonged by 90%, and knee joint excursions were reduced by 50%. We conclude that in principle, a quick adaptation to acceleration levels other than the normal constant gravitational acceleration of 1g is possible, even in the presence of a non-constant force field and Coriolis forces. However, centrifugation introduced additional constraints compared to a constant force field without rotation, resulting in lower peak forces and changes in kinematics. These changes can be interpreted as a movement strategy aimed at reducing lower limb deflections caused by Coriolis forces.

Gerak Harmonik Sederhana Pada Pegas Dapat Digunakan Untuk Membuktikan Nilai Percepatan Gravitasi Bumi

This research was conducted to prove the value of Earth'sgravitational acceleration. This research was conducted inJuly 2015 until September 2015. The research method usingthe experimental method in the spring in this case used 2different types of springs that are both long and constant. Inthis experiment the observed variables are the period ofvibration and the change in spring length. Measuring thelength of the springs is done as much as 5 times for differentload masses. Each load is hung and vibrated by 20 vibrationsto obtain vibration period data. The results obtained that thevalue of the acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2. The Result ofthis research concluded that the acceleration of Earth'sgravity depends on the spring period and the increase inspring length.Keywords: earth's gravitational acceleration, spring period

Azimuthal and radial flow patterns of 1g-Geldart B-type particles in a gas-solid vortex reactor

Processes requiring intensive interfacial momentum, mass and heat exchange between gases and particulate solids can be greatly enhanced by operating in a centrifugal field. This is realized in the Gas-Solid Vortex Reactor (GSVR) with centrifugal accelerations up to two orders of magnitude higher than the Earth's gravitational acceleration. Here, the flow patterns of two 1g-Geldart B-type particles are experimentally assessed, over the gas inlet velocity range 82–126 m s−1, in an 80 mm diameter and 15 mm height GSVR. The particles are monosized aluminum spheres of 0.5 mm diameter, and walnut shell in the sieve fraction 0.50–0.56 mm and aspect ratio 1.3 ± 0.2. Two dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry combined with Digital Image Analysis and pressure measurements revealed that periodic fluctuations in solids azimuthal and radial velocity between gas inlet slots are strongly related to the average solids azimuthal velocity and bed uniformity. Aluminum particles feature steeper changes in azimuthal velocity and more attenuated changes in radial velocity than walnut shell particles. Within the assessed gas inlet velocity range the solids bed of aluminum exhibits average azimuthal velocities and bed voidages 40–50% and ≈10% lower than those of walnut shell. The aerodynamic response time of the particles, i.e. ρsdp2/18μg, emerged as an important parameter to assess the influence of the carrier gas jet on the radial deflection of the particles and the interaction solids bed-outer wall. Too low aerodynamic response time relates to nonuniformity in bed voidage due to solids radial velocity fluctuations. Excessive aerodynamic response time indicates low solids azimuthal velocities due to solids bed-outer wall friction.

Topology: A Source of Nonlinearity in the MEMS Thermal Accelerometer

This article reports the effect of package and constituent geometries on the response linearity of a micromachined single-axis thermal accelerometer. To investigate this phenomenon, a packaged device is filled with a high-density gas inside a sealed chamber on a rotation stage, and its response is measured as its sensitive axis of acceleration is tilted relative to the Earth's gravitational acceleration g 9.81ms2 . Linearity of the response is examined compared to an analytical model describing natural convection between horizontal heated concentric cylinders. In a 360 turn, full-scale nonlinearities of 3.1 and 0.9 are measured in each half cycle. This asymmetrical performance is attributed to a lower level of geometrical symmetry in the packaged device. To compensate for the modulated response, a geometrical correction factor is introduced to the model, improving its performance prediction with a symmetrical full-scale linearity error of 0.5.

