Earthquake Damage Analysis Research Articles

Earthquake Response and Damage Analysis of Tianning Temple Pagoda

Earthquake Response and Damage Analysis of Tianning Temple Pagoda

Coseismic surface rupture characteristics and earthquake damage analysis of the eastern end of the 2021 MS 7.4 Madoi (Qinghai) earthquake

At 02:04 on May 22, 2021, an MS 7.4 earthquake occurred in Madoi County in Qinghai Province, China. This earthquake is the largest seismic event in China since the 2008 MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. Thus, it is critical to investigate surface deformation and damage in time to accurately understand the seismogenic structure of the Madoi earthquake and the seismogenic capacity of the blocks in this region. This study focuses on the Xuema Village, located at the eastern end of the coseismic surface ruptures produced by the event, and assesses the deformation and seismic damage in this area based on field surveys, UAV photogrammetry, and ground penetrating radar (GPR). The results indicate that the rupture scale is substantially smaller at the eastern end of the rupture zone compared to other segments. En echelon type shear tensile fractures are concentrated in a width range of 50–100 m, and the width of single fractures ranges from 20 to 30 cm. In contrast, the degree of seismic damage significantly increases at this site. All of the brick and timber houses are damaged or collapsed, while the steel frame structures and the color steel houses are slightly damaged. More than 80% of the bridge decks on the Changma River Bridge collapse, similar to the terraces along the Youerqu and Changma Rivers and the cut slopes of Provincial Highway S205. We infer that the seismogenic fault of the Madoi earthquake exerts a tail effect in this segment. The tension zone has led to a reduction at the eastern end of the rupture zone, causing shaking damage. Local topography and buildings without earthquake-resistant construction along the strike of the rupture zone have undergone different levels of seismic damage.

A Study on Advancing Strategy of Seismic Tremors Solution For Busan using Open API

Background/Objectives: Among the earthquake damage analysis systems developed so far, no system that could even respond from the perspective of managers in the event of a disaster.
 Methods/Statistical analysis: It was intended to ensure the convenience of managers by adding additional functions to the type of seismic damage analysis system. The existing system predicted and calculated the damage caused by the earthquake. In this paper, we present a way to help respond quickly after an earthquake by using Open API, etc. It includes functions that are already being implemented, as well as those that are being researched and developed.
 Findings: The existing seismic damage analysis system mostly calculates building damage caused by earthquakes, evaluates the amount of damage based on those figures, and produces figures related to refugees. But when an actual earthquake occurs, there is not much that managers can do right away with the system. This paper presents a strategic improvement plan by adding four additional functions to overcome the shortcomings of the existing system. This improvement plan is based on 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) and was intended to add Earthquake Excellence History, Vulnerable Groups Concentrated Area Information, Standard Operating Procedures, and Real-Time Evaluation Route. Earthquake Accuracy History function allows an intuitive decision on past similar records to be made. Vulnerable Groups Concentrated Area Information function helps you make quick judgments about the situation in the region where you need help first and foremost. Standard Operating Procedures are built into the system so that non-skilled people can easily perform it. Real-Time Evacuation Route feature allows administrators to have a quick insight into the path of refugees.
 Improvements/Applications: The improvement plan with additional functions in the system for calculating the output related to damage can be further improved through further implementation.

Model for Earthquake Damage Analysis in Lifeline Utility Systems with Consideration of Uncertainties

AbstractConsidering the uncertain performance of lifelines with respect to earthquakes, the seismic assessment of critical infrastructures is of the utmost importance. The main purpose of this pape...

Building Earthquake Damage Analysis Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data

Terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) can acquire high‐precision three‐dimensional point cloud data for earthquake‐damaged buildings. In this study, we collected TLS data in the Wenchuan earthquake zone and developed the TLS‐BSAM (terrestrial laser scanning‐based building shape analysis model) to carry out a building earthquake damage analysis. This model involves equidistance polygon array extraction, shape dispersion parameter calculations, irregular building clustering segmentation, and damage analysis. We chose 21 buildings as samples for the experiments. The results show that when using an equidistance polygon array to depict a three‐dimensional building, 0.5 m is a reasonable sampling interval for building earthquake damage analysis. Using certain characteristic parameters to carry out K‐means clustering, one can efficiently divide irregular buildings into regular blocks. Then, by weighted averages, the shape dispersion parameters can be calculated to express the damage extent to buildings. Among the shape dispersion parameters, at least the weighted average standard deviations of the tilt direction, rectangularity, compactness, and center point are suitable to reflect the damage extent. Higher values reflect more serious damage. On the basis of existing data, the weighted average standard deviations of the tilt direction and center point can be used to establish discriminant functions that can effectively distinguish the damage extent.

