Earnings Per Share Research Articles

Comprehensive Analysis of Risk and Return Associated with Equity Stock Investment

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the risk and return profiles of six prominent Indian automobile stocks: TVS Motor, Ashok Leyland, Bajaj Auto, MRF Ltd, Hero MotoCorp, and Mahindra & Mahindra, covering the period from 2020 to 2024. The findings reveal significant growth across the sector, with varying degrees of volatility. Key metrics such as stock price growth, earnings per share (EPS), return on equity (ROE), and price-to- earnings (P/E) ratios were analyzed, highlighting the importance of understanding both growth potential and associated risks

The impact of ESG strategies on growth in the logistics industry

The aim of the article is to analyse the relationship between company growth, measured as an increase in Earnings Per Share (EPS) in 3- and 5-year periods, and companies’ financial condition, measured using the Altman z-Score (AS) model. The study was carried out on the example of companies included in the WIG Index and Warsaw Stock Exchange Index (in Polish: Warszawski Indeks Giełdowy – WIG) Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) between 2013 and 2020. Furthermore, among the companies included in the WIG index, companies belonging to the logistics industry were distinguished. An analysis of linear and panel relationships was used to verify the nature of the relationships between the variables taken into account. The z-Altman index was found to have a positive effect on company growth in a 3-year period for companies from the transport and logistics industry and all companies included in the WIG ESG index. Regarding company growth over the longer 5-year period, the influence of the z-Altman index on growth was not observed. Therefore, the results for companies in the WIG index show that for company growth in both the 3- and 5-year periods, the financial and economic condition of a company, measured by the z-Altman index, has no impact on the size of this growth, which was also confirmed by panel models.

Long-Term Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on Firm Performance: A Panel Data Study

Purpose - This study aims to examine the long-term impact of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) on firm performance, particularly within the pharmaceutical industry. Using a panel data regression model, the study assesses how key financial ratios such as Net Profit Margin, Return on Capital Employed (ROCE), Debt to Equity Ratio, and Enterprise Value influence postmerger firm performance over time. Design/methodology/approach - A panel data approach has been conducted using data from 10 pharmaceutical companies from their post-merger period, focusing on the effects of M&As on firm performance as measured by Net Profit Margin. Financial ratios related to profitability, liquidity, and valuation were used as independent variables. Findings - The study finds that M&As have a positive long-term impact on firm performance, particularly in companies with strong Earnings per Share (EPS), efficient capital management, and good liquidity. ROCE, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Current Ratio were significant predictors of improved Net Profit Margin, highlighting the importance of financial efficiency and debt management in the post-merger phase. Research limitations/implications - The focus on the pharmaceutical industry limits the generalizability of the findings to other sectors. Future studies should examine a broader range of industries to better understand the effects of M&As across different contexts

Cracking the Book Value Mystery: Understanding Earning Per Share, Price Earning Ratio, and Operational Efficiency in IDX80 Enterprises Indonesia

Research Aims: This study aims to elucidate the determinants of book value by investigating the effects of earnings per share (EPS), price-to-earnings (PER) ratios, and operational efficiency among companies listed in the IDX80 index from 2021 to 2023. Design/methodology/approach: The research utilizes a quantitative approach with an explanatory design, analyzing secondary data from the financial reports of 80 companies. Variables like EPS, PER, BV, and NPM are assessed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method via SmartPLS to uncover their relationships in the Indonesian capital market. Research Findings: Key findings highlight the significant impact of EPS on share valuation reflected in book value (BV) and the mediating role of NPM in this relationship. The study underscores the complexity of using PER alone to evaluate company worth within the IDX80 index, emphasizing the need for further exploration to enhance investment strategies and financial decision-making. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study enhances understanding of equity valuation in Indonesia's capital market by analyzing how EPS, PER ratios, and operational efficiency influence companies in the IDX80 index from 2021 to 2023. It integrates theoretical frameworks like signalling theory and mediation via NPM, showing that EPS significantly impacts share valuation through NPM. The research underscores limitations of using PER exclusively to evaluate company worth, emphasizing the intricate nature of stock valuation in the IDX80 index. Future studies should delve deeper into these factors to improve investment strategies and financial decision-making.