Influence of Partial Solar Eclipse 2016 on the surface gravity acceleration using photogate sensor on Kater's reversible pendulum

This study was conducted to determine the Earth's surface gravitational acceleration (g) prior to, during, and after a partial solar eclipse. Data was collected in Basic Physics Laboratory Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung with coordinates S 6°51'48", E 107°35'40" for three days on March 8 – 10, 2016, in time interval measurement from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. This research used a standard pendulum, Kater's reversible pendulum, which deviated less than 3° so that the motion can be regarded harmonics oscillation. The period of pendulum oscillation motion is measured by a light sensor (photogate sensor) with accuracy until 10-13 seconds. The data analysis shows that there is small difference value of gravity acceleration at the Earth's surface from three days of observation, i.e. in the order of 10-3 ms-2. It means, there is a changes in the Earth's surface gravitational acceleration (g) due to the partial solar eclipse but not significant.

Particle tracking at cryogenic temperatures: the Fast Annihilation Cryogenic Tracking (FACT) detector for the AEgIS antimatter gravity experiment

The AEgIS experiment is an interdisciplinary collaboration between atomic, plasma and particle physicists, with the scientific goal of performing the first precision measurement of the Earth's gravitational acceleration on antimatter. The principle of the experiment is as follows: cold antihydrogen atoms are synthesized in a Penning-Malmberg trap and are Stark accelerated towards a moiré deflectometer, the classical counterpart of an atom interferometer, and annihilate on a position sensitive detector. Crucial to the success of the experiment is an antihydrogen detector that will be used to demonstrate the production of antihydrogen and also to measure the temperature of the anti-atoms and the creation of a beam. The operating requirements for the detector are very challenging: it must operate at close to 4 K inside a 1 T solenoid magnetic field and identify the annihilation of the antihydrogen atoms that are produced during the 1 μs period of antihydrogen production. Our solution—called the FACT detector—is based on a novel multi-layer scintillating fiber tracker with SiPM readout and off the shelf FPGA based readout system. This talk will present the design of the FACT detector and detail the operation of the detector in the context of the AEgIS experiment.

Design and Testing of 100 mK High-voltage Electrodes for AEgIS

The AEgIS (Antimatter Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy) experiment at CERN has as main goal to perform the first direct measurement of the Earth's gravitational acceleration on antihydrogen atoms within 1% precision. To reach this precision, the antihydrogen should be cooled down to about 100 mK to reduce its random vertical velocity. This is obtained by mounting a Penning trap consisting of multiple high-voltage electrodes on the mixing chamber of a dilution refrigerator with cooling capacity of 100μW at 50 mK. A design of the high-voltage electrodes is made and experimentally tested at operating conditions. The high-voltage electrodes are made of sapphire with four gold sputtered electrode sectors on it. The electrodes have a width of 40mm, a height of 18mm and a thickness of 5.8mm and for performance testing are mountedto the mixing chamber of a dilution refrigerator with a 250μm thick indium foil sandwiched inbetween the two to increase the thermal contact. A static heat load of 120nW applied to the top surface of the electrode results in a maximum measured temperature of 100mK while the mixing chamber is kept at a constant temperature of 50mK. The measured totalthermal resistivity lies in the range of 210-260cm2K4W−1, which is much higher than expected from literature. Further research needs to be done to investigate this.

Detection of low energy antiproton annihilations in a segmented silicon detector

The goal of the AEḡIS experiment at the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN, is to measure directly the Earth's gravitational acceleration on antimatter by measuring the free fall of a pulsed, cold antihydrogen beam.The final position of the falling antihydrogen will be detected by a position sensitive detector.This detector will consist of an active silicon part, where the annihilations take place, followed by an emulsion part. Together, they allow to achieve 1% precision on the measurement of ḡ with about 600 reconstructed and time tagged annihilations.We present here the prospects for the development of the AEḡIS silicon position sentive detector and the results from the first beam tests on a monolithic silicon pixel sensor, along with a comparison to Monte Carlo simulations.

Measuring GBAR with emulsion detector

The motivation of the AEgIS experiment is to test the universality of free fall with antimatter. The goal is to reach a relative uncertainty of 1% for the measurement of the earth's gravitational acceleration [Formula: see text] on an antihydrogen beam. High vertex position resolution is required for a position detector. An emulsion based detector can measure the annihilation vertex of antihydrogen atoms with a resolution of 1-2 μm, which if realized in the actual experiment will enable a 1% measurement of [Formula: see text] with less than 1000 [Formula: see text] atoms. Developments and achievements on emulsion detectors for the AEgIS experiment are presented here.