Earthquake damage analysis of school buildings in Jiuzhaigou

Based on Jiuzhaigou seismic building damage investigation data, this paper analyzes the typical earthquake damage characteristics of school buildings. It summarizes main features of destruction to middle and primary school buildings from the earthquake. In addition, it puts forward the aseismic building design and gives some suggestions on building site selection and construction engineering design, which can provide a reference for structural seismic strengthening.

Detecting damaged building parts in earthquake-damaged areas using differential seeded region growing

ABSTRACTAcquiring information about earthquake-damaged buildings is essential for effective rescue and restoration operations. Building damage must be assessed to provide detailed information regarding the location and proportion of damage to individual buildings. Automatic processing of damage assessment is also critical in hastening relief efforts. Therefore, we propose a new method for automatically extracting damaged building parts and quantitatively assessing the damage to individual buildings caused by earthquakes. The proposed method consists of four parts: generating differential information, differential seeded region growing (DSRG), rule-based earthquake damage analysis, and accuracy assessment. First, differential information is automatically derived to extract the damage candidates. The damage candidates are then used as seed points for the region growing process to extract damaged building parts without requiring intervention by a human analyst. Then, designed automated extraction rules based on the condition of the collapsed or crushed buildings are used on the DSRG results. We applied the proposed method to both a residential area and a business area in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and evaluated its accuracy using a visual comparison, a location-based assessment, and a proportion-based assessment. The results of the visual comparison were similar to the reference data, exhibiting location accuracies of 86% and 89% for the chosen residential and business areas, respectively. An assessment of the damage proportion to individual buildings was performed, which showed that the proposed method achieved accuracies of 81% and 84% for the residential and business areas, respectively, and was highly correlated with the reference data. The proposed method can accurately estimate damaged building parts, which can accelerate rapid relief actions in earthquake-damaged areas. In addition, the proposed method promotes cost-effective relief actions because it filters out many intact buildings without omitting damaged buildings.

Determination of building age for Istanbul buildings to be used for the earthquake damage analysis according to structural codes by using aerial and satellite images in GIS

Istanbul is located in one of the most active seismic zones in the world. Since Istanbul is the industrial, commercial, cultural and educational center of Turkey, it attracts ongoing migration from all over Turkey. However, those migrations caused unplanned construction and those unplanned constructions led to the formation of vulnerable and undocumented building stock in Istanbul. Many scientific studies estimated that Istanbul is expecting a major earthquake and the expected damage to the structures will be extensive. Therefore, there have been a lot of building damage estimations for the possible Istanbul earthquake to recommended precautions and to be prepared. A major disadvantage of Istanbul case is the lack of knowledge for the absolute number of buildings and the ages of those buildings. Up to now, many studies for Istanbul used the building dataset of Istanbul with the number starting from 1.1 to 1.5 million without the absolute age information. To make a correct or reliable earthquake damage estimation, a building database that contains at least building age, construction type and number of floors is required in most of the earthquake loss assessment software. This paper aims to determine the buildings of Istanbul and the age of them, according to structural codes for the earthquake zones by using aerial and satellite images of Istanbul. The classification should be based on the regulation so as to minimize the age classes and maximize the accuracy. First building regulations in Turkey came into force in 1940 in order to determine essential conditions for the realization of functional, safe and disaster-resistant building design in Turkey. Last updated building code regulations have come into force in 2007 in Turkey. It was also important to investigate the proper building detection method for the aim of this study, and it was determined as the manual digitization. In this study, the buildings of Istanbul and the age of them are determined for every single building, by digitizing the selected aerial and satellite images of Istanbul based on the official structural codes in Turkey. Thus, first the exact number and location of buildings in Istanbul and every single buildings age were determined. The results were also validated with two separate studies of Istanbul for different periods of times. By this way, earthquake damage analysis for the Istanbul buildings can be run for the real building data of Istanbul with any earthquake loss assessment software.

