Earthquake Tsunami Disaster Research Articles

Creation of a Model for Estimating the Home-return Rate of Evacuees Using Mobile Phone Movement Histories and Its Application to the Nankai Trough Earthquake

Abstract. Considering the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, by utilizing GPS based large-scale people flow data, we developed a home-return model considering city variables that can estimate the rate of people who will have returned home on any number of days after an earthquake tsunami disaster. We obtained high accuracy with the sparse logit model in this study. The model can be applied in estimating a disaster only by using grid-based city variables of GIS data and existing damage estimation models. In addition, we used the model in the case of the Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake and simulated the transition of post-disaster home-return ratio. The estimation result can help local governments plan the management of evacuation centers in terms of the management of supplies and goods for disasters. The study could help a new understanding of the quantitative relationship between people returning home after evacuation and city variables with regard to earthquake and tsunami hazards based on spatial information science.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA CAPAIAN PEMBELAJARAN KEPERAWATAN ISLAMI DAN JENIS KELAMIN DENGAN KESIAPAN PENINGKATAN SPIRITUALITAS

Spiritual sebagai salah satu kebutuhan dasar manusia penting untuk dipenuhi. Salah satu faktor pada mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Al Irsyad Al Islamiyyah Cilacap (STIKES AIAIC) yang penting untuk diteliti berhubungan dengan kesiapan peningkatan spiritual adalah capaian pembelajaran mata kuliah keperawatan Islami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisi apakah ada hubungan antar capaian pembelajaran mata kuliah keperawatan Islami dan jenis kelamin dengan kesiapan peningkatan spiritualitas akibat adanya kemungkinan bencana. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan analisi korelasi. Sampel berjumlah 30 mahasiswa S1 Keperawatan yang diambil dengan teknik simpel random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebagian besar capaian pembelajaran keperawatan Islami sangat memuaskan (73,3%). Sebagian besar sangat siap meningkatan spiritual (53,3%). Hasil analisis Fisher`s Exact Test Sig 2 sided sebesar 0,031 yang berarti ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kesiapan peningkatan spiritualitas. Kesimpulan adalah: Tidak ada hubungan antara capaian pembelajaran keperawatan Islami dengan kesiapan peningkatan spiritualitas dengan stresor bencana gempa-tsunami. Ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kesiapan peningkatan spiritualitas dengan stresor bencana gempa-tsunami.

Four-Dimensional of Japan Earthquake-Tsunami Disaster from Rapid Eye Satellite Data

Four-Dimensional of Japan Earthquake-Tsunami Disaster from Rapid Eye Satellite Data

WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN JAPAN AND VIETNAM

This paper represents a research study on the wind power policies and the development of wind power projects in Japan and Vietnam, two countries in Asia with different social development history and economy. Japan has harnessed wind power as a source of green energy many years ago whereas the research on wind power in Vietnam has only been conducted in recent decades. After the earthquake-tsunami disaster in 2011, the Japanese government has prioritized the development of alternative sources of generating electricity including wind power to replace the dangerous nuclear power. This paper reviews and analyzes the development of wind power policies and projects both in Japan and Vietnam. The research results confirm that the Japanese government has the complete and clear policies on the development of wind power. This stability encourages national and foreign investment in the various development projects of the wind power plants. On the other hand, the laws and policies for wind development in Vietnam are not yet stable and many Decisions and Circulars have been promulgated over a decade by the Vietnamese government from 2007 to 2016 which result in the constraint of the development of wind power projects in Vietnam.

Response to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami disaster.

We revisited the lessons of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami disaster specifically on the response and impact, and discussed the paradigm shift of Japan's tsunami disaster management policies and the perspectives for reconstruction. Revisiting the modern histories of Tohoku tsunami disasters and pre-2011 tsunami countermeasures, we clarified how Japan's coastal communities have prepared for tsunamis. The discussion mainly focuses on structural measures such as seawalls and breakwaters and non-structural measures of hazard map and evacuation. The responses to the 2011 event are discussed specifically on the tsunami warning system and efforts to identify the tsunami impacts. The nation-wide post-tsunami survey results shed light on the mechanisms of structural destruction, tsunami loads and structural vulnerability to inform structural rehabilitation measures and land-use planning. Remarkable paradigm shifts in designing coastal protection and disaster mitigation measures were introduced, leading with a new concept of potential tsunami levels: Prevention (Level 1) and Mitigation (Level 2) levels according to the level of 'protection'. The seawall is designed with reference to Level 1 tsunami scenario, while comprehensive disaster management measures should refer to Level 2 tsunami for protection of human lives and reducing potential losses and damage. Throughout the case study in Sendai city, the proposed reconstruction plan was evaluated from the tsunami engineering point of view to discuss how the post 2011 paradigm was implemented in coastal communities for future disaster mitigation. The analysis revealed that Sendai city's multiple protection measures for Level 2 tsunami will contribute to a substantial reduction of the tsunami inundation zone and potential losses, combined with an effective tsunami evacuation plan.