Decoding Stock Price Movements: How Net Profit Margin and Debt-to-Equity Ratio Drive Value, with Earnings per Share as the Game-Changer

This research investigates the relationships between Net Profit Margin (NPM), Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER), Earnings per Share (EPS), and stock prices within the context of the Indonesian stock market. Utilizing a quantitative analysis approach, the study employs panel data regression to assess the statistical significance of these financial metrics on stock valuations. The findings reveal that NPM has a meaningful and statistically significant positive impact on stock prices, indicating that higher profit margins are associated with increased investor confidence and market valuation. Conversely, the results show that DER does not significantly influence stock prices, suggesting that investors may perceive high debt levels as a risk that diminishes stock value. Furthermore, the study finds that EPS does not moderate the relationship between NPM and stock prices, nor does it strengthen the effect of DER on stock valuations. These conclusions contribute to understanding financial determinants in stock price movements, emphasizing the importance of profit margins while highlighting the limited role of leverage and earnings per share in this context. The research provides recommendations for investors and corporate managers and suggests avenues for future studies, including broader geographic comparisons and integrating qualitative factors into stock valuation analysis.

Financial Indicators Shaping Share Price Movement: Insight from the Dhaka Stock Exchange SME Board

This study intends to explore the parameters that influence the share price movement of companies listed under the SME board on Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). The small capital platform, popularly known as the SME board is a specialized to trade share of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Based on secondary data, the present study used three independent variables, such as Earning Per Share (EPS), Price Earning (P/E) ratio, and Net Asset Value (NAV) per share to evaluate the fluctuations of share price in the market. All the companies listed on the DSE SME board were taken into consideration for the current study. Relevant Data concerning dependent and independent variables were collected from the DSE website. Average closing price of selected shares were collected during March 15, 2022–March 14, 2023. The study performed descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis using Statistical Package for Social science (SPSS) software. The study revealed that the fluctuations of share price of SME companies was significantly influenced by EPS, Net Asset NAV per share, and P/E ratio. This maiden study is expected to have implications to companies intending to be listed, investors, regulators, and other stakeholders in Bangladesh.

Pengaruh Informasi Akuntansi Terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Manufaktur

This study aims to analyze the impact of Earnings Per Share (EPS), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Price Book Value (PBV) on the stock prices of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020-2023. The research employs a quantitative method with secondary data sourced from the companies’ financial statements published on the IDX official website. The sample is selected using purposive sampling with criteria that include companies that publish complete financial statements, use Rupiah as their currency, and report profits during the study period. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results indicate that EPS significantly affects stock prices, while NPM, DER, and PBV do not show significant influence.

CSR disclosure, financial performance, and ownership: evidence from China

PurposeThis study investigates the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and financial performance (FP), and ascertains whether ownership structure (OS) moderates the CSR disclosure–FP nexus.Design/methodology/approachWe distinctly employed the well-established approach of panel data analysis to examine the comprehensive dataset of Shanghai A-share listed firms from 2008 to 2017 with 20,236-full sample and 4,190-disclosed sample firm-year observations. To test the hypotheses, the study used panel regression analysis. The study used CSR disclosure as an explanatory variable and accounting-based performance measures: return on equity (ROE) and earning per share (EPS) as dependent variables. In addition, we used CSR score to determine the extent of disclosure by each firm and employed matched pair sample analysis to check for the robustness of the earlier obtained results.FindingsThe findings indicate significant positive association among CSR disclosure and CSR score with ROE and EPS. Further, the CSR disclosure–FP nexus is more pronounced when the OS moderates it.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study lack generalizability due to its unique setting. A limitation of this paper is that our sample period only covers 2008–2017. Future studies can extend our research to a more recent period to test whether our findings remain valid in other periods.Practical implicationsOur findings suggest stronger CSR disclosure measures to enhance the image of businesses in the eyes of stakeholders. The study findings are consistent and confirm the theoretical basis (stakeholder theory) that Chinese listed firms can be more beneficial from disclosing CSR related information, and they should put more emphasis on the improvement of CSR disclosure.Originality/valueThis research offers empirical evidence that sheds light on the importance of OS as the moderating effect on the nexus of CSR disclosure–FP measures. In doing so, this study’s findings contribute to the literature significantly, along with the regulators and shareholders.