Assessment of the 2011 Virginia Earthquake Damage and Seismic Fragility Analysis of the Washington Monument

This paper is concerned with prediction of the probability of occurrence associated with various potential states of damage to the Washington Monument during future seismic events. A finite element model (FEM) of the Monument is developed and updated based on the dynamic characteristics of the structure identified through ambient vibration measurements. The calibrated model is used to study the behavior of the Monument during the 2011 Virginia earthquake. The FEM is modified to have nonlinear material properties to investigate the initiation and propagation of cracking, as well as any compressive crushing in the Monument's shaft during a future earthquake. The nonlinear FEM is subjected to two ensembles of site-compatible ground motions representing different seismic hazard levels for the Washington Monument, and the response used to investigate the probability of occurrence of several structural and nonstructural damage states.

Earthquake Damage Analysis of Concrete Gravity Dams: Modeling and Behavior under Near-Fault Seismic Excitations

In the near-fault region of an earthquake, ground motions are strongly affected by complex mechanisms and can be significantly different from typical far-fault ground motions. Although the significance of near-fault ground motions has been widely recognized, its influence on the earthquake performance of concrete gravity dams has not yet been fully quantified. This article investigates the effects of near-fault ground motions on the nonlinear seismic response behavior of concrete gravity dams. In particular, the characteristics of different aspects of near-fault ground motions are evaluated and the significance of various near-fault ground motion parameters is examined.

Earthquake Damage Investigation and Analysis of Masonry Structure in Yuxi Village - The Macroscopic Epicenter of M<sub>s</sub> 7.0 Lushan Earthquake

Damage data of 52 masonry structures in Yuxi Village which is the macroscopic epicenter of Ms 7.0 LuShan strong earthquake were summarized and analyzed to study basic seismic capacity of the rural residence in Southwest China, and the following conclusions were obtained: summarized structural features of the main rural residence structure in Southwest China that exemplified by Yuxi Village; summarized damage characteristics of masonry structure in Yuxi Village, given brief analysis of its damage causes and provided reinforcement and improvement suggestions according to the corresponding damage characteristics; analyzed general damage characteristics of the village houses in the macroscopic level based on statistically analyze seismic site survey data. The basic seismic capacity of rural residential status in Southwest China is initially grasped, and it has important reference value to understand of the damage characteristics of various types of structure, the development of earthquake disaster mitigation planning and revision of seismic design code.

Earthquake damage analysis of arch dams considering dam–water–foundation interaction

A comprehensive model is integrated in this paper to analyze the nonlinear earthquake response of arch dams. The following factors are taken into account: the semi-unbounded size of foundation rock and compressible water, the opening of contraction joints, the cracking of the dam body, and the spatial variation of ground motions. As a case study, the earthquake response of the Pacoima dam to the 1994 Northridge earthquake is investigated using the proposed model. The earthquake damage is simulated based on the actual conditions during the earthquake to verify the developed analysis model. The joint opening and concrete cracking are qualitatively reproduced, wherein the ground motion excitation is spatially defined based on the acceleration records at the dam–rock interface. Several influencing factors, such as the earthquake input mechanism, shape of the thrust block, and water level, are further considered to analyze their contribution to the actual damage. The result shows that the variation of ground motions along the dam–foundation interface may be the most important factor for the damage mode of the Pacoima dam.

Emergency shelter capacity estimation by earthquake damage analysis

Taiwan is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire and thus experiences many detectable earthquakes annually. The damage resulting from these earthquakes affects the government and local citizens financially and endangers lives. As the political and economic capital of Taiwan, Taipei has a high population density. Assessing the seismic effects in Taipei, therefore, is a crucial issue requiring immediate attention. In this study, Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System (TELES) software for analyzing potential earthquakes was used to simulate earthquake events at potential faults in the Taipei area. The TELES analysis theory was used to analyze seismic events and to predict building damage and displacement of citizens in each Taipei administrative district. The analytical results are then compared with the capacity of temporary shelters currently planned by the government. Finally, our conclusions and recommendations are presented. Hopefully, the results of this study can provide a useful reference for relevant organizations when developing earthquake disaster prevention policies.