The impact of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami disaster and implications to the reconstruction

The authors conducted a comprehensive study to identify the impact of the 2011 Tohoku tsunami disaster and to understand the lessons towards the reconstruction of Tohoku to build tsunami-resilient community. First, the authors identified the extent of tsunami inundation zone by field measurement and satellite remote sensing. A specific index for optical satellite images was applied for the extraction of tsunami inland penetration calibrated with the ground truth data (field survey data). Second, an integrated investigation of field measurement and aerial photo and video inspections with spatial information sciences was performed to understand the hydrodynamic aspect of tsunami inland penetration with a form of tsunami flow velocity and hydrodynamic force, and the preliminary results lead to new understandings of structural vulnerability against the 2011 tsunami with a form of tsunami fragility curve and an implication for land use management and relocation planning to reconstruct resilient coastal communities.

Abandonment of farmlands caused by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake tsunami disaster and river flood disaster in the unprotected floodplain of the Lower Natori River, Japan

Abandonment of farmlands caused by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake tsunami disaster and river flood disaster in the unprotected floodplain of the Lower Natori River, Japan

Religious Care by Zen Buddhist Monks: A Response to Criticism of “Funeral Buddhism”

This study suggests that Buddhist priests’ sutra chanting can heal troubled and bereaved people. Sutra chanting can include home visits with teatime chats, and memorial services to console the spirits of the departed. Japanese “Funeral Buddhism” has been criticized for its lack of social engagement, but home visits and memorial services may partly counter such criticisms. This study presents four cases collected through chain sampling of Zen monks using semistructured interviews in December 2012. Respondents were asked to reflect on helping laypeople along with their usual activities. Their temples are in suburban areas of cities affected by the 3.11 earthquake-tsunami disaster.

南海トラフにおける多数津波シナリオの設定方法とその応用

In the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Disaster, the actual tsunami heights had exceeded the estimated heights extremely and the underestimation caused serious damages in Japan. To reduce such a risk, multi tsunami scenarios were examined especially considering Large Slip Zone (LSZ) and Super Large Slip Zone (SLSZ) suggested by the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. And a recipe of predicting the scenarios is proposed in this paper. The recipe consists of areas, shapes, places and dislocations of LSZ and SLSZ, and the initial crack location. The recipe was applied for the Nankai Trough to predict multi scenario of future large tsunamis and its detailed procedure was shown. Further, the multi tsunami scenarios upgraded the model to avoid the underestimation of tsunami warning by using GPS-mounted Buoys.

Earthquake-Tsunami in South Jogjakarta Indonesia: Potential, Simulation Models, and Related Mitigation Efforts

The potential of earthquake-tsunami in South Java is lower than those in South-West of Sumatra. The recent earthquake-tsunami in this area was the “tsunami earthquake” with the relatively slow characteristics of the earthquake and generating greater tsunami. The results of model simulations with limited scenario in South Java showed a significant tsunami affected southern of Jogjakarta’s coastal region. To support disaster mitigation and planning of infrastructure development in the southern coastal areas, it is necessary to study the potential earthquake-tsunami disaster and its mitigation efforts using detail and accurate topographicbathymetric data.

The Fukushima Dai-Ichi Accident

In response to the March 2011 earthquake-tsunami disaster and the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident, a special nongovernmental Radiological Emergency Assistance Mission flew to Japan from the United States. Invited by one of Japan's largest hospital and healthcare groups and facilitated by a New York-based international disaster relief organization, the mission included an emergency physician, a health physicist, and a disaster management specialist. During the 10 d mission, team members conducted fieldwork in areas affected by the earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident; went to cities and towns in the 20-30 km Emergency Evacuation Preparation Zone around the damaged nuclear plant; visited other communities affected by the nuclear accident; went to evacuation shelters; met with mayors and other local officials; met with central government officials; exchanged observations, experiences, and information with Japanese medical, emergency response, and disaster management colleagues; and provided radiological information and training to more than 1,100 Japanese hospital and healthcare personnel and first responders. The mission produced many insights with potential relevance for radiological/nuclear emergency preparedness and response. The first "lessons learned" were published in December 2011. Since that time, additional broad insights from the mission and mission followup have been identified. Five of these new lessons, which focus primarily on community impacts and responses and public communication issues, are presented and discussed in this article.