Development of nuclear emulsions operating in vacuum for the AEgIS experiment

For the first time the AEgIS (Antihydrogen Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy) experiment will measure the Earth's local gravitational acceleration g on antimatter through the evaluation of the vertical displacement of an antihydrogen horizontal beam. This will be a model independent test of the Weak Equivalence Principle at the base of the general relativity. The initial goal of a g measurement with a relative uncertainty of 1% will be achieved with less than 1000 detected antihydrogens, provided that their vertical position could be determined with a precision of a few micrometers. An emulsion based detector is very suitable for this purpose featuring an intrinsic sub-micrometric spatial resolution. Nevertheless, the AEgIS experiment requires unprecedented operational conditions for this type of detector, namely vacuum environment and very low temperature. An intense R&D activity is presently going on to optimize the detector for the AEgIS experimental requirements with rather encouraging results.

Production and thermalization of positronium in homogeneous porous silica

Positronium yield using the "3γ method" and lifetime measurements were performed at cryogenic and room temperature by means of a variable energy positron beam in homogeneous porous silica (Aerogel). An estimation of the positronium (Ps) mean diffusion length was obtained by measuring capped samples. An efficient formation of cooled Ps atoms is a requisite for the production of antihydrogen, with the aim of a direct measurement of the Earth gravitational acceleration g of antimatter, which is the primary scientific goal of AEgIS (Antimatter Experiment: gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy; CERN, Geneva). Porous materials are necessary to obtain a high Ps yield as well as to thermalize Ps. Our results indicate a high Ps production, long survival time and diffusion length in Aerogel samples. It will be shown that positronium yield, lifetime and diffusion length are independent on temperature and on the effect of gas adsorption at low temperature. The results indicate that Aerogel is a good candidate for an efficient formation of cold Ps for the AEgIS experiment.

Particle tracking at 4 K: The Fast Annihilation Cryogenic Tracking (FACT) detector for the AEgIS antimatter gravity experiment

The AEgIS experiment is an international collaboration with the main goal of performing the first direct measurement of the Earth's gravitational acceleration on antimatter. Critical to the success of AEgIS is the production of cold antihydrogen (H¯) atoms. The FACT detector is used to measure the production and temperature of the H¯ atoms and for establishing the formation of a H¯ beam. The operating requirements for this detector are very challenging: it must be able to identify each of the thousand or so annihilations in the 1ms period of pulsed H¯ production, operate at 4K inside a 1T solenoidal field and not produce more than 10W of heat. The FACT detector consists of two concentric cylindrical layers of 400 scintillator fibres with a 1mm diameter and a 0.6mm pitch. The scintillating fibres are coupled to clear fibres which transport the scintillation light to 800 silicon photomultipliers. Each silicon photomultiplier signal is connected to a linear amplifier and a fast discriminator, the outputs of which are sampled continuously by Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).In the course of the developments for the FACT detector we have established the performance of scintillating fibres at 4K by means of a cosmic-ray tracker operating in a liquid helium cryostat. The FACT detector was installed in the AEgIS apparatus in December 2012 and will be used to study the H¯ formation when the low energy antiproton physics programs resume at CERN in the Summer of 2014. This paper presents the design requirements and construction methods of the FACT detector and provides the first results of the detector commissioning.

Development of nuclear emulsions with [formula omitted] spatial resolution for the AEgIS experiment

The main goal of the AEgIS experiment at CERN is to test the weak equivalence principle for antimatter. We will measure the Earth's gravitational acceleration g¯ with antihydrogen atoms being launched in a horizontal vacuum tube and traversing a moiré deflectometer. We intend to use a position sensitive device made of nuclear emulsions (combined with a time-of-flight detector such as silicon μ-strips) to measure precisely their annihilation points at the end of the tube. The goal is to determine g¯ with a 1% relative accuracy. In 2012 we tested emulsion films in vacuum and at room temperature with low energy antiprotons from the CERN antiproton decelerator. First results on the expected performance for AEgIS are presented.