Dividend policy as an intervening variable between return on asset and earning per share on stock prices

Purpose - The aim of this study is to investigate how Return on Asset (ROA) and Earnings per Share (EPS) impact stock prices, while considering dividend policy as a mediating factor.Method - This research uses 6 samples of pharmaceutical companies listed on ISSI during the period of 2017-2021 using purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used in this research is SEM-PLS with the help of WarpPLS software version 7.0.Result - The findings indicate that dividend policy does not act as a mediator between ROA and share prices; however, it does serve as a mediator between EPS and share prices. The direct effects reveal that ROA has a non-significant positive impact on dividend policy, whereas EPS demonstrates a significant positive influence on dividend policy. Both ROA and dividend policy exhibit a significant negative impact on share prices, whereas EPS has a positive and significant influence on share prices. In addition, this research reveals that dividend policy is unable to mediate the relationship between ROA and share prices but is proven to mediate the relationship between EPS and stock prices.Implication - The concept of signaling theory in general can still be used in carrying out financial analysis even when anomalies occur in economic conditions.Originality - This research is research conducted on pharmaceutical companies which are different from other companies which have experienced negative impacts, but pharmaceutical companies have experienced an increase in share prices and profits during the pandemic.

The Effect of Fundamental Factors and Earnings Growth on Stock Prices in Food and Beverage Subsector Companies on the IDX for the 2019-2023 Period

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Fundamental Factors consisting of Earning Per Share (EPS), Price to Book Value (PBV), Price to Earning Ratio (PER) and Earnings Growth on Share Prices in food and beverage subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2023 period. The sample used in this study is the financial statements of food and beverage subsector companies for the period 2019 to 2023. The method used in determining the sample is by using purposive sampling method, and obtained as many as 13 companies. Data analysis used in research with the Eviews program. The results showed that EPS has a significant effect on stock prices, PBV has a significant effect on stock prices, PER has a significant effect on stock prices, earnings growth has no significant effect on stock prices. While simultaneously EPS, PBV, PER and earnings growth have a significant effect on stock prices. The implication in this study is that the signaling theory of the research results affects the rise and fall of stock prices. In view of the high fundamental factors, it shows a positive signal for the company, especially in stock prices. However, it does not apply to earnings growth because if earnings growth is high, it will have a bad effect on stock prices as well as for investors, but investors can look deeper into financial ratios.

Board characteristics and accounting value relevance: Insights from Saudi Arabia

This study aims to determine the extent to which corporate governance affects the usefulness of financial information available to investors in Saudi Arabia. The research investigates the impact of board characteristics—including independence, size, and frequency of meetings—on the value relevance of financial statements. Data from 125 non-financial firms from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed. The results indicate that increases in both book value per share (BVPS) and earnings per share (EPS) significantly enhance share prices. Furthermore, board independence, size, and meeting frequency amplify the value relevance of EPS but not BVPS, highlighting the complementary role of these governance attributes in equity valuation. High-quality governance and financial reporting are crucial for accurate evaluation of financial statements, enabling investors to perform more precise equity valuations. This underscores the importance of robust corporate governance structures. These insights are valuable for regulators, firms, and investors. Regulators can use these findings to strengthen corporate governance frameworks, ensuring boards are independent, well-sized, and diligent, thereby enhancing financial transparency. Firms can improve their governance practices, boosting the credibility and usefulness of their financial reports, which fosters greater market trust and attracts investment. Investors benefit from more reliable financial information, allowing for better-informed decisions and more precise equity valuations.

The Influence Of Earning Per Share (Eps), Dept To Equity Ratio (DER), And Company Age On Underpricing In Idx

This study analyzes whether the variables earnings per share (EPS), debt to equity ratio (DER), and Age Copies influence the underpricing of the Initial Public Offering (IPO). The theory related to underpricing is the signaling theory. The method used in this study is regression analysis. The results from this study show that only three variables, EPS, DER, and Age Companies, have a significant effect on underpricing. Because of the higher profitability, investors will be interested in buying or getting a substantial return on their participation. Simultaneously, no variables affected underpricing.