Analysis of Bridge Earthquake Damage and Reasonable Aseismic Systems

Damage to simple beam bridge, continuous beam bridge, continuous rigid frame bridge and arch bridge is analyzed in Wenchuan, Tangshan and Yunnan earthquakes etc. The results show that seismic damage for the same bridge system has many common features, and seismic performance of different bridge system varies greatly. Fall, bearing sliding, beam displacement and collision between adjacent beams at expansion joints the is major earthquake damage for simply beam bridge. Seismic damage ratio and degree of continuous beam bridge is bigger than the simple support beam bridge. Earthquake damage of the continuous rigid frame bridge is obvious lightly in the close simple beam and continuous beam bridge. Seismic damage of arch bridge is more complex. Selection methods of reasonable aseismic system for the straight line bridge in seismic zone are proposed based on the analysis of earthquake damage and numerical analysis.

Considering the Effect of Infilled Wall in Frame Structure Based on Reinhorn-Valle Damage Model on Earthquake Damage Analysis

Infilled wall is usually used to separate the housing space and it has greatly affected the structural dynamic characteristics. Considering the infilled wall and the frame structure working together, the structure's response under the earthquake is simulated. In this paper, taking the stiffness, strength degradation and pinching effect of structural elements together into account, the authors adopt Reinhorn-Valle damage model to conduct earthquake damage analysis. The result shows that the infilled wall can mitigate earthquake’s damage of main structural component effectively.

A Rapid Seismic Evaluation Method of Masonry Buildings Based on Earthquake Damage

Wall and tie column shear strength of every floor in masonry buildings as indicators of earthquake-resistant capacity, the evaluation criteria of the indicators was obtained based on the earthquake damage analysis on the 72 multi-storey masonry buildings in Dujiangyan and Hanwang areas. Based on these tests, a rapid seismic evaluation method of masonry buildings was proposed, this method can assess the degree of earthquake damage for the masonry structure under the level of seismic intensity directly. The application of the method is introduced by analyzing the earthquake damage of a masonry building in Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that the method can evaluate the aseismic performance for masonry buildings, and can assess the degree of earthquake damage additionally.

Analysis of Building Damage during the 8 October 2005 Earthquake in Pakistan

Research Article| March 01, 2008 Analysis of Building Damage during the 8 October 2005 Earthquake in Pakistan S. T. Maqsood; S. T. Maqsood Earthquake Damage Analysis Center (EDAC) Institute of Constructive Engineering Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Germany tariq.maqsood@bauing.uni-weimar.de (S.T.M.) schwarz@bauing.uni-weimar.de (J.S.) Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. Schwarz J. Schwarz Earthquake Damage Analysis Center (EDAC) Institute of Constructive Engineering Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Germany tariq.maqsood@bauing.uni-weimar.de (S.T.M.) schwarz@bauing.uni-weimar.de (J.S.) Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Seismological Research Letters (2008) 79 (2): 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.79.2.163 Article history first online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation S. T. Maqsood, J. Schwarz; Analysis of Building Damage during the 8 October 2005 Earthquake in Pakistan. Seismological Research Letters 2008;; 79 (2): 163–177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.79.2.163 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search The strongest earthquake in the history of Pakistan jolted the northern region at 08:50 local time (03:50 UTC) 8 October 2005. The epicenter of the earthquake was determined by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to be 34.493°N and 73.629°E. This location is in the northern portion of Muzaffarabad district. It had a magnitude of 7.6 with a depth of 26 km. The earthquake caused extensive damage, destruction, and loss of life over a wide region (almost 30,000-km2) including Muzaffarabad, Mansehra, Batagram, Bagh, and Poonch (see figure 1). The impact of the main shock was felt as far... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Earthquake damage and loss estimation with Geographic Information System

The present paper first includes a brief discussion of GIS technology. Next, the various steps in a regional earthquake damage and loss analysis are discussed, with emphasis on their implementation in the GIS environment. Lastly, a software of WorldRisk which was completed recently are presented to illustrate GIS-based global earthquake damage and loss estimation.