Lessons from the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Disaster

Based on a comprehensive study of the lessons from the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami that devastatedmuch of the northeast Japan (Tohoku), we discuss insights into reconstruction and tsunamiresilient communities. Through field measurement, remote sensing, and numerical modeling approaches with spatial information sciences, we clarified the hydrodynamic characteristics of the tsunami inundation flow, the tsunami fragility curves. As observed in devastated areas and the analysis of the tsunami fragility curves, buildings were especially vulnerable when the local flow depth exceeded 2 m, while a 6 m flow depth would cause everything to be washed away. The findings and results lead to implications for land use management and relocation planning for reconstructing tsunami-resilient coastal communities. As a case study, we conducted the numerical tsunami modeling in Sendai city to evaluate the performance of the reconstruction plan based on the land use and coastal protection scenarios.

5PM2-A-1 東日本大震災での教訓と津波研究の最前線(招待講演)

The March 11, 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami disaster devastated the Pacific coast of northeastern part of Japan. The large number of casualties more than 19,000 and several types of tsunami impact such as inundation in a large area, destructive force destroying houses, buildings, infrastructures, road, and railways, and change of topography due to the erosion and deposition are reported. We have been obtaining results of field surveys as well as numerical simulation and satellite image analysis with ground truth data, to obtain the data of the tsunami and its disaster, and identify extent of tsunami inundation and damage. The fore front of the tsunami research are introduced.

リモートセンシングによる2011 年東北地方太平洋沖地震津波の広域被害把握

リモートセンシングによる2011 年東北地方太平洋沖地震津波の広域被害把握

2011年東北地方太平洋沖地震津波災害における建物脆弱性と津波被害関数

2011年東北地方太平洋沖地震津波災害における建物脆弱性と津波被害関数

A photo report of the great earthquake tsunami disaster in 2011 along the Sanriku Coast(Photo)

A photo report of the great earthquake tsunami disaster in 2011 along the Sanriku Coast(Photo)

The Un‐Thought of Preparedness: Concealments of Disaster Preparedness in Tokyo's Everyday

SUMMARY Written three months before the Tohoku earthquake of 2011, this article looks at disaster preparedness work in Japan. These parings develop what I call the “un-thought of preparedness” which amounts to a general shift in the premise of preparedness in Japan from uncertainty (what if it strikes?) to poise (even if it strikes!). In the postscript, I provide a short ethnographic exploration of the work of mourning in the months following the 2011 earthquake–tsunami disaster.

Field Survey of the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Disaster to the South of Miyagi Prefecture

On March 11, 2011, a large earthquake of magnitude 9.0 took place, generating a tsunami that caused a severe damage to the east coast of Japan. To comprehensively record tsunami trace heights along the coastal region, the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Joint Survey Group was organized. The authors conducted field surveys as a part of this group in Miyagi, Fukushima, Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures. In this paper, the results of these surveys are reported. Inundation heights were more than 10 m in the north part of Miyagi, 5 to 10 m along the coast of Sendai Bay and around 5 m in Ibaraki and Chiba. Buildings, including reinforced concrete structures, were washed away and ships were stranded in land. Coastal structures such as dikes and coastal forests also suffered extensive damage.

Interim Report of Healthcare Delivery after East Japan Earthquake-Tsunami Disaster – Does EHR Help?

Interim Report of Healthcare Delivery after East Japan Earthquake-Tsunami Disaster – Does EHR Help? -

Tsunami fragility inferred from the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-oki earthquake tsunami disaster

The authors proposed the tsunami fragility curves to estimate the structural damage by the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-oki earthquake tsunami, by the integrated approach of damage inspection of aerial photographs of pre and post tsunami in Aonae town and the numerical modeling of tsunami inundation flow. The tsunami fragility curves are expressed as the structural damage probabilities with regard to the hydrodynamic features of tsunami inundation flow, such as inundation depth, inundation height, current velocity and hydrodynamic force, to expand the capability of estimating potential tsunami damage in a quantitative manner.