Analisis Determinan Faktor pada Earning Per Share Perusahaan

Research aimed to analyze the effect of profitability and solvency to earnings per share. EPS describes the firm’s performance. Whether the firm’s performance is good or not, one of which is measured by its ability to generate profit per share. Also the presence of research gaps from previous research. This makes this research interesting and urgent to do. This research is used purposive sampling method. The samples criteria are included in the LQ45 Index, have positive EPS, have positive profitability and have complete data needed in this research. Research data were analyzed through the Linear Regression program. Regression analysis is carried out by conducting the t test and F test. T test is carried out to analyze the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable and F test is carried out to analyze the effect of the independent variables simultaneously on the dependent variable. Based on the t test, the results show that Return on Equity or profitability at a significance of 0.000 <0.05 and the Solvency variable at a significance of 0.001 <0.05 proves to have a significant effect on Earnings Per Share (EPS). Based on the F test, it shows the results of profitability and solvency have simultaneous significant effect on Earnings Per Share (EPS) at a significance of 0.001 <0.05.

Economic Influences on Plantation Sector Stock Prices in Malaysia: A Quantile Regression Approach

This study aims to examine the relationship between microeconomic, sentiment, and macroeconomic variables across three quantiles (q25, q50, and q75) of stock prices in the Malaysian plantation sector. This study used Earnings per share (EPS) and return on equity (ROE) as the proxy for microeconomic variables, consumer sentiment index (CSI), and business condition index (BCI) as the proxy for sentiment variables, while inflation (INF which proxy from consumer price index) and exchange rate (ER, RM/USD) as the proxy for macroeconomic variables. Using a panel dataset covering 32 listed companies in plantation sector from 2008Q3 to 2023Q3. Result of quantile regression indicates that EPS, BCI, INF have a consistently positive and statistically significant relationship with stock prices across all quantiles. ROE has a mixed impact, with a positive relationship at the 25th and 50th quantile, but with a negative relationship at the 75th quantile. Furthermore, CSI and ER have a consistently negative and statistically significant relationship with stock prices across all quantiles.

Value of pharmaceuticals: Improving product demand through innovative research and development in Palestinian and Jordanian firms

This study investigates the sustainability of the pharmaceutical business in Palestine and Jordan by examining the impact of R&D intensity on company performance. The study sample consisted of pharmaceutical companies listed on the Amman and Palestine Stock Exchanges, where the descriptive analytical approach was used to achieve the study's objectives, which numbered (6) companies for ten years from 2013 to 2022. The study's dependent variable, "Performance and value of the company’s Return on Assets (ROA), Earnings Per Share (EPS), and Tobin's Q, and the independent variables were R&D intensity (RDI) and selling and marketing expenses (SMI). A statistical analysis package (STATA) was used to achieve the study's objectives and test its hypotheses. The study analyzed the impact of variables (RDI, SMI,) on the performance and value of pharmaceutical companies. Variables (RDI, SMI, FS, CP, and LEV) had no significant influence on these factors. However, the MS has a significant impact on these factors. The study also found that while variables (SMI and FS) had a significant effect on pharmaceutical companies' performance and value, the variables (RDI, MS, CP, and LEV) had no significant influence on either. This study offers significant implications for the sustainability of pharmaceutical companies, investors, and academic research centers. Governments, including health ministries, should reevaluate R&D spending to bring about a qualitative change that will allow these businesses to innovate and sustainably contribute to the preservation of healthcare.

DETERMINAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PROPERTI & REAL ESTATE PADA INDEKS SAHAM SYARIAH INDONESIA

This research aims to identify and analyze factors that influence the financial performance of companies operating in the property and real estate sectors listed in the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index. Specifically, this research evaluates the influence of internal company factors, such as leverage, profitability, and operational efficiency. Apart from that, this research also analyzes the impact of compliance with sharia principles. This research uses quantitative research, the data source used in this research is secondary data in the form of annual and quarterly financial reports. The analysis technique used is panel data regression, with the Chow test and Hausman test showing that the best model results are the fixed effect model. The results of the research show that return on assets (ROA) with a probability value of 0.0308 partially has a significant effect on share prices, earnings per share (EPS) with a probability value of 0.0081 partially has a significant effect on share prices, but the debt to equity ratio (DER) with a value of probability 0.5249 partially has no significant effect on stock prices. Simultaneously, with a probability F value of 0.000000, return on assets (ROA), earnings per share (EPS), debt to equity ratio (DER) together have a significant effect on share prices in property and real estate companies.

