Layers Of Earth's Atmosphere Research Articles

Isyarah ‘Ilmiyyah (Sains) dalam Al-Qur’an Surah Al-Syams Ayat 1-5 Perspektif Zaghloul Raghib Muhammad An-Najjar

Research on scientific signs can provide a deeper understanding of the scientific content of the Quran, but the lack of integration between Quranic scholarly studies and modern scientific studies has led to a gap in the understanding of Muslims regarding the Quran. Based on this issue, the researcher aims to uncover the scientific signs behind Surah Ash-Shams verses 1-5, such as the sun, moon, day, night, and the sky. This research refers to the commentary of Zaghloul An-Najjar due to his expertise in the field of earth sciences, making the study more effective in revealing the truth of the Quran. The research method used is qualitative with a scientific-themed maudhui commentary approach. This study is a literature review using descriptive analysis methods. The results obtained from this research are: Firstly, the immense benefits and materials of sunlight cannot be replaced by human-made alternatives. Secondly, the natural phenomena called solar and lunar eclipses. Thirdly, sunlight influences the production of serotonin hormone during the day, while the increasing darkness of the night helps the production of melatonin hormone. Fourthly, behind the visible sunlight, there is a daytime layer surrounding the earth above the Earth's atmospheric layer, allowing solar energy to reach the Earth. Finally, the vastness of the sky in outer space is discussed, leading to various galaxies and clusters of galaxies.

Nonlinear shallow water investigation of atmospheric disturbances generated by strong seismic events.

The upper portions of the Earth's atmospheric layer, e.g., the ionospheric plasma layer, can be significantly affected by perturbations generated in the lower layers. In fact, all perturbations formed within the troposphere can easily propagate, not only horizontally within the layer but also vertically reaching the highest regions of the atmosphere far from the Earth's surface, as depicted by the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation of atmospheric waves. Because all perturbations generated in the atmospheric boundary layer must take into account the effects of the medium's nonlinearity and thus the effects of atmospheric turbulence, in this work the impact of a strong seismic event and the disturbances generated in the flow are analyzed by means of a fully nonlinear model which incorporates a simple parametrization of the seismic event and is based on the classical shallow water. A strict dependence was observed between the model control parameters and the vertical nonvanishing modes from the WKB approximation, and only few specific bands of excited modes are nonvanishing and can eventually propagate to the ionosphere. Moreover, the flow disturbance, generated by a seismic event, presents a multiscale nature characterized by two fixed wavelengths, and the excited modes are harmonics of such distinctive scales.

Estimation of Solar Potential for Thailand Using Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System Models

This research paper proposes a new method of global solar radiation prediction for Thailand using adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models. Contrary to mathematical-based modeling approaches, the proposed models are able to estimate the monthly mean of daily global solar radiation at the ground level without using the earth's atmospheric layer model. The proposed technique alternately utilizes the 9-year long recorded spatiotemporal data of solar irradiance from meteorological ground stations in the modeling process. With a limited number of ground stations, it covered six regions of Thailand, ANFIS modeling; testing and restructuring have been performed repetitively; and finally, the best-fit models with minimum mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) corresponding to six regions of Thailand are obtained. Moreover, the ANFIS models have been tested comparatively to the measured data and the multilayer feed forward artificial neural network (ANN) models, which has a good agreement to real data for the proposed models, can be met with the average accuracy of 7.07% MAPE. By applying this model as a tool to estimate solar potential, the local government or the business sector can provide basic information, which is useful for solar energy system planning and project development.

Hydrostatic Simulation of Earth's Atmospheric Gas Using Multi-particle Collision Dynamics

Multi-particle collision dynamics (MPCD) is a mesoscopic simulation method to simulate fluid particle-like flows. MPCD has been widely used to simulate various problems in condensed matter. In this study, hydrostatic behavior of gas in the Earth's atmospheric layer is simulated by using MPCD method. The simulation is carried out by assuming the system under ideal state and is affected only by gravitational force. Gas particles are homogeneous and placed in 2D box. Interaction of the particles with the box is applied through implementation of boundary conditions (BC). Periodic BC is applied on the left and the right side, specular reflection on the top side, while bounce-back on the bottom side. Simulation program is executed in Arch Linux and running in notebook with processor Intel i5 @2700 MHz with 10 GB DDR3 RAM. The results show behaviors of the particles obey kinetic theory for ideal gas when gravitational acceleration value is proportional to the particle mass. Density distribution as a function of altitude also meets atmosphere's hydrostatic theory.

Instruments to study fast neutrons fluxes in the upper atmosphere with the use of high-altitude balloons

The successful circumpolar flight of the X-ray polarimeter PoGOLite in the northern hemisphere during the summer campaign of 2013 inspired us, the team consisting mostly of students and senior researchers, to develop a Modular Monitor of the Cosmic Neutral Emission (MMCNE) prototype that can be flown on the high-altitude balloons to study two components of neutral emission, namely spectra of neutrons and of gamma-rays in the upper layers of Earth atmosphere. Instrument modular concept, and some of the simulated detection characteristics for the selected layout will be presented in this paper.

Calibration Device Development for Spherical Solar Radiation Sensors

Measuring the solar radiation received by a plant canopy is necessary to analyze its physiological aspects. A spherical photodiode has been developed for this purpose. However, a horizontally set calibrated solarimeter using a flat type sensor cannot be used for calibration because it must remain unaffected by the cosine law. Therefore, an inexpensive automatic tracking solar disk system has been developed for the calibration of a spherical type solarimeter. A calibrated solarimeter was mounted on the tracking system and was inclined according to the altitude and the declination angle of the location on the day of the experiment. The system calibrated all four spherical solarimeters with high correlation coefficients . Some data exceed the so-called solar constant, which is measured similarly, but outside of the earth atmospheric layer because the device developed this time measured hemispherical solar radiation normal to the sun disk. Similar data were reported even from horizontal measurements.

Astrium spaceplane for scientific missions

Since years Novespace and Astrium are discussing mutual interest in cooperating together when considering Novespace well established capabilities and the ongoing development of the Astrium Spaceplane and its unique features. Indeed both companies are proposing service for non-public missions which require microgravity environment especially. It relies on assets of both parties:•Novespace in operating 0-G aircraft platforms for the sake of the European scientific community for decades;•Astrium and its Spaceplane currently in pre-development phase.Novespace and its Airbus A300 Zero-G exhibit a unique know-how in Europe for operating scientific payload on aeronautic platform(s). Moreover Astrium is preparing the development of a safe and passenger friendly Spaceplane, taking off and landing from a standard airport runway powered by turbofans and using a rocket engine of proven design to reach 100km altitude.The paper details the joint service offered and the added value of the partnership of Novespace and Astrium for various end-users. In addition longer duration of on-board microgravity periods and ultra high altitude features of the Astrium Spaceplane mission expand the scope of possible non-public applications which includes e.g.:•Earth system science and probing of uncharted layers of Earth atmosphere on a regular basis and in various locations worldwide;•Spaceflight crew training.