Capital Structure And Earnings Per Share: An Empirical Analysis Of Selected Companies Listed On The Nigerian Exchange Group

Focussing on the moderating influence of company size, this study analyses the implication of capital structure on earnings per share (EPS) for a subset of businesses listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group. The research examines data from fifteen publicly listed food and drink firms over a certain time frame using a random effects model. According to the results, some parts of the capital structure, like LDTA and EQTA, significantly boost earnings per share (EPS), while others, like TPTA, have the opposite effect. Including company size as a moderating variable significantly improves the model's explanatory power. The modified R-squared value goes up from 7.5% to 55.8%. Firm-specific features heavily influence capital structure decisions and their influence on financial viability. Firm size should be a major aspect in financing decisions, according to the report, since larger organisations are better able to optimise their capital structure to boost profitability. Corporate managers, lawmakers, and investors can benefit from the study's new findings, which add to the current literature by demonstrating how business size affects the correlation between capital structure and profitability

Value Relevance and Share Price Dynamics: An Empirical Analysis of Indian Multinational Corporations

The share price is one of the major aspects of taking financial decisions by the investors. This study has investigated the impact of value relevance on the share price of Indian multinational companies. In this study, the top 10 multinational corporations (MNCs) have been taken for the analysis of data from the financial year 2018–2019 to 2022–2023. However, share price has been considered a dependent variable, whereas earnings per share (EPS), book value per share (BVPS), price to book value (PB), price to earnings (PE) and assets turnover ratio (ATR) have been considered independent variables. By employing correlation, ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effect model (FEM), random effect model (REM), Hausman test and the Jarque–Bera test, data have been analysed and significant associations among the given variables have been found. The outcome of the study has revealed that there is a significant impact of value relevance on the share price of the MNCs in India, as the p value derived from the analysis is less than .05. This means that a statistically significant relationship exists between the variables considered in the study. JEL Codes: G10, M41, Y10

Uji Teori Institusional: Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon, Leverage, Profitabilitas, dan Nilai Perusahaan

Purpose: This study examines the impact of carbon emission disclosure, leverage, and profitability on firm value using institusional theory Research methodology: The research uses quantitative data from 10 energy companies listed on IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange) between 2018-2022. The sample technique used was purposive sampling. Panel data regression is employed to analyze the data. Carbon emission disclosure is measured by GRI-305 (Global Reporting Initiative – 305), leverage by DAR (Debt-to-Asset) and profitability by EPS (Earning per Share) as independent variable, then firm value by PBV (Price Book Value) as dependent variable. Results: Carbon emission disclosure has a positive but insignficiant effect on firm value, leverage has a significant negative effect, while profitability shows a negative but insignificant effect on firm value. Limitations: The study’s sample size was limited due to the removal of outliers to meet classical assumption test, which may reduce the sample’s representativeness but improves data analysis quality. Contribution: This research is useful for investors, academics, companies, government, and the general public who want to know the benefits of carbon emissions disclosure, and the level of readiness of the Indonesian capital market in addressing climate change issues and disclosure of carbon emissions by companies.

Book Value Forecast Quality: Financial Versus Nonfinancial Firms

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the quality and usefulness of analysts’ book value forecasts for financial firms relative to nonfinancial firms. We examine whether forecast properties (accuracy, bias, and dispersion) of book value forecasts and the market reaction to unexpected book value surprises differ between financial and nonfinancial firms. We find that book value forecasts are more accurate, less biased, and less dispersed for financial firms compared to nonfinancial firms. In addition, we show that these results are not simply a result of differences in earnings per share (EPS) forecast quality. We also provide evidence that book value forecasts are incrementally helpful to analysts in forecasting earnings for financial firms. In addition, we find evidence that the stock price drift following an earnings announcement is more pronounced when book value per share (BPS) surprises are considered in addition to EPS surprises. However, this finding only holds for financial firms. We find that this delayed reaction can form the basis for a profitable trading